Structural chemistry of M2Si5N8:Eu2+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) phosphor via structural refinement

Structural refinement using X-ray powder diffraction data and geometry energy calculations using quantum mechanics were used to investigate the preferential substitution sites and the amount of Eu2+ ions in the host lattice of alkaline earth elements co-doped M2Si5N8:Eu2+ (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba), which is a red color-emitting nitride phosphor prepared via a carbothermal reaction method. Of the possible preferential sites, the preferential site proposed by the structural refinement results, in which the Eu2+ ions might preferentially occupy nine coordinated sites with nitrogen in M2Si5N8:Eu2+, was confirmed via geometry energy calculations using a first-principle based on the density-functional theory. The final converged weighted R factor (R(wp)) and the goodness-of-fit indicator [S(= R(wp)/R(e))] were 9.51% and 1.77, respectively. Each occupancy of Eu2+ ions for the two non-equivalent M sites, M(1) and M(2), was 0.10(2) and 0.04(2), respectively. The final refined model described the crystal structure in a space group Pmn2, (No. 31) with Z = 2, a = 5.7424(1) angstroms, b = 6.8837(1) angstroms, c = 9.3586(1) angstroms, and alpha(= beta= gamma)= 90 degrees.     

La和Nb共掺提高BiFeO3的磁学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了Bi1-xLaxFe0.99Nb0.01O3(x≤0.25)纳米颗粒样品,并研究了La和Nb共掺对BiFeO3样品的晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和磁学性质的影响.根据X射线衍射及Rietveld精修结果可知,所有样品都保持R3c空间结构,且Fe-O-Fe键角随着La掺杂量的增加而减小.XPS测试结果表明,La和少量Nb共掺不会引起样品中Fe3+和Fe2+含量的明显变化.磁性测量发现剩余磁化强度强烈依赖于La掺杂量x.La掺杂影响着反向旋转的FeO5八面体结构变化,而Nb离子掺杂会导致样品晶粒细化.共掺BiFeO3的磁性增强是两种影响机制协同作用的结果.     

Electronic structure studies of nanoferrite Cu(x)Co(1-x)Fe2O4 by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Pure and mixed cobalt copper ferrites are of great interest due to their widespread application in electronics and medicine. We report on the electronic structure of a nanoferrite Cu(x)Co(1-x)Fe2O4 (0.0 < or = x < or = 1.0) system studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These magnetic nanoferrites (average crystallite size approximately 31-43 nm) were synthesized by an auto combustion method and are characterized by high resolution X-ray diffraction and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements at the O K and Co, Cu, and Fe L-edges. The O K-edge spectra suggest that there is a strong hybridization between O 2p and 3d electrons of Co, Cu and Fe cations and Fe L3,2-edge spectra indicate that Fe ions coexist in mixed valence states (Fe3+ and Fe2+) at tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the spinel structure. Copper and cobalt ions are distributed in the divalent state in octahedral sites of the spinel structure. The origin of high saturation magnetization and coercivity in cobalt-copper ferrites are explained in light of these results.     

Ni doped Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles

In this work, the effect of nickel doping on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is analysed. Ni(x)Fe(3-x)O4 nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.11) were obtained by chemical co-precipitation method, starting from a mixture of FeCl2 x 4H2O and Ni(AcO)2 x 4H2O salts. The analysis of the structure and composition of the synthesized nanoparticles confirms their nanometer size (main sizes around 10 nm) and the inclusion of the Ni atoms in the characteristic spinel structure of the magnetite Fe3O4 phase. In order to characterize in detail the structure of the samples, X-ray absorption (XANES) measurements were performed on the Ni and Fe K-edges. The results indicate the oxidation of the Ni atoms to the 2+ state and the location of the Ni2+ cations in the Fe2+ octahedral sites. With respect to the magnetic properties, the samples display the characteristic superparamagnetic behaviour, with anhysteretic magnetic response at room temperature. The estimated magnetic moment confirms the partial substitution of the Fe2+ cations by Ni2+ atoms in the octahedral sites of the spinel structure.     

EPR and Magnetic Susceptibility Investigations of Fe Containing TeO2-B2O3-SrF2 Glasses

1. IntroductionTellurite-borate vitreous systems[1] and binajry tellurite oxide systems containing transition metal ions[2]were investigated in detail due to their interestingproperties having a number of applications in microelectronics. They are optical glajsses with high refraction index (n>2) and a good iR transmission,being suitable as laser and opto-acoustical materials. Tellurite systems containing FeZO3 were studied to reveal their electrical properties as well asthe structural onesl…     

Activity and leaching features of zinc-aluminum ferrites in catalytic wet oxidation of phenol

A series of ZnFe(2-x)Al(x)O(4) spinel type catalysts prepared by sol-gel method have been characterized and tested for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) of phenol with pure oxygen. The iron species existed in these materials as aggregated iron oxide clusters and Fe3+ species in octahedral sites. With a decrease in iron content the concentration of the first iron species decreased and the latter increased. Complete phenol conversions and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were obtained for all catalysts during phenol degradation at mild reaction conditions (160 degrees C and 1.0 MPa of oxygen pressure). Increasing with the concentration of Fe3+ species in octahedral sites, induction period became significantly shortened. After phenol was completely degraded, the concomitant recycling of the leaching Fe3+ ions back to the catalyst surface was observed, and in this case it is possible to perform successful CWO reactions with some cycles. It is also suggested that during the reaction the Fe3+ cations coordinated in octahedral sites in the ZnFe(2-x)Al(x)O(4) catalysts are resistant to acid leaching, but the reduced Fe2+ cations become much more labile, leading to increased Fe leaching.     

Tailored nanoparticles for tumour therapy

Gd doped iron-oxide nanoparticles were developed for use in tumour therapy via magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). The effect of the Gd3+ dopant on the particle size and magnetic properties was investigated. The final particle composition varied from Gd0.01Fe2.99O4 to Gd0.04Fe2.96O4 as determined by Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). TEM image analysis showed the average magnetic core diameters to be 12 nm and 33 nm for the lowest and highest Gd levels respectively. The specific power adsorption rate (SAR) determined with a field strength of 246 Oe and 52 kHz had a maximum of 38Wg(-1) [Fe] for the Gd0.03Fe2.97O4 sample. This value is about 4 times higher than the reported SAR values for Fe3O4. The potential for in vivo tumour therapy was investigated using a mouse model. The mouse models treated with Gd0.02Fe2.98O4 displayed much slower tumour growth after the first treatment cycle, the tumour had increased its mass by 25% after 7 days post treatment compared to a 79% mass increase over the same period for those models treated with standard iron-oxide or saline solution. After a second treatment cycle the mouse treated with Gd0.02Fe2.98O4 showed complete tumour regression with no tumour found for at least 5 days post treatment.     

A study on the magnetic and photoluminescence properties of Eu(n+) and Sm3+ doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles

In this paper, Eu(n+), Sm3+ doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared via solvothermal method, in which Ferric chloride is used as the iron source, and anhydrous EuCl3, SmCl3 as doping source. Eu, Sm valence in doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and effects of Eu, Sm doping amount on their structure, morphology, magnetic properties and PL properties were discussed. The results show, the Eu ions had doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the mixed-valence state, when the Eu and Sm doping amount were increased, the doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles changed from hollow nanospheres into spherical particles, and finally changed into uniform cube-shaped particles with 13 nm in diameter. Moreover, the doping sites for doping ions in doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were discussed from Rietveld analysis of XRD pattern of the doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles. And the changes of the magnetic and PL properties with the doping amount were further discussed. It was found that higher Sm(3+)-doping amount led to stronger magnetic dipole transitions, while the Eu(n+)-doping amount had little effect on the magnetic dipole transitions, thus resulting in different changes in their saturation magnetization with doping amount.     

Synthesis of ferrites obtained from heavy metal solutions using wet method

Wet method was employed to the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater, and Zn(x)Fe(3-x)O(4), Ni(x)Fe(3-x)O(4) and Cr(x)Fe(3-x)O(4) (0Cr(3+) and the influence of the three ions on sample thermostability is Zn(2+)>Ni(2+)>Cr(3+).     

Study on energy transfer and energy migration of Ca2Gd8(SiO4)6O2:Dy3+ phosphor films

Being a kind of rare-earth-metal silicate with oxidapatite structure, Ca2R8(SiO4)6O2 (R = Y, Gd, La) is a promising material doped with rare earth, and widely used as phosphors. In this thesis, Ca2Gd8(SiO4)6O2:Dy3+ films were prepared by the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting films. AFM study indicated that the phosphor films consisted of 120 nm homogeneous particles. By combining the model of Burshtein for donor-donor migration and the V-F-B model for donor-acceptor energy transfer, the experimental luminescence decay curve of 6P(J) state of Gd3+ was re-simulated. It is found that concentration quenching of Gd3+ can be due to the result of the joint action of donor-donor (Gd3+-Gd3+) energy migration and donor-acceptor (Gd3+-Dy3+) energy transfer.     

Structural and Magnetic Studies of Rare-Earth Substituted Nickel Ferrites

Polycrystalline ferrites NiFe₂O₄ and NiFe_1.99R_0.01O₄ (R=Sm, Gd, Eu, and La) samples were prepared by usual ceramic method. The structural and the magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer Effect (ME) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Indexed XRD patterns confirm the formation of pure cubic spinel phase. The lattice parameters (a) of the rare earth (R) doped samples were smaller than that of the pure Ni-ferrite. Mössbauer effect spectroscopy was used to study the distribution of cations in tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] sites of the spinel. The hysteresis loops indicated that the saturation magnetization and coercivity increased with R-substitution and appeared to be greatly affected by the nature of R ions. The obtained results are interpreted based on the rearrangement of cations between the A-site and B-site.     

Distribution of cations in nanosize and bulk Co-Zn ferrites

The structural and magnetic properties of Co(1-x)Zn(x)Fe2O4 ferrites (Co-Zn ferrites) are investigated in a narrow compositional range around x = 0.6, which is of interest because of applications in magnetic fluid hyperthermia. The study by x-ray and neutron diffraction, M?ssbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements is done on nanoparticles prepared by the coprecipitation method and bulk samples sintered at high temperatures. In spite of the known preference of Zn2+ for tetrahedral (A) sites and Co2+ for octahedral [B] sites, the cations are distributed nearly evenly over the two sites of spinel structure and there is also a variable number of [B] site vacancies (see text), making cobalt ions trivalent. In particular for x = 0.6, the cationic distribution is refined to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the 13 nm particles (T(C) = 335 K) and bulk sample (T(C) = 351 K), respectively.     

Structural and Magnetic Analyses of Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Oleate Molecules

Physical and chemical properties of the magnetic nanoparticles coated with oleate have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Mossbauer spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, infrared spectra (IR) and the contact angle device. The results show that doped Al ions in Fe3O4 nanoparticles are located on the octahedral sites of the spinel structure. Oleate is coated on the magnetic nanoparticles with two layers by chemical absorbing, the outer layer can be washed away. The wetting of the surface of magnetic nanoparticles coated with monolayer has been changed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, and the nanoparticles can be dispersed very well in some organic solutions.     

Structure and magnetic properties of nanosized magnetite obtained by glass recrystallization

We present the preparation, structural and magnetic properties of nanosized magnetite obtained by the crystallization of a series of Fe-containing borosilicate glasses. Several compositions with the ratio Fe2O3/SiO2 spanning from 0.37 to 0.67 were investigated as a function of two nucleators Cr2O3 and P2O5, respectively, and modifiers and intermediates (Al2O3 and MgO). M?ssbauer spectroscopy revealed the degree, the type and the location of disorder induced by a specific composition and nucleators. In addition to magnetite, it was also revealed the presence of large amounts of Fe-rich paramagnetic phases. The magnetic response is analysed in relation with the amount of Fe ions which remain dispersed in the glassy matrix as noninteracting (paramagnetic) ions. We discuss the role of the nucleators on the disorder in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the magnetite.     

X射线吸收精细结构谱在材料科学中的应用

简单介绍了X射线吸收精细结构谱的物理基础,数据处理方法,讨论了X射线吸收精细结构谱在元素组成,价态和结构环境方面的分析结果。结果显示,在钠钙硅酸盐平板玻璃中,二价铁离子和三价铁离子同时存在。在Ag-Na离子交换后,二价铁离子被银离子氧化成三价铁离子。当Ti2O3和锐钛矿被分别掺入硼硅酸盐玻璃后,钛离子主要以四价存在,Ti^4＋离子占据五重配位点。在玻璃中同时掺入锐钛矿和还原剂C,诱导三价钛离子生成,三价钛离子占据八面体配位点,使得Ti K边预边峰高度降低。包裹在钠钙硅酸盐玻璃中的银纳米颗粒界面存在张应力,使得银晶格膨胀,银原子存在两种结构环境：Ag-O配位和Ag-Ag配位。孤立银原子的存在,使得最近邻Ag-Ag配位数显著降低。     

Study on luminescent properties of Eu3+ doped Gd2WO6, Gd2W2O9 and Gd2(WO4)3 nanophosphors prepared by co-precipitation

Eu3+ doped Gd2WO6, Gd2W2O9 and Gd2(WO4)3 nanophosphors with different concentrations have been prepared by co-precipitation. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) were used to investigate the structure and morphology. The emission spectra, excitation spectra and fluorescence decay curves were measured, and partial J-O parameters and quantum efficiencies of Eu3+ 5D0 energy level were calculated. Furthermore, concentration quenching curves of Eu3+ in different hosts were drawn. The photoluminescent properties of Eu3+ doped Gd2WO6, Gd2W2O9 and Gd2(WO4)3 nanophosphors have been studied. The results indicate that Eu3+ 5D0-7F2 red luminescence can be effectively excited by 395 nm and 465 nm in Gd2WO6 and Gd2W2O9 hosts, similar to the familiar Gd2(WO4)3:Eu. Especially Gd2W2O9:Eu has strong red emission and high quenching concentration, so it has potential applications for trichromatic white LED as red fluorescent materials.     

Crystal structure and dielectric properties of Ca(0.85)Nd(0.1)TiO(3) - LnAlO(3) ceramics

The microwave dielectric properties of Ca(0.85)Nd(0.1)TiO(3) - LnAlO(3) (Ln = Sm, Gd, Dy, Er) ceramics are investigated in this paper. The structural characteristics of the specimens were evaluated by Rietveld refinement of Xray diffraction (XRD) patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solid solution limits were dependent on the ionic radius of Ln(3+) ions. With the decrease of the ionic radius of the Ln(3+) ions, the thermal stability of the resonant frequency decreases. This can be attributed to the increased level of oxygen octahedral distortion caused by the increase in the B-site bond valence in the ABO(3) perovskite structure. The dielectric constant (K) and the quality factor (Qf) of the specimens were dependent on the polarizability and grain size, respectively.     

Structural and electrical properties of Gd3+ ion substituted CoGdxFe(2-x)O4 nano-ferrites

Nano particles of CoGdxFe(2-x)O4, with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 have been prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The as synthesized particles are annealed at 300 degrees C for two hours to improve crystallinity. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the single cobalt ferrite phase formation and the average crystallite size decreases to 7 nm in the Gd3+ ion doped sample (with x = 0.5) compared to 27 nm in case of un-doped cobalt ferrite sample. The electrical properties for the different compositions of Gd3+ ion substituted cobalt ferrite material were studied in the frequency range 100 Hz to 10 MHz at room temperature using WK impedance analyzer. It is found that the electrical conductivity of the samples increases with increasing Gd3+ ion concentration. The results of our investigations reveal a strong dependence of material properties on Gd3+ ion doping.     

Nb、K共掺对BiFeO3纳米晶体结构和磁性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi_(1-x)K_xFe_(1-x)Nb_xO_3(0≤x≤0.05)纳米晶体,并研究Nb、K共掺杂对BiFeO_3样品晶格结构和磁学性质的影响。根据XRD图谱和Rietveld精修可知,所有样品保持R3c相,晶格常数a、c,晶胞体积V和Fe-O-Fe发生微弱的变化。XPS测量显示,少量的Nb、K共掺杂不引起样品中Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)比例的变化。磁测量表明,所有掺杂样品的磁性都得到了增强。当掺杂量x=0.01时,剩余磁化强度Mr达到最大值,Mr=0.1978emu/g,相比于纯BiFeO_3增大了18倍。低掺杂时剩余磁化强度Mr增大,可能是由于掺杂样品中存在束缚磁极化子引起的。     

掺杂Gd的Co_2Z型铁氧体的微结构和高频性能(英文)

采用普通陶瓷工艺制备了Gd掺杂的Co2Z型平面六角铁氧体3(Ba0.5Sr0.5O).2CoO.0.05Gd2O3.10.8Fe2O3,对其微结构和高频性能进行了研究。结果表明,少量掺杂Gd的Co2Z型铁氧体仍具有单相的Z型平面六角结构,其磁导率实部μ′明显提高,可达到13,而截止频率仍大于1GHz,具有较好的高频性能。随着烧结温度的提高,材料的磁导率实部μ′增大,但截止频率下降。少量Gd的掺杂对Co2Z型铁氧体的复介电常数值没有明显影响,但材料的铁电共振峰向高频区移动。