Anatomical variability of the frontal sinuses and their application in forensic identification

PURPOSE: To compare conjunctival epithelium expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 with tear dynamics and ocular surface parameters. METHODS: Brush cytology and flow cytometry were used to quantitatively analyze HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression in 28 dry eye patients. RESULTS: HLA-DR was expressed in 66% of the conjunctival cells of dry eye patients. This expression correlates with that of ICAM-1, as well as with the Schirmer test results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that dry eye consists not only of ocular surface desiccation, but also of upregulation of the HLA-DR and ICAM-1 molecule in the conjunctival epithelium, possibly resulting in increased inflammation.     

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the nasal bone with extension into the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign tumour whose histological appearance may easily be misinterpreted as chondrosarcoma. It has a tendency to recur locally unless completely excised. A rare case of the tumour affecting the nasal bone with extension into the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses and impingement on the cribiform plate is presented. Complete excision was achieved by the craniofacial resection approach.     

Development of a standardized proforma for reporting computerized tomographic images of the paranasal sinuses

A non-peptide library of 2001 compounds has been prepared utilizing solid-phase techniques. The split/combine method was demonstrated to work well to form mixtures of compounds based on 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid as a core structure. The benzoic acid of the core structure served as the attachment point for the resin and the amino and hydroxy positions were variably substituted.     

The postoperative x-ray morphology of the maxillary sinuses in the conventional x-ray of the paranasal sinuses

Fifty-six male wistar rats were selected to study the effects of selenium and DTPA on cadmium excretion. Cadmium levels in urine, feces and tissues of the rats were determined with graphite stove method, and their kidneys were examined pathohistologically. Results showed selenium had stronger effects on cadmium excretion via feces in rats than DTPA did, and combination of both of them showed synergistic effects on it. Also, selenium could accelerate the recovery from kidney injury caused by cadmium, and combination of both of them showed synergism on it.     

Pitfalls in the management of preauricular sinuses

A total of 159 operations for the excision of a preauricular sinus carried out in 117 patients over an 8-year period were reviewed. Previous excision, the use of a probe to delineate the sinus and operating under local anaesthesia all increased the chance of recurrence. The condition recurred more often in patients who developed post-operative wound sepsis than in those who healed primarily. Means of decreasing the recurrence rate include: (1) meticulous dissection of the sinus by an experienced head and neck surgeon under general anaesthesia; (2) the use of an extended preauricular incision; (3) clearance down to the temporalis fascia to ensure complete removal of all epithelial components; (4) avoidance of sinus rupture; and (5) closure of wound dead space.     

Sarcoidosis of the paranasal sinuses treated with hydroxychloroquine

A case of sarcoidosis of the paranasal sinuses is reported. Biopsies of the sinus mucosa showed typical noncaseating granulomas. Hydroxychloroquine, which is known to be active on the cutaneous form of sarcoidosis, was used here with success and is proposed as an effective alternative to high-dose systemic steroids.     

MRI of lymphomas of the orbits and the paranasal sinuses

Examined the validity of adolescents' reports of their mother's age. Most research on the validity of self-report focuses on personal behaviors such as alcohol and substance use, or response bias due to social desirability. Few studies investigate the validity of adolescents reporting of nonsensitive information. Data from 80 mother-adolescent pairs were collected. The sample included 9th graders from four high school English classes, equal numbers of males and females, and 15% African Americans. The correlation between mothers' reports and youths' reports of mother's age was .99, and 95% of the youth were within a year of their mother's correct age. No race or gender differences were found. These results allow researchers to examine adolescent outcomes for youth born to teen mothers without the expense of also collecting data from their mothers. Results also suggest that adolescents' self-reports of other nonsensitive familial data may also be valid.     

Inflammatory diseases of the sinuses: bacteriology and antibiotics

This article provides an overview of the antimicrobial agents most commonly employed against the bacteria that cause infections in the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck. Because new bacterial resistances appear so regularly, as do new antibiotics, the reader is encouraged to supplement the information provided within this article with current information from the available literature. Specific treatment strategies for both acute and chronic sinusitis also are reviewed.     

Inverted papillomas in the nose and paranasal sinuses

Inverted papillomas in the nose and/or paranasal sinuses exhibit a high recurrence rate, and an association with malignancy. Early diagnosis and aggressive surgical therapy are thus essential. Seventeen cases of inverted papilloma seen at Saitama Cancer Center over a 17-year period were reviewed. Common presenting symptoms, the primary papilloma sites and the results of surgical treatment were as follows. 1) Almost all patients complained of nasal obstruction. The usefulness of nasal biopsy of the tumor was confirmed, with 12 cases being diagnosed as having inverted papilloma pre-operatively. Inverted papilloma without squamous cell carcinoma caused osseous thinning, but did not destroy the bone. 2) It was found that the primary site of the papilloma involved the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Lateral Rhinotomy was therefore recommended as a standard treatment. 3) The recurrence rate was 1/12 after Lateral Rhinotomy. Two cases had complaints associated with the Lateral Rhinotomy, nasolacrimal duct stenosis, and a scar in the median corner of eye. 4) Only one case had concomitant squamous cell carcinoma in the nose and maxillary sinus. This patient received chemo therapy, radiation therapy and finally maxillectomy, but the inverted papilloma recurred several times. Six years later, squamous cell carcinoma recurred and lead to this patient's death.     

Pneumocephalus complicating osteoma of the frontal sinus

Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses are benign, often asymptomatic, tumors which progress very slowly. Endocranial development of an osteoma can breach the dura mata, allowing air to enter the cranium producing pneumocephalia which leads to severe neurological deficiencies. Pneumocephalia is an exceptional complication of osteoma. We found 40 cases reported in the literature. Brain CT scan easily gives the diagnosis. Surgical exeresis with closure of the breach gave very satisfactory results in our 2 cases.     

Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes.

Summarizes the current state of knowledge of prefrontal lobe functions as derived from studies and observations of adult humans following frontal lobe damage. Following an overview of the neuroanatomy and neuropathology, frontal lobe activities are presented under the following headings: motor functions; sensory, perception, and construction functions; attention; abnormal awareness; flexibility–perseveration; language; memory; cognition; personality; localization; and hemispheric activity. Six specific prefrontal functions are suggested as the principal disorders underlying many if not all of the described manifestations. Thus, prefrontal damage can (1) separate action from knowledge, (2) impair the ability to handle sequential behaviors, (3) impair the ability to establish or change a set, (4) impair the ability to maintain a set, (5) impair the ability to monitor personal behavior, and (6) produce attitudes of apathy. (5? p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Invasive aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses: a medical emergency

A rare case of invasive aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses in a previously healthy individual is presented. The disease caused severe complications and proved fatal. Classification, aetiology and presentation of sinus aspergillosis are discussed. Early diagnosis and management is stressed to avoid the high incidence of morbidity and mortality.     

Exploring the enigmas of frontal lobe dysfunction

The clues vary, and many of the "typical" signs are misleading or even contradictory. One patient acts impetuously while another seems to have lost his spontaneity. Still another shows aggressive, animalistic behavior--or becomes apathetic, perhaps curling up in the fetal position or sucking, rooting, or grasping as an infant does. Some patients can memorize and recite a long list of numbers, remember events of the day before, and recall many of their childhood experiences--yet they "forget to remember" why they went to the store. When this happens, it's likely that the frontal lobe isn't performing its goal-orienting function as it should. If a patient takes small steps, has trouble initiating a step, or can't seem to find and keep his center of gravity--or if he involuntarily resists or aids an attempt to move his neck, arms, or legs--he doesn't necessarily have Parkinson's disease; he may have a frontal lobe lesion instead. Usually--but not always--the easiest way to find out is to check for a resting tremor.