用TG法研究聚苯乙烯磺酸钠阳离子交换树脂热分解反应的非等温动力学

用TG法研究了粉状聚苯乙烯磺酸钠阳离子交换树脂的热分解反应非等温动力学,测定了该反应的动力学基础数据。将树脂在390~500℃的热分解过程,用一个表观的热分解反应,并用相应的活化能和指前因子来表征。测得活化能:Ea=287±7 kJ/mol,指前因子:Za=(2.14±0.06)×1020/min(95%置信度)。     

双酚A型聚芳醚酮的热分解动力学研究

用热重(TG)法研究了双酚A型聚芳醚酮(PAEK)的热分解动力学,计算了热分解动力学参数.结果表明,双酚A型PAEK的热分解符合无规引发分解模型,热分解过程为一级反应.以Kissinger最大失重率法求得热分解反应的反应活化能E为201.909kJ/mol;以Ozawa等失重百分率法求得反应活化能E为211.398kJ/mol;频率因子A值为2.306×10~(14)～9.173×10~(14)min~(-1);预测N_2中267℃失重5%的热老化寿命为10 a.     

邻甲酚醛环氧树脂与4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷固化反应研究

以4,4'二氨基二苯甲烷作为固化剂对邻甲酚醛环氧树脂进行固化反应研究,使用差示扫描量热法对固化热力学研究,通过Kissinger法测得固化反应表观活化能Ea为52.70kJ/mol,用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa测得非等温固化反应活化能为56.929kJ/mol。此外,用傅里叶变换红外光谱对固化反应历程进行了探讨,用热分析法对固化树脂的热分解动力学进行研究,固化产物在动态N2气氛下热降解机理为一级反应模式。     

聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的热分解动力学研究

通过热重分析(TGA)法研究了聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)在氮气气氛中不同升温速率下的热分解过程,采用不同的动力学数据处理方法研究了PBT的热分解机理。结果表明:采用Kissinger法、FlynnWall-Ozawa法和Friedman法计算PBT的热分解反应活化能分别为179.93,175.83,161.07 kJ/mol,平均值为172.28 kJ/mol,与Coast-Redfern法计算的活化能180.41 kJ/mol接近,取PBT热分解反应活化能为180.41kJ/mol,计算得指前因子为2.68×10~(10)s~(-1);采用Coast-Redfern法和Criado法研究了PBT的固相热分解反应机理,认为PBT的热分解机理属于相边界控制的收缩圆柱体反应机理,反应级数为0.5。     

高氯酸[四氨·双(5-硝基四唑)]合钴(Ⅲ)的热分解性能

利用DSC法研究了高氯酸[四氨·双(5-硝基四唑)]合钴(Ⅲ)(BNCP)的热分解性能,并与苯并三氧化呋咱(BTF)和超细六硝基艹氐(HNS-Ⅳ)的热分解性能进行了比较,用Kissinger法和Ozawa法得到了BNCP、BTF、HNS-Ⅳ热分解反应动力学参数.在10 ℃/min的升温速率下,BNCP的分解峰温为289.6 ℃,比BTF高25.4 ℃,其分解热焓在3者中最大.VST、TG研究表明,BNCP在100 ℃以下具有良好的热安定性.Kissinger法得到的BNCP分解表观活化能为178.3 kJ/mol,比BTF和 HNS-Ⅳ分别低46.4 kJ/mol和43.1 kJ/mol;而用Ozawa法得到的BNCP分解表观活化能为187.5 kJ/mol,比BTF和HNS-Ⅳ分别低约33.8、32.8 kJ/mol.     

新型双马来酰亚胺改性环氧树脂体系性能研究

用含二氮杂萘联苯结构的双马来酰亚胺(DHPZ-BM I)与4,4'-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)为复合固化剂固化环氧树脂(E-51)。采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了该体系的固化反应动力学,求得固化反应表观活化能Ea=63.28 kJ/mol,碰撞因子A=1.55×106s-1,反应级数n=0.89,该体系与链延长型双马来酰亚胺PPEK-BM I(DP=15)/DDS/E-51体系的固化反应动力学数据几乎相同,证明二者的固化反应过程相同。采用热失重分析仪(TGA)分析研究了上述2种固化体系的热分解动力学,前者的热分解活化能达215.04 kJ/mol,为后者的1.5倍以上,说明DHPZ-BM I/DDS/E-51是1种热稳定性能良好的耐高温环氧树脂体系。     

笼型环氧GM-POSS改性双酚-A环氧树脂的固化动力学与热性能

为降低笼型倍半硅氧烷环氧树脂的官能度,合成了一种含有部分甲基的笼型倍半硅氧烷环氧树脂(GM-POSS),其结构以六面体的T8结构为主.用DSC、TG、TBA和x-射线能谱仪研究了GM-POSS/双酚-A环氧共混物与甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA)的固化性能及热性能.结果表明2种环氧可共同固化,固化反应的平均活化能Ea为71.10 kJ/mol,反应级数为一级;固化树脂的玻璃化转变温度、热分解温度及热残余量均随GM-POSS加入量的增加而升高.     

石墨双炔/RDX复合物的热分解性能

为探究石墨双炔(GDY)对RDX热分解性能的影响,采用液相法制备出GDY,对其进行扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、热重(TG)、红外(IR)表征;采用物理混合法将不同质量分数的GDY与环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)复合,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试其热行为,并用Kissinger和Ozawa法进行动力学计算;用热重/红外/质谱联用仪(TG/IR/MS)研究GDY质量分数为5%的复合样品的热分解机理;根据GJB772A-97,采用DSC法进行相容性分析;从热分解峰温和活化能角度,比较了不同炭材料对RDX热分解的影响。结果表明,升温速率10℃/min、GDY质量分数为5%时,RDX热分解峰温升高2.97℃,活化能降低10.75kJ/mol; TG/IR/MS研究表明,加入GDY后,主要气体产物种类没有发生改变,但是CH_2O和N_2O气体产物在较低的温度下即会产生,表明GDY的加入能够促进C—N键的断裂,从而促进RDX的热分解;相容性测试表明GDY与RDX不相容;相比纯RDX,石墨烯和多壁碳纳米管(CNT)使RDX的热分解活化能分别降低59.76kJ/mol和25.6kJ/mol,降低程度高于GDY,而富勒烯(C_(60))则使RDX的活化能升高37.17kJ/mol。     

聚酰胺66纤维的热稳定性研究

采用热重分析(TG)和热裂解气质联用(Py-GC/MS)方法研究了聚酰胺66纤维的热稳定性和热裂解机制。结果表明:聚酰胺66纤维在氮气气氛中的热分解过程为一步反应,热分解活化能为186.4 kJ/mol,470℃以上可完全分解,热稳定性良好。聚酰胺66纤维的热裂解产物主要是环戊酮,峰面积百分比达24.27%。     

酚酞聚芳醚砜/灌流硅胶微球复合材料的耐热性能研究

利用热重分析仪对PES-C/PSM复合材料的耐热性能进行分析,并以Kissinger法研究其热分解动力学,计算热分解表观活化能Ea。结果表明,在空气氛下复合材料的热分解温度随PSM含量的增大而升高,且当PSM的含量提高至1.0%,复合材料的热分解结束温度提高了41.29℃。复合材料的表观热降解活化能随PSM含量的增加而增大,与纯PES-C(Ea_(PES-C)=241 kJ/mol)相比,当PSM含量为1.0%时,PES-C/PSM复合材料的活化能为264.76 kJ/mol,较纯PES-C提高了9.86%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。