基于类树形结构载荷路径的柔性机翼前缘优化设计

根据柔性机翼前缘的变形要求,以离散体结构拓扑优化为出发点,以实际位移与目标位移之间的偏差为目标,建立目标优化函数。采用类树形结构的载荷路径建立初始构形,利用遗传算法(GA)进行结构拓扑优化,并结合拓扑结构优化结果进行二次优化,获得更优解。通过ANSYS仿真分析,结果表明该方法是可行的。     

平面三自由度柔顺机构构型设计与性能分析

采用并联原型机构微分雅克比矩阵与实体各向同性材料惩罚函数法(Solid isotropic material with penalization, SIMP)相结合的拓扑优化方法,以柔度最小和低阶模态频率最大为多设计目标,建立平面三自由度柔顺机构拓扑优化模型实现拓扑优化。以拓扑优化得到的模型边界为形状优化为设计变量,对拓扑优化模型应力与末端位移约束为优化目标进行二次优化。采用增材制造方法3D打印技术对平面三自由度柔顺机构拓扑构型进行加工,并采用雷尼绍双频激光干涉仪进行测量与数据采集。实验与有限元仿真对比结果表明:采用多目标拓扑优化和形状优化组合形成二次优化,运用二次优化方法设计得到的平面三自由度柔顺并联机构,在满足机构具有很好的整体刚度要求下,拥有很高的低阶模态频率实现振动拟制,而且能够实现微纳尺度位移运动特性。     

基于多点驱动式柔性机构的变形翼后缘拓扑优化

机翼翼型由特定飞行条件设计获得,其在各工况下的气动效率皆优问题亟待解决。研究变形翼柔性后缘机构,使其在连续光滑变形前提下,最大程度满足气动最优所需变形范围。采用变密度法拓扑优化方法,以某翼型实际位移与目标位移之间的最小平方差为优化目标函数,通过遗传算法优化确定柔性后缘多点驱动载荷作用位置,建立柔性后缘综合优化模型并采用移动渐近法求解。最后应用Ansys软件仿真对优化设计结果进行检验,表明该变形翼柔性后缘能够实现要求的连续变形,验证了优化设计方法的有效性。     

某无人机柔性机翼后缘变形机构的拓扑优化

以某型号的机翼后缘为研究背景,通过采用拓扑优化的方法,设计一种柔性后缘机构来达到减轻质量和实现其自适应变形的目的.以实际位移与目标位移之间的偏差为目标函数,表面所受到的分布载荷为约束,通过SIMP(密度刚度插值)法来建立拓扑机构优化模型,用OC(优化准则)法来求解模型.采用Matlab进行优化计算,然后用Pro/E把优化的结果转化成三维实体模型,并导入到ANSYS中进行验证分析,得到了可实现0～10.8°变形的柔性后缘机构,能够满足无人机从初始状态变化到气动效率最高状态的要求.     

集装箱吊架结构优化设计

采用拓扑优化、形状优化和尺寸优化对集装箱吊架进行优化设计。首先利用基于变密度法的拓扑优化,以柔度最小为优化目标,体积分数作为约束条件,得到设计空间内最优的材料分布路径。然后根据得到的拓扑结构重新设计,并在局部再一次进行拓扑优化,改善局部的拓扑结构。利用最终得到的吊架的拓扑结构建立新的有限元模型,综合运用形状优化和尺寸优化;以质量最小为优化目标,吊架的刚度和强度为约束条件,实现吊架的减重。通过综合三种优化方法,不仅提高了吊架的性能,而且大大降低了吊架的质量。     

三平移全柔性并联机构多目标拓扑优化设计

为满足精密定位和微纳制造领域对全柔性并联机构构型设计的需求,基于三平移并联机构原型,采用多目标拓扑优化理论,得到了一种结构配置较佳的新型全柔性并联机构。首先,基于单目标的柔度优化模型和固有频率优化模型,运用线性加权法建立了机构的多目标拓扑优化模型。然后,基于HyperWorks/OptiStruct软件和优化准则算法对机构进行拓扑优化设计,得到了拓扑优化后的新型全柔性并联机构。最后,通过HyperMesh软件对拓扑优化前后的机构进行静力学分析和模态分析,从而验证了多目标拓扑优化设计的有效性。     

多相材料机翼前缘柔性机构拓扑优化设计

为了实现机翼前缘连续变形及结构轻量化,利用多相材料进行了柔性机翼前缘结构的设计。在轮换主动相变量算法的基础上,以选定前缘初始曲线上9个坐标点的实际位移和目标位移的偏差为目标函数,各相材料的体积分数作为约束,建立多相材料柔性机构拓扑优化模型,采用OC优化准则法进行求解。编写MATLAB程序,计算得到了清晰的两相实体材料前缘结构优化结果。利用CATIA软件对优化结果进行几何模型重构,并将重构后的模型导入HyperWorks软件进行仿真分析,结果表明多相材料机翼前缘柔性机构能够实现最大9.1°的连续偏转。     

基于载荷路径法的柔性机翼前缘拓扑优化

基于遗传算法,引入无固定初始网格的载荷路径法对某机翼前缘进行拓扑结构优化,并对结果进行ANSYS仿真.在相同条件下使用初始网格固定的基结构法对同一问题进行拓扑结构优化.通过对两种方法优化所得的柔性结构变形结果进行对比分析,说明载荷路径法用于柔性机构拓扑优化的优势.     

连续体结构综合优化设计

以连续体为对象的优化解法所求得的优化结果,经常只是反映最佳传力途径的具有锯齿状边界的某个区域。基于此,将拓扑优化、形状优化、有限元分析和计算机辅助几何设计有机地集成在一起,提出一种基于隐含边界描述的水平集连续体结构拓扑和形状渐进综合优化设计方法,将形状导数与拉格朗日乘子法引入到优化敏度分析中,控制水平集函数的动态运动,从而间接地实现结构边界的动态演化;用B样条曲线曲面逼近拓扑优化后的结构体边界,将前一优化过程所得到的反映传力途径的概念解上升为具有光顺边界,并被参数化了的物理解;在形状优化中,设计变量定义为B样条曲线或曲面的控制顶点的运动,建立边界节点移动速度场计算方法和边界形状调整方法,寻求较快的搜索方向,以合理速度分布,使结构变为最佳。通过一个典型算例证明所研究方法的有效性。     

水平定向钻机扩孔器最优形状的研究

为优化水平定向钻扩孔器的形状以及尺寸,建立了扩孔器形状优化的数学模型。采用轴对称数值方法,将三维模型转化为二维模型,再采用弹性体边界元边界方法,精确计算扩孔器端面的扩张应力,在此基础上求得扩孔器工作过程中所受的阻力和阻力矩,并通过遗传算法,以阻力和阻力矩最小为优化目标函数,对扩孔器的形状、尺寸进行优化。优化结果表明:优化后的较之传统设计形状在阻力和阻力矩上有大幅度降低。     

平面轨迹输出柔顺机构的形状优化

2自由度平面柔顺机构具备工作空间,可以作为微动机器人载体,通过控制两个独立输入实现可控的平面运动轨迹输出。为改善设计方案的可加工性,研究该柔顺机构拓扑图轮廓提取后的形状优化问题。将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式,基于拓扑学连通性原理,提出机构区域连通性判定条件,构造窗口平移扫描式机构结点搜索算法,获得设计区域内的柔顺机构结点,在此基础上,建立杆件搜索算法,找出各杆件,实现对柔顺机构的轮廓抽象。对轮廓抽象后的柔顺机构进行轮廓重构,将其轮廓表示为简单曲线的拼接,以曲线参数作为优化变量,通过敏度分析提取关键尺寸,以柔顺机构实际输出和期望输出间的误差作为目标函数,建立轮廓曲线尺寸优化模型,得到柔顺机构的最优轮廓,从而在保持柔顺机构输出性能的前提下明显改善设计方案的可加工性。算例验证了所提形状优化方法的有效性。     

Conceptual design of compliant mechanisms using level set method

We propose a level set method-based framework for the conceptual design of compliant mechanisms. In this method, the compliant mechanism design problem is recast as an infinite dimensional optimization problem, where the design variable is the geometric shape of the compliant mechanism and the goal is to find a suitable shape in the admissible design space so that the objective functional can reach a minimum. The geometric shape of the compliant mechanism is represented as the zero level set of a one-higher dimensional level set function, and the dynamic variations of the shape are governed by the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation. The application of level set methods endows the optimization process with the particular quality that topological changes of the boundary, such as merging or splitting, can be handled in a natural fashion. By making a connection between the velocity field in the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation with the shape gradient of the objective functional, we go further to transform the optimization problem into that of finding a steady-state solution of the partial differential equation. Besides the above-mentioned methodological issues, some numerical examples together with prototypes are presented to validate the performance of the method.     

Spring-joint method for topology optimization of planar passive compliant mechanisms

There is seldom approach developed for the initial topology design of flexure-based compliant mechanisms. The most commonly-used approaches, which start with an existing rigid-body mechanism, do not consider the performances between different topologies. Moreover, they rely heavily on the rigid-body topology, therefore limit the diversity of compliant mechanisms topology. To obtain the optimal initial topology of such mechanisms directly from problem specifications without referencing to the existing mechanism topologies, a spring-joint method is presented for a restricted class of the serial passive flexure-based compliant mechanisms, which are the building blocks of parallel compliant mechanisms. The topology of the compliant mechanisms is represented by a serial spring-joint mechanism（SSJM） that is a traditional rigid-body mechanism with a torsional spring acting on each joint, and is described by position vectors of the spring-joints. A simplified compliance matrix, determined by the position vectors, is used to characterize the tip of the SSJM kinematically, and is optimized to ensure the desired freedoms of the compliant mechanisms during optimization. The topology optimization problem is formulated as finding out the optimal position of the spring-joints in a blank design domain with an objective function derived from the simplified compliance matrix. In design examples, syntheses of the compliant mechanisms with both single freedom and two decoupled freedoms are presented to illustrate the proposed method. The proposed method provides a new way for the initial design of flexure-based compliant mechanisms.     

二维微执行器几何非线性拓扑优化设计与试验

多自由度柔顺机构在微动精密定位和精密操作等领域有广泛的应用,并且柔顺机构拓扑优化后所得机构都是锯齿状跳跃边界的几何图像,不能直接应用于工程实际,因而对多自由度柔顺机构拓扑优化、提取与试验研究就显得十分必要。基于此,以二维微执行器为例,进行多自由度柔顺机构几何非线性拓扑优化、拓扑图提取与试验研究。首先,给出了考虑耦合抑制输出的多输入多输出柔顺机构几何非线性拓扑优化数学模型及优化算法。其次,针对柔顺机构性能特点,给出了一种拓扑提取方法。提取过程包括灰度图像二值化、密度等值线方法边界近似和曲线重构三个部分。最后,以二维微执行器为基础,采用线切割加工工艺,研制了二维微执行器原型,并对其位移性能进行了试验测试,结果表明,该二维微执行器试验结果与理论分析结果基本吻合,达到了设计要求,同时也验证了所提方法的有效性。     

拓扑优化技术在机翼前缘设计中的应用

针对柔性机构实现机翼前缘变形问题,应用连续体拓扑优化技术,以实际位移与目标位移之间的偏差为目标函数,材料用量和屈服应力为约束,并考虑到机翼表面受载荷约束等实际情况,建立SIMP(solid isotropic material with penalization)密度刚度插值的拓扑优化模型。分别采用Mat-lab及Ansys软件对柔性机构优化设计和仿真分析,并最终进行了铝合金实物模型形变实验。研究结果显示:机翼前缘断面模型在0~1 N/mm均布外载约束下,可实现0~6.7°理想的机翼前缘变形。     

Optimal design and development of a 2-DOF PKM-based machine tool

This paper presents multiobjective optimization of a typical 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel kinematic machine (PKM) tool that has only single DOF joints. Nondimensional indices, namely global stiffness index (GSI), global conditioning index (GCI), and workspace index, are considered as the objectives for optimization. The indices GSI and GCI depict the variation of stiffness and dexterity of PKM within the workspace. The leg length and distance between two rails on which actuators slide are treated as design variables as these greatly influence the characteristics of PKM. A multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) approach is implemented in MATLAB to find an efficient solution to this complex optimization problem. Fitness function includes inverse kinematics equations, Jacobian and stiffness matrices to compute and optimize the nondimensional indices. First, the optimal value of each index is obtained by single-objective GA. To further improve the results, a hybrid function PATTERNSEARCH is used. This helps to select appropriate boundary conditions for MOGA. To obtain the optimal values of all the three indices, a multiobjective GA is carried out. The results are compared with a conventional exhaustive search method of optimization. The obtained results show that the use of MOGA enhances the quality of the optimization outcome. Secondly, a prototype has been designed and developed with the optimal dimensions. The actual workspace of the PKM and influence of leg collision on the workspace are studied. Finally, a preliminary experimentation was carried out. A comparison between PKM and the three-axis serial kinematic machine tool is presented.     

基于多目标拓扑优化的全柔顺并联机构构型固有振动频率研究

为有效抑制随机振动对超精密定位与加工装备性能的影响,提高本体机构的固有响应频率,提出了基于多目标拓扑优化的全柔顺并联机构构型设计方法。基于折衷规划法和平均频率法定义了多目标优化函数,并以体积分数为约束条件,建立了全柔顺并联机构SIMP拓扑优化模型。基于Optistruct软件及优化准则算法,并结合微分矢量同构映射雅可比矩阵,实现了全柔顺并联机构构型多目标拓扑优化设计。研究结果表明：所设计出的3-PRR型全柔顺并联机构与并联原型机构具有微分运动一致性,且优化过程中的频率交叉振荡明显减弱并趋于收敛。     

基于水平集方法和von Mises应力的结构拓扑优化

结合水平集方法和形状灵敏度分析，用梯度法实现柔性目标函数的结构拓扑优化设计。该方法通过基于隐含表示边界的水平集方程推动几何边界，引入von Mises应力准则作为产生拓扑结构的策略。给出了多孔结构初始化和没有初始化情况的算例，根据von Mises应力的大小开孔，产生新的拓扑结构。算例结果表明，根据von Mises应力的大小产生新拓扑的方法消除了拓扑优化结果对网格和初始拓扑结构猜测的依赖性，同时也弥补了水平集方法不能开孔的缺点。