超临界流体干燥法制备TiO2/ Fe2O3 和TiO2/ Fe2O3/ SiO2 复合纳米粒子及光催化性能

以TiCl₄ 、Fe (NO₃ )₃·9H₂O 和Na₂SiO₃19H₂O 为原料, 采用溶胶凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法(SCFD)制备了纳米级TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 和TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃/ SiO₂ 复合光催化剂。以光催化降解苯酚对所得催化剂的催化活性进行了评价。结果表明, 纳米TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 复合粒子与单组分TiO₂ 比较, 复合粒子光催化活性高于单组分的TiO₂, 6h 苯酚降解率高达95.9 %。SiO₂ 的加入可以抑制纳米粒子粒径的长大和晶相的转变, 增强TiO₂ 纳米粒子的热稳定性。复合光催化剂中Fe₂O₃ 最佳掺入量为0.06 %, SiO₂ 最佳掺入量为10 %(摩尔分数) 。并用XRD、TEM 和FTIR 等手段进行了表征。TiO₂ 以锐钛矿型形式存在, SiO₂ 以无定性形式存在。比较了不同制备方法制得的TiO₂/ Fe₂O₃ 复合光催化剂, 得出超临界干燥法制备的光催化剂具有粒径小、比表面积大、分散性好、光催化活性高等特点。采用超临界流体干燥可直接得锐钛型纳米复合光催化剂。     

氧化硅-磁性Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的制备及应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法通过正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）碱催化水解,在Fe₃O₄纳米粒子表面包裹氧化硅。利用生物倒置显微镜、场发射透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、激光粒度仪、振动样品磁强计对氧化硅/Fe₃O₄复合粒子的外貌、粒径及粒径分布、饱和磁化强度、化学成分进行了表征。结果表明,所制得的复合粒子性能良好,粒径在15 nm左右,饱和磁化强度为109 emu/g。用该磁性纳米复合粒子提取质粒DNA和基因组DNA取得良好的效果,可用于食品中致病菌的分析判定和疾病的基因诊断分析。     

Al2O3颗粒粒径和含量对α-Al2O3/Cu复合镀层性能的影响

本文研究了复合电沉积法制备的α-Al₂O₃/Cu 复合材料的性能和磨损特征, 测定了Al₂O₃粒径在0. 5～ 5Lm, 含量在4～ 16% 时Al₂O₃/Cu 复合镀层的硬度和磨损率, 用扫描电镜对磨损形貌进行了分析, 并对其磨损机制进行了探讨。结果表明, 镀层中硬度随Al₂O₃含量增加呈线性增长, 且含大颗粒Al₂O₃镀层的硬度略高于小颗粒镀层,Al₂O₃颗粒含量和粒径大小对磨损率和磨损机制有显著影响。     

烧成温度对Al2O3/Ni复合材料的致密化、物相组成和显微结构的影响

首先采用非均相沉淀合成出Ni包裹Al₂O₃粉体,然后热压烧结包裹粉体制备了Al₂O₃/Ni复合材料。本文作者主要研究了不同烧成温度对复合材料致密化、物相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明:在1400℃保温1h,烧结体获得了最大相对密度,而致密度随Ni含量的增加反而降低;高于1350℃时,除Al₂O₃和Ni相外,在烧结体的表层生成一种由Al,Ni,O,C四种元素组成的新相;随着温度的升高,包裹层的纳米Ni颗粒聚合、长大,并退缩至三角晶界处,在适当的烧结温度(1400℃),少数小的纳米Ni颗粒被卷入Al₂O₃晶内,大的位于三角晶界,当烧成温度为1450℃时,不仅观察到Al₂O₃/Ni界面存在空隙,也发现了Al₂O₃晶粒异常长大现象。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒增强新型铜基自润滑复合材料

以Cu-Ni-Y₂O₃-MoS₂-Graphite混合粉为基体,加入质量分数分别为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%的纳米Al₂O₃增强相,采用粉末冶金方法制备纳米Al₂O₃增强新型铜基自润滑复合材料。结果表明：随着铜合金粉末中纳米Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加 , 所制备自润滑复合材料样品的密度下降,但硬度和压溃强度先上升后下降,在Al₂O₃含量为2%时硬度从HV 23.7增加到HV 35.1,压溃强度从189 MPa提高到276 MPa。由石墨和MoS₂组成的混合固体自润滑材料的摩擦系数小且稳定,约0.12。Al₂O₃质量分数为2%的样品磨损量最小,是未加Al₂O₃试样磨损量的1/7～1/8。铜基体经过镍、纳米Al₂O₃等弥散颗粒强化和固体润滑相石墨和MoS₂的加入,所制备的材料已具有一定的自润滑性能。     

非均相沉淀法制备纳米α-Al2O3/金属复合粉体

利用非均相沉淀法制备了平均粒径小于50 nm的α-Al₂O₃/W(Ni)复合粉体,并研究对比了纳米钨和镍对α-Al₂O₃相转变温度的影响。结果表明:纳米钨和镍的存在均可降低过渡型氧化铝向α型氧化铝转变的相变温度,但降低程度有所不同,含钨氧化铝于1000℃完成相变,而含镍氧化铝于1150℃完成相变;并且纳米第二相体积比越大,对相变温度的影响也越大。     

Al2O3颗粒增强纯铝基复合材料的研究

本文探讨了用粉末冶金法,采用常规的冶金加工设备和工艺,制造Al₂O₃颗粒增强纯铝基复合材料的可行性。研究了不同Al₂O₃体积含量复合材料的显微组织及力学性能。初步试验了二次热挤压变形对颗粒分布和对基体强化的影响。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒与纯铝粉混合,加压烧结制备的复合材料,组织致密,颗粒分布均匀,随Al₂O₃含量增加,复合材料强度、硬度及弹性模量大大提高,Al₂O₃含量小于10%时,塑性不降低。二次热挤压有助于提高颗粒分布的均匀性;并使基体显著强化。     

纳米-Al2O3/SiO2加入量对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2复相陶瓷烧结机理的影响

为了探究纳米-Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量对MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂复相陶瓷烧结行为的作用机理。以微米级MgO、纳米级Al₂O₃和SiO₂为主要原料制备陶瓷基复合材料。通过XRD和 SEM等检测手段对烧后试样的物相组成和微观结构进行测试与表征,重点研究Al₂O₃/SiO₂的加入对复相陶瓷物相组成、微观结构及烧结性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量的增大,试样烧后相对密度和烧后线变化率呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,加入15%Al₂O₃/SiO₂(质量分数)的试样经1 500 ℃烧结后,其相对密度可以达到94%。引入的Al₂O₃/SiO₂与基体中的MgO生成镁铝尖晶石与镁橄榄石相,原位反应伴随的体积膨胀,抵消部分烧结过程中的体积收缩。Al₂O₃/SiO₂加入量为75%(质量分数)的试样经1 400 ℃烧结后,基体中有大量堇青石相生成,随着煅烧温度提高到1 500 ℃,堇青石分解所产生的高温液相促进了试样的烧结收缩。     

片状Al2O3对Al2O3/FEP复合材料热导率的影响

通过混炼工艺制备了片状Al₂O₃填充聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)复合材料,以颗粒状Al₂O₃为对比样品,研究了片状Al₂O₃形状和尺寸对 FEP基复合材料热导率的影响,利用SEM观察了FEP基复合材料的微观形貌。结果表明：在低填充量下,Al₂O₃颗粒在FEP基体中呈“海岛”状分布,没有形成连续的导热网链,但其热导率明显提高;复合材料拉伸强度与断裂伸长率随Al₂O₃含量的增加而减小;低填充量时复合材料热导率的提高主要来自Al₂O₃的微细片状结构,这种微细片状结构一方面提高了有效导热路径,另一方面增加了颗粒与基体之间接触面积,因此有利于热导率的提高。     

ZrO2在β"─Al2O3复合陶瓷中的作用

本文研究了四方和立方ZrO₂在与Na-β"-Al₂O₃的复合陶瓷中作为第二相所起的各种作用。结果说明ZrO₂对复合陶瓷具有细化晶粒、改善显微结构、提高强度和断裂韧性的作用,与此同时也在一定程度上降低离子电导率。在提高力学性能方面,四方ZrO₂除了具有与立方ZrO₂相同的弥散颗粒的作用外,相变所起的作用也是很显着的。ZrO₂-Na-β"-Al₂O₃复合陶瓷是一种有应用价值的固体电解质材料。     

Ni doped Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles

In this work, the effect of nickel doping on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is analysed. Ni(x)Fe(3-x)O4 nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.11) were obtained by chemical co-precipitation method, starting from a mixture of FeCl2 x 4H2O and Ni(AcO)2 x 4H2O salts. The analysis of the structure and composition of the synthesized nanoparticles confirms their nanometer size (main sizes around 10 nm) and the inclusion of the Ni atoms in the characteristic spinel structure of the magnetite Fe3O4 phase. In order to characterize in detail the structure of the samples, X-ray absorption (XANES) measurements were performed on the Ni and Fe K-edges. The results indicate the oxidation of the Ni atoms to the 2+ state and the location of the Ni2+ cations in the Fe2+ octahedral sites. With respect to the magnetic properties, the samples display the characteristic superparamagnetic behaviour, with anhysteretic magnetic response at room temperature. The estimated magnetic moment confirms the partial substitution of the Fe2+ cations by Ni2+ atoms in the octahedral sites of the spinel structure.     

（Fe,Ni）_4N包覆（Fe,Ni）纳米复合粒子的微波吸收特性

以直流电弧等离子体法制备（Fe,Ni）的纳米粒子为前驱体,分别在350℃、400℃和450℃的氨气气氛中,通过热氨解反应合成（Fe,Ni）_4N包覆（Fe,Ni）纳米复合粒子。应用XRD,TEM,VSM,微波矢量网络分析仪对纳米粒子相成分、形貌、磁性和电磁参数进行了分析。结果表明,形成了（Fe,Ni）_4N包覆（Fe,...     

Preparation and characterization of Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid bearing poly(methacrylic acid) coated superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles

Stable superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation in the presence of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) in aqueous solution. The polymer coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. These measurements reveal the presence of magnetite nanoparticles with a size of approximately 8 nm inside the PMAA matrix. The magnetization value of these superparamagnetic nanoparticles at room temperarure and 7 T was measured as about 40 emu/g. PMAA-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were further assembled with Ni-chelate through a reaction between a primary amine-bearing NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) ligand and carboxy-functional groups of PMAA. NTA-PMAA-coated magnetite nanoparticles were then loaded with nickel ions and characterized using FTIR. The average amount of binded Ni on the surface of the NTA-modified PMAA coated Fe3O4 was calculated as 1.65 +/- 0.3 x 10(-6) mol nickel(II) ions per g of the magnetic particles from the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurements.     

Magnetic ferrite/carbonized cotton fiber composites for improving electromagnetic absorption properties at gigahertz frequencies

Ferrite/carbon composited materials,especially the bio-derived composited materials possessing both environmental friendliness and outstanding microwave absorption performance,attract numerous attentions for solving the"electromagnetic problem"in the Gigahertz frequency range.In this work,we demonstrate a bio-derived ferrite/carbon material by compositing functional carbonized cotton fibers(CCFs)and Fe3O4 nanoparticles with optimized microwave-absorption properties.By adjusting the carbonization conditions systematically,the Fe3O4 loading contents and the microwave absorption properties can be varied simultaneously-and,indeed,optimized and tuned.The CCFs-Fe3O4 composites exhibited a minimum reflection-loss capacity RL(dB)of-56.8 dB at 10.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.67 mm,and its effective absorption bandwidth(RL(dB)＜-20 dB)was found to broaden to 7.1 GHz.Electromagnetic characterizations,coupled with microstructure analyses,revealed that the enhancement in microwave absorption was triggered by the different microstructures of CCFs-Fe3O4 composites-attributable to the different carbonization processes.These different conditions result in different amounts of Fe3O4 attachment sites and lead to the enhancement of dielectric polarization at localized microstructures.The present work of bio-derived ferrite/carbon materials has important implications in understanding structure-performance relationships in dielectric-magnetic materials,and,meanwhile,could well be extended to a microwave-absorber design approach.     

The enhanced microwave absorption property of CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles coated with a Co(3)Fe(7)-Co nanoshell by thermal reduction

CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles were fabricated by a sol-gel method and then were coated with Co(3)Fe(7)-Co by means of a simple reduction process at different temperatures under 2% H(2) with the protection of argon to generate the dielectric-core/metallic-shell structure. The optimum reflection loss (RL) calculated from permittivity and permeability of the 80 wt% CoFe(2)O(4)/Co(3)Fe(7)-Co and 20 wt% epoxy resin composites reached - 34.4 dB, which was much lower than that of unreduced CoFe(2)O(4) and epoxy resin composites, at 2.4 GHz with a matching thickness of 4.0 mm. Moreover the RL exceeding - 10 dB in the maximum frequency range of 2.2-16 GHz was achieved for a thickness of composites of 1.0-4.5 mm with 600?°C thermal reduction process. The improved microwave absorption properties are a consequence of a proper electromagnetic match and the enhanced magnetic loss besides its dielectric loss due to the existence of the core/shell structure in CoFe(2)O(4) composites. Thus, the reductive CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles have great potential for being a highly efficient microwave absorber.     

微波辐射乳液聚合制备聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯磁性微球

通过化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,再用油酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对Fe3O4进行改性,制得稳定的水基磁流体。在自制的磁流体存在下,以氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(BCA)为单体,用微波辐射乳液聚合的方法制备了Fe3O4/聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯磁性微球。并用X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR),振动样品磁强计(VSM)对制备的磁性高分子微球的结构形貌和磁性能进行表征测试。结果表明,在适当的pH值条件下,得到了粒径为150 nm~200 nm,饱和磁化强度为20.23 emμ/g,粒径均一的聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯磁性微球。     

微波多元醇法制备单分散Ni1-xZnxFe2O4/MWCNTs与磁性能

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为模板,三乙二醇(TREG)为溶剂,采用微波多元醇法制备MWC-NTs负载组成可控的Ni1-xZnxFe2O4(x=0.4、0.5、0.6)纳米复合材料Ni1-xZnxFe2O4/MWCNTs。其结构和形貌通过XRD、SEM、TEM和EDX进行表征,用VSM测试样品的磁性,并探讨了微波功率、微波时间对镍锌铁氧体负载的影响。结果表明立方系尖晶石结构的单分散Ni1-xZnxFe2O4磁性纳米粒子均匀负载在碳纳米管表面,平均粒径约为6nm;其磁性能与镍锌铁氧体的组成有关,随着Zn含量的增加,饱和磁化强度(Ms)先增大后减小,当x=0.5时Ms达到最大值。矫顽力(Hc)都比较小,在室温下表现为超顺磁性。     

酞菁镍与Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的复合机理及复合粒子的结构模型

分析了酞菁镍 (Ni Pc)与 Fe3O4纳米粒子的复合过程 ,提出了其复合机理。研究并建立了 Ni Pc- Fe3O4纳米复合粒子的结构模型     

树脂基Fe纳米粒子及碳纤维复合吸波平板的制备与性能

以Fe纳米粒子(Fe NPs)为吸波剂,偶联剂KH550为表面改性剂,碳纤维(CFs)作为增强及电磁波反射相,环氧树脂(ER)作为基体,制备多种吸波平板并对其综合性能及相关机制进行研究。结果表明:平板的吸波性能随Fe NPs和CFs含量的增加而提高,吸收剂浓度梯度分布有助于形成特定频段的共振吸收;平板对电磁波损耗具有明显的各向异性,表现为CFs垂直电磁波入射方向时性能优于平行情况,当Fe NPs的含量为30%(质量分数,下同),CFs为5.52%,板厚为4.56mm时,最小反射损耗为-26.8dB(4.9GHz);同时,CFs可改善平板的抗弯性能,当Fe NPs为30%时,弯曲强度相比于纯树脂时仅降低了5.81%。     

酞菁镍与Fe3O4纳米粒子的复合机理及复合粒子的结构模型

分析了酞菁镍(NiPc)与Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的复合过程,提出了其复合机理。研究并建立了NiPc-Fe₃O₄纳米复合粒子的结构模型。