使用基频电流注入的感应电机无速传感器驱动

该文结合基频电流注入新策略与磁链估计方法对感应电动机提出了一种无速度传感器控制策略.在电机低速区域,通过在d轴注入基频定子电流以及使用信号处理方法实现转子磁链位置估计.在高速区域,基于定子电压和电流信息通过转子磁链估计方法推算出转子磁链位置.基于转子磁场定向控制的系统实验结果验证了该方案的正确性.     

直接转矩控制永磁同步发电机相位自校正型定子磁链观测器

直接转矩控制永磁同步发电具有电磁转矩和直流电压输出动态响应快等优点,但这些优点的实现需要准确的定子磁链。实际发电机参数在一定范围内随工作点变化而变化,这就要求定子磁链观测器对这些参数变化具有很强的鲁棒抑制特性。该文提出一种新型定子磁链观测器,该观测器借助有效磁链概念计算出转子磁极位置角观测值,基于此将定子磁链电压模型和电流模型联系起来,无需转子速度信息;为了进一步降低观测的定子磁链相位误差,将观测的定子电流矢量与实际定子电流矢量乘积结果送给PI调节器,利用PI输出值对转子位置角观测值进行校正。实验结果表明,采用该文提出的定子磁链观测器在无需转子速度及参数辨识情况下,对电机参数变化及模拟量采样误差具有很强的鲁棒抑制特性,可以获得准确的磁链观测值,实现电磁转矩和直流发电电压的快速而平稳控制。     

基于自适应观测器的感应电机转速估计方法研究

介绍了一种能在线补偿定转子电阻的基于自适应观测器的感应电机转速估计方法.该转速估计方法只需检测定子电压电流作为输入,利用观测器观测出转子磁链和定子电流,并利用定子电流误差和转子磁链观测值辨识出转速、定子电阻和转子电阻,并反馈于观测器,确保电机转速估计对参数变化的鲁棒性.仿真及实验结果表明,此方法估计的速度能应用于无速度传感器矢量控制系统,并具有较好的辨识精度和鲁棒性.     

Speed sensorless torque control of an IPMSM drive with online stator resistance estimation using reduced order EKF

Speed sensorless control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on direct torque control (DTC) is proposed in this paper. The rotor speed and position of the IPMSM are estimated based on an active flux concept, where, the active flux vector position is identical to the rotor position. The proposed algorithm does not require neither high frequency injection signal nor complicated schemes even at vary low speed operation. Torque/ flux sliding mode controller (SMC) combined with space vector modulation is proposed to improve the performance of the classical DTC. Stator resistance value is required for a stator flux and electromagnetic torque estimation. Its variation due to temperature or frequency degrades the scheme performance, especially, at low speed operation. To overcome this problem, a reduced order extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed to update online the stator resistance. The advantages of the direct torque control, sliding mode controller, and speed sensorless control are incorporated in the proposed scheme. Simulation works are carried out to show the ability of the proposed scheme at different operating conditions. The results demonstrate the activity of the scheme at wide range speed operation with load disturbance and parameters variation.     

一种新颖的永磁同步电动机无位置传感器技术

无位置传感器技术是永磁同步电动机调速系统的一个发展方向.本文剖析了已有的两种典型直接估算方法,提出了一种新颖的无位置传感器技术.通过分别计算出定子磁链矢量角位移与转矩角,将后者从前者中减去得到转子磁链矢量的角位移进而得到转子速度信号,并采用改进积分器取代传统的积分器.该技术能有效地改善磁链原点漂移,提高直接转矩控制系统的磁链角位移与转速的求解准确度.仿真及实验研究结果表明,采用这种无位置传感器技术的永磁同步电动机调速系统,具有良好的调速控制性能.     

应用特征谐波消除改进脉振高频电压注入法

针对永磁同步电机无位置传感器矢量控制中传统脉振高频电压注入法存在的估算角度滞后、与中高速无位置传感器控制技术切换困难等问题提出改进方法。引入特征谐波消除的方式取代低通滤波器,同时充分考虑定子电阻对位置估算的影响,修改误差矫正项以减小估算误差,并给出了改进后的脉振高频电压注入法的完整实现方式。应用特征谐波消除的方式得到误差校正项,估算的转子位置更加精确,用特征谐波消除的方式去除高频电流信号,不会引起电流畸变和相位滞后。用改进算法得到的转子位置及转速作为反馈对电机进行闭环控制,可以改善电机低速下的动态特性。仿真分析和实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Sensorless drive of surface-mounted permanent-magnet motor by high-frequency signal injection based on magnetic saliency

This paper presents a new sensorless control scheme of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SMPM) motor using high-frequency voltage signal injection method based on the high-frequency impedance difference. In the SMPM motor, due to the flux of the permanent magnet, the stator core around the q-axis winding is saturated. This makes the magnetic saliency in the motor. This magnetic saliency has the information about the rotor position. The high-frequency voltage signal is injected into the motor in order to detect the magnetic saliency and estimate the rotor position. In this paper, the relationship between the high-frequency voltages and high-frequency currents is developed using the voltage equations at the high frequency, and the high-frequency impedance characteristics are analyzed experimentally under various conditions. The proposed sensorless control scheme makes it possible to drive the SMPM motor in the low-speed region including zero speed, even under heavy load conditions. The experimental results verify the performance of the proposed sensorless algorithm.     

基于电流波形检测法的开关磁阻电动机无位置传感器控制

开关磁阻电动机(SRM)在采用电压PWM控制方式时,通常在定、转子齿极开始重叠位置处出现峰值电流。传统电流梯度法利用该峰值电流的前后电流微分值符号变反的特征,通过微分和过零检测电路得到转子位置,但存在检测电路参数设计繁琐,低速运行时不易获取正确的转子位置以及容错能力较差等缺点。为此,提出了一种基于电流波形检测的转子位置估算方法。该方法通过比较前后时刻电流大小,在该相关断时刻确定该相电流峰值及其对应的时间,并与前一相峰值电流对应时间共同计算确定后一相的关断时间。随后通过给定开通角,计算出开通角对应脉冲数,再通过比较当前计数值与该开通角对应的脉冲数,确定当前相或后一相的开通时间。该方法不仅保留了不依赖SRM参数的优点,而且无需微分、过零检测等外围电路,在低速运行时也能够得到正确的转子位置且具有较强的容错能力。通过基于该方法搭建的SRM无位置传感器控制系统的DSP驱动实验,证明了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

用于风机水泵的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制系统

本文通过建立电稳态模型观测器,实现永磁同步电机低速转子位置和转速估算,完成电机的起动过程。在中高速运行时,本文构造全阶状态观测器,通过反电动势的观测及坐标系跟踪控制,实现转子位置和转速估算;本文提出的方法具有算法简单、起动电流小、切换平滑、可靠性高等优点,最后,实验结果证明了本方法的正确性和有效性。     

Sensorless very low-speed and zero-speed estimations with onlinerotor resistance estimation of induction motor without signal injection

In the speed-sensorless control of the induction motor, the machine parameters (especially rotor resistance R₂) have a strong influence on the speed estimation. It is known that the simultaneous estimation of speed and R₂ is impossible in the slip-frequency-type vector control, because the rotor flux is constant. In addition, the output voltage error due to the deadtime and the voltage drop of the inverter influences the rotor flux estimation, but the simultaneous compensation of the output voltage and stator resistance R₁ is very difficult. In this paper, the R₂ estimation without adding any additional signal to the stator current is proposed. In the high-frequency range, R₂ is estimated in the transient state and, in the very low-frequency range, R ₂ is estimated in proportion to the estimated R₁ when the ideal voltage source by the power op-amp is used instead of the voltage-source inverter to avoid the output voltage error. Using these algorithms, the low-speed estimation was possible and the zero-speed control was achieved under the 10%-40% load condition. This paper clarifies that the zero-speed estimation is possible with the stator and rotor resistance estimations when the output voltage is ideal     

考虑互感影响的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制技术

针对开关磁阻电机采用电流斩波控制(CCC)方式时相间互感对无位置传感器角度估算的影响,提出一种转子位置估算方法,该方法可以消除相间互感对位置估计的影响,并且无需测量相间互感大小。当电机在单相励磁区时,此时采用变系数电感模型方法进行角度估计;当电机在两相同时处于励磁区时,相间互感不为零,此时对导通相的磁链做差值运算以消除相间互感,最终通过实验对提出的转子位置估算方案进行验证。实验结果表明,与传统的忽略相间互感影响的转子位置估计方案相比,该方案能够消除互感对转子位置估计的影响,并且具有更高的估计精度,能够实现较大转速范围的无位置传感器稳定可靠运行。     

高频信号注入无速度传感器永磁同步电机控制系统

介绍了一种基于脉振高频电压信号注入的永磁同步电机转子位置和速度估算方法,并以此为基础实现了永磁同步电机的无速度传感器矢量控制系统.无论是内埋式还是表面贴式永磁同步电机,其交直轴高频阻抗都可以表现出凸极效应,当脉振高频电压信号注入到定子线圈中时,相应的高频电流信号将包含有转子的位置信息,用一种合适的算法可以提取这一信息.在高速和低速(包括零速)运行时,这种方法都可以精确地估算出转子的位置.最后,以内埋式永磁同步电机为例,给出了这种方法的仿真结果,验证了这种方法的有效性.     

Simple and robust speed sensorless vector control of induction motor using stator current based MRAC

A novel rotor speed estimation method using model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is proposed to improve the performance of a sensorless vector controller. In MRAC methods, state variables, such as rotor flux and back EMF are estimated in a reference model and then compared with state variables estimated by using an adjustable model. The difference of these state variables is then used in an estimation of rotor speed. We propose a new MRAC method that uses the stator current as the state variable for estimating the speed. In conventional MRAC methods, the difference between state variables has the unclear relationship with the speed estimation error. But, in the proposed method, the stator current error is represented as a function of the first degree for the error value in the speed estimation. Therefore, the proposed method can produce a fast speed estimation and is robust to variations in the parameter error. In addition, the proposed method offers a considerable improvement in the performance of a sensorless vector controller at a low speed. The superiority of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiments in a low speed region and at zero-speed.     

Speed sensorless vector control of induction motor using extendedKalman filter

A vector control of an induction motor by an estimated speed using an extended Kalman filter is proposed. With this method, the states are composed of stator current and rotor flux. The rotor speed is regarded as a parameter, and the composite states consist of the original states and the rotor speed. The extended Kalman filter is employed to identify the speed of an induction motor and rotor flux based on the measured quantities such as stator currents and DC link voltage. The estimated speed is used for vector control and overall speed control. Since the current control is performed at a synchronous rotating reference frame, the estimated speed information is also used for the reference frame transformation of the current controller. Computer simulations and experiments of the speed control have been carried out to test the usefulness of the speed estimation algorithm. The experimental results show that the performance of the speed estimation is very good     

采用扩展卡尔曼滤波磁链观测器的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

提出利用卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)观测器对永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)直接转矩控制(direct torque control,DTC)系统进行精确参数估计的方法。通过检测定子电压和电流,应用EKF观测器精确估计电机的定子磁链、电机转速和转子位置,间接估计转矩,近而实现PMSM的无速度传感器控制;同时改进常规的EKF估计状态方程,提高速度估计的精确性,并证明了基于EKF的控制系统的稳定性定理。仿真结果表明该方法减小了系统的非线性、参数变化以及干扰带来的影响,EKF能够准确估计状态变量,提高了直接转矩控制的性能。     

定子电阻对无速度传感器系统的影响及其在线调整

分析了定子电阻对无速度传感器系统的影响,指出定子电阻变化引起的定子磁链稳态误差与电阻误差值、电流幅值、同步角速度和初始误差值有关,最终影响磁场定向和转速估算的准确性.基于定子磁链处于稳态时,转子电流矢量应与转子磁链矢量垂直的原则,提出了一种闭环形式的定子电阻在线调整方法.该方法使用比例(P)调节器以控制目标量为零,调整定子电阻值.仿真结果表明在转速给定10 r/min,定子电阻线性增加和减小50%的情况下,转速波动不超过10%,定子磁链幅值偏差在0.02～0.05 Wb之间,定子磁链的相位偏差不超过0.2 rad.     

A Switching Flux-linkage Reference-based Sensorless Method for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives

A switching flux reference estimation based method for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors is proposed in this article. The basic idea of the method is to estimate switching-on and switching-off flux linkage references from the giving switching angles range and measured phase current. Real-time comparing the estimated flux linkage with estimated switching flux references, the driving signals can be obtained for sensorless control and rotor speed estimation. For closed-loop control, switching-off angle is fixed for speed estimation, and switching-on angle is regulated by the speed deviation proportional-integrator controller. The process to estimate the switching flux references is greatly simplified compared with conventional flux/current methods; it is easily implemented and is suitable for low-cost industry applications. To verify the proposed method, experiments were conducted on a 1-kW, 3-phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor. Experimental results show that speed variable performance of the sensorless drive is comparable with that of position sensors.     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的永磁同步电机转速估计方法研究

研究了利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(extended kalman filter, EKF)对永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)矢量控制系统进行参数精确估计的方法。通过引入定子电流和电压,在线估计电机的定子磁链、电机转速和转子位置,进而实现永磁同步电机的无传感器控制。仿真结果表明EKF准确地观测了电机转速和磁链,所构建的无速度传感器矢量控制系统具有良好的控制性能。     

基于新型定子磁链观测器的直接转矩控制

文中提出一种基于转子位置的面贴式永磁同步电动机的定子磁链估计方法。该方法从转子的位置信息和定子电流预测定子的磁链。给出了磁链观测器的数学模型，并在空间矢量调制直接转矩控制（SVM-DTC）策略中对该磁链观测器与常规电压积分式观测器进行了比较研究。仿真与实验结果表明，采用该观测器的SVM-DTC可以在2％-100％额定转速内稳定运行，电流波形畸变小，转矩性能优越，而采用常规电压积分式观测器的SVM-DTC在转速低于15％额定转速已不能稳定运行。     

高速高精度永磁同步电机补偿策略研究

永磁同步电机的定子电阻和磁链会随温度变化而变化,定子电感会随电机饱和程度的变化而变化,电机相电流的采集和转子角位置的采集由于硬件原因均存在延迟,考虑上述工况,本文提出了一种高速高精度矢量控制补偿算法.其中重点推导了基于电机模型的相电流采集延迟补偿策略,给出了补偿电压的计算方法;还推导了转子角位置采集延迟的补偿策略,根据...