黑豆提取物抗氧化性的研究

以抗坏血酸为参照物,对黑豆提取物的抗氧化性进行研究,结果表明,黑豆提取物具有比较强的DPPH·自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力、抗脂质体氧化能力以及还原能力。因此,黑豆提取物具有可以作为天然的抗氧化剂应用于食品开发的潜质。     

麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本实验以麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物中黄酮质量浓度为内标,以维生素C（VC）和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚（BHT）为对照,通过超氧阴离子（O-2·）、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基（DPPH·）和亚硝酸盐（NO-2）的清除能力,以及还原力和总抗氧化能力的测定,评价了麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性。实验结果表明,麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物的O-2·清除率的半数抑制浓度（IC50）为0.502mg/m L,小于VC的0.654mg/m L;其DPPH·与NO-2清除率的IC50分别为0.185、0.494mg/m L,均小于BHT;麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物中黄酮质量浓度在0.7¹.0mg/m L时,其还原力与同质量浓度VC相当,大于BHT;在测定范围时,其总抗氧化能力随质量浓度增加而增强,且大于同质量浓度的BHT,而小于VC。由此说明,麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性。      

Synergistic antimicrobial activity of galangal (Alpinia galanga), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and lemon iron bark (Eucalyptus staigerana) extracts

BACKGROUND: In this study the synergistic antimicrobial activities of combinations of extracts from galangal (Alpinia galanga), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and lemon iron bark (Eucalyptus staigerana) were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens. Chemical compositions of these extracts were also determined to provide further insight into antimicrobial constituents and their potential mechanisms of action. RESULTS: Combinations of galangal with either rosemary or lemon iron bark showed synergistic antimicrobial activity. Specifically, galangal and rosemary showed synergistic activity against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes only, while galangal and lemon iron bark showed synergistic activity against E. coli and S. typhimurium. Chemical compositions of the extracts were determined by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis. The major chemical components of the galangal and lemon iron bark extracts were 1′‐acetoxy‐chavicol acetate (1′ACA) (63.4%) and neral (15.6%), respectively, while 1,8‐cineole (26.3%) and camphor (20.3%) were identified as major chemical components of the rosemary extract. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that galangal, rosemary and lemon iron bark extracts contain components that may have different modes of antimicrobial action and combinations of these extracts may have potential as natural antimicrobials to preserve foods. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Antioxidant Activities of the Supercritical and Conventional Satureja montana Extracts

ABSTRACT:  The antioxidant activities of the volatile and the nonvolatile fractions from  Satureja montana  obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and by conventional techniques, hydrodistillation (HD) and soxhlet extraction (SE), were compared. A good agreement between DPPH and rancimat methods was obtained showing that the extracts were able to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit lipid oxidation. The volatile oil (obtained by SFE at 90 bar/40 °C) was the most effective extract, presenting the lowest EC₅₀ (0.06 g/L) and the highest protector factor (PF = 2.03). These results demonstrated the advantages of SFE over conventional techniques by avoiding thermodegradation and hydrolysis reactions. Furthermore, volatile oil is 15 times richer in thymoquinone than the essential oil (HD). This compound is of great importance due to its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer activities. The combination of carvacrol + thymol + thymoquinone in volatile oil may be responsible for the increase in the antioxidant activity when compared to HD, which demonstrates that, in this case, SFE improves value to the final product.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of various solvent extracts from Impatiens balsamina L. stems

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the quantity of phenolic substances of Impatiens balsamina L. stem extracts obtained with various solvent were determined in this study. All of the extracts possessed moderate antioxidant potential in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Antimicrobial activity was estimated using the cylinder-plate and agar dilution methods against four bacterial and six fungal strains. The extracts showed good antimicrobial activity especially antifungal activity against all of the tested microorganisms. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 2.88 to 13.63 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 0.98 to 7.87 mg quercetin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. The results presented here indicate that the I. balsamina stem extracts have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are therefore a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our work indicates that the I. balsamina stem may be a good candidate as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. It can be applied in food industry for preservation.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts

The antioxidant activities, reducing powers, 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities, total phenolic compound contents and antimicrobial activities of ether, ethanol and hot water extracts of Polygonum cognatum Meissn were studied in vitro. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the water extract. However, there were no statistically significant differences among 15 µg ml^?1 extract‐containing samples in linoleic acid emulsion (0.02 M , pH 7.0) during 120 h of incubation (P > 0.05). The reducing power of the water extract was the highest, but its reducing power was markedly lower than that of ascorbic acid. The highest DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was found in the water extract, with 50% DPPH radical scavenging at a concentration of 100 µg ml^?1 dried water extract, while at the same concentration of dried ethanol extract the value was 12%. Surprisingly, no DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was observed in the ether extract. The concentrations of phenolic compounds found were 0.48, 0.50 and 0.01 µg ml^?1 gallic acid equivalent in 10 µg ml^?1 water, ethanol and ether extracts respectively. The ether and ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The water extract did not show antimicrobial activity against the studied micro‐organisms. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and potential of heather (Erica spp.) extracts in the control of Listeria monocytogenes

In this work, heather and its flowers were studied regarding their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Plants were subjected to ultrasound-assisted methanolic extraction followed by fractionation. A phytochemical characterisation of extracts content in total phenols and flavonoids, and their antioxidant activity was performed. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and by bioautography. Following, studies on the antilisterial potential were carried out by: time-kill curves, inhibition of biofilm formation and tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to adverse conditions. The results evidenced the antioxidant activity in both extracts, as well as, the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Concerning the evaluation of the antilisterial potential, a bacteriostatic behaviour and inhibition of biofilms formation ability were observed. Listeria monocytogenes showed an increased susceptibility to adverse conditions when preincubated with extracts. Thus, heather and its flowers may be a source of new compounds with antilisterial activity potential.     

Antioxidant, antihypertensive and antimicrobial properties of ovine milk caseinate hydrolyzed with a microbial protease

BACKGROUND: Bioactive peptides might be released from precursor proteins through enzymatic hydrolysis. These molecules could be potentially employed in health and food products. In this investigation, ovine milk caseinate hydrolysates obtained with a novel microbial protease derived from Bacillus sp. P7 were evaluated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activities. RESULTS: Antioxidant activity measured by the 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid method increased with hydrolysis time up to 2 h, remaining stable for up to 4 h. Hydrolysates showed low 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging abilities, with higher activity (31%) reached after 1 h of hydrolysis. Fe²⁺‐chelating ability was maximum for 0.5 h hydrolysates (83.3%), decreasing thereafter; and the higher reducing power was observed after 1 h of hydrolysis. ACE‐inhibitory activity was observed to increase up to 2 h of hydrolysis (94% of inhibition), declining afterwards. 3 h hydrolysates were shown to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium fimi, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium expansum. CONCLUSION: Ovine caseinate hydrolyzed with Bacillus sp. P7 protease presented antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial activities. Hydrolysis time was observed to affect the evaluated bioactivities. Such hydrolysates might have potential applications in the food industry. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The influence of organ,season and drying method on chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Juniperus phoenicea L. essential oils

BACKGROUND: Juniperus phoenicea is an important medicinal plant. In the present study, essential oils (18 samples) from leaves and berries of Juniperus phoenicea L. (Cupressaceae), obtained by various drying methods and in different collection months, were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and also evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Correlations were studied between antimicrobial activity and the chemical composition of essential oils. RESULTS: Sixty‐seven compounds were identified in essential oils, representing 97.7–100%. Essential oils were dominated by monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which presented 35.0–93.3% and 6.7–62.0%, respectively, depending of organ, season and drying method. Antimicrobial tests showed that essential oils strongly inhibited the growth of Gram‐positive microorganisms and Mucor ramamnianus, but was inactive against Gram‐negative strains. Antioxidant activity was tested using the ABTS radical‐scavenging assay. Most samples showed good activity (the best IC₅₀ = 41.7 ± 1.5 mg L^?1). CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that drying of leaves of J. phoenicea in the sun and berries in oven‐drying was more suitable and was recommended for obtaining higher essential oil yield, but for a higher percentage of some special components such as α‐pinene and δ‐3‐carene shade‐drying was more suitable. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

枫香叶正丁醇提取物抑菌效果及其抗氧化活性研究

采用打孔法测定抑菌圈大小和试管连续稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC),研究了枫香叶正丁醇提取物抑菌效果,并测定其对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基的清除活性。结果表明:枫香叶正丁醇提取物对7种实验菌均有抑制作用,不同浓度间、不同菌种间存在极显著(p<0.01)差异;且对细菌的抑制作用强于真菌,对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌效果比革兰氏阳性菌好;对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌、黄曲霉、黑曲霉、青霉的MIC分别为3.1、12.5、12.5、6.25、12.5、25、12.5mg/m L。枫香叶正丁醇提取物具有较强的的抗氧化活性,可作为功能性食品资源开发利用。      

Chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Allium sphaerocephalon L. subsp. sphaerocephalon (Liliaceae) inflorescences

BACKGROUND: Allium sphaerocephalon is a wild‐growing plant commonly used as an onion substitute. In this study the essential oil obtained from A. sphaerocephalon subsp. sphaerocephalon inflorescences was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and also evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The obtained results are reported for the first time and discussed with respect to the sulfur compounds detected in the essential oil. RESULTS: Ninty‐one compounds were identified, representing 91.6% (w/w) of the total oil. Major constituents of the analysed sample were shyobunol (15.3%), β‐caryophyllene (8.1%), α‐cadinol (7.8%), 3,5‐diethyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolane (isomer II, 5.9%) and δ‐cadinene (5.2%). The diluted oil had an antioxidant capacity of 160 000 ± 111 µmol α‐tocopherol acetate equivalents g^?1. Its antimicrobial activity was evaluated against five bacterial and two fungal strains using the broth microdilution assay. Among the micro‐organisms tested, the most susceptible strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration = 0.08/2.5 mg mL^?1) and Aspergillus niger (minimal inhibitory/fungicidal concentration = 0.31/0.63 mg mL^?1). CONCLUSION: The results showed that the examined species had strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are in accordance with the popular use of plants belonging to the genus Allium in traditional medicine, emphasising the necessity of further detailed study of the active principles in Allium species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

盐渍萝卜色差值测定及其提取物抑菌活性研究

利用色差计对不同腌制时间盐渍萝卜的颜色值进行了测定,并以不同盐渍萝卜与白萝卜各颜色值之差的变化作为腌制时间依据,以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌为指示菌,使用牛津杯法对不同腌制时间盐渍萝卜的乙酸乙酯和丙酮提取物进行了抑菌实验。结果表明,盐渍萝卜的总色差值△E＊随腌制时间延长整体呈上升趋势,多数盐渍萝卜的两种提取物对3种指示菌均有较好的抑制作用。其中,丙酮较乙酸乙酯所得提取物表现出更好的抑菌效果;乙酸乙酯提取物对细菌的抑菌效果随腌制时间变化明显;丙酮提取物对酿酒酵母的抑菌效果多数好于0.5mg/mL两性霉素B的阳性对照组。这表明,盐渍萝卜的乙酸乙酯和丙酮提取物有很好的体外抗菌潜力。     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Amomum tsao‐ko

BACKGROUND: The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried fruits of Amomum tsao‐ko was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 16 micro‐organisms using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. RESULTS: Seventy‐three compounds, constituting about 97.56% of the total oil, were identified. The main components were 1,8‐cineole (45.24%), ρ‐propylbenzaldehyde (6.04%), geraniol (5.11%), geranial (4.52%), α‐terpineol (3.59%) and α‐phellandrene (3.07%). The essential oil showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested micro‐organisms, including Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and fungi. The oil exerted the strongest bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus CCTCC AB91118, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 0.20 g L^?1. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the Amomum tsao‐ko essential oil could be one of new medicinal resources for antibacterial and antifungal agents. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

竹笋壳提取物抑菌活性研究

以竹笋壳为原料,利用超声波辅助-有机溶剂提取法提取活性物质,并经大孔树脂初步纯化：采用双层平板打孔法研究竹笋壳提取物对食品中常见的4种细菌和3种真菌的抑制作用,同时考察温度和紫外照射对其抑菌活性稳定性的影响。实验结果表明：竹笋壳提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphyloccocusaureus）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）、蜡状芽孢杆菌（BacillusCeFCUS）、大肠杆菌（Escherichiacoli）这4种细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为8．75、4．375、35、35mg／mL,对酿酒酵母（Saccharomycescerevisiae）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、根霉（Rhizopus stolonifer）这3种真菌没有抑制作用;竹笋壳提取物的抑菌活性具有很好的热稳定性;对于不同菌种,竹笋壳提取物的抑菌活性具有不同的紫外光稳定性。     

Essential oil composition,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Satureja cuneifolia Ten.

Satureja cuneifolia Ten. is a well-known aromatic plant which is frequently used as a spice and herbal tea in Anatolia. S. cuneifolia oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components of S. cuneifolia oil were carvacrol (44.99%) and p-cymene (21.61%). The essential oil of S. cuneifolia exhibited antimicrobial activity against all of the tested foodborne and spoilage bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for test bacteria which were sensitive to the essential oil of S. cuneifolia were in the range of 600–1400 μg/ml. Antioxidant activities of the essential oil and the methanolic extract from S. cuneifolia were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene–linoleic acid bleaching and metal chelating activity assays. In addition, the amounts of total phenol components in the plant methanolic extract (222.5 ± 0.5 μg/mg) and the oil (185.5 ± 0.5 μg/mg) were determined.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biological activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Micromeria fruticosa (L) Druce ssp serpyllifolia (Bieb) PH Davis plants from the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey

The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Micromeria fruticosa ssp serpyllifolia as well as the composition of the essential oil were examined. The essential oil exhibited activity against 14 bacteria, three fungi and a yeast, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 31.25 to 125 µl ml^?1, whilst the methanolic extract was inactive. Antioxidant activity was measured by two methods, namely scavenging of the free radical DPPH and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. The methanolic extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in both assays, providing 50% inhibition at 70.9 ± 0.5 µg ml^?1 concentration in the DPPH assay and inhibiting linoleic acid oxidation to 59% at 2 mg ml^?1 concentration, whilst the essential oil showed activity only at higher concentrations. The gallic acid equivalent total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was found to be 55.2 ± 2.00 µg mg^?1 dry weight extract (5.5% w/w). The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil was analysed by means of GC/MS. Twenty‐nine constituents were identified, the main ones being piperitenone (50.61%) and pulegone (29.19%). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

山豆根提取物抗氧化和抑菌活性的研究

研究山豆根不同溶剂(氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇)提取物的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性,通过测定四种提取物的DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基的清除能力以及还原能力来评估其抗氧化能力;并通过测试各提取物对7种实验菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)来评估它们的抑菌活性。结果表明:山豆根四种溶剂提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力和抑菌活性,其中,对DPPH自由基的清除效果最佳,EC50均小于0.2mg/m L;乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌作用,其MIC为0.313mg/m L。