温度对IMO-SBR中微生物特性的影响

为了研究温度对固定化微生物系统中微生物特性的影响,将微生物固定化技术与SRB工艺相结合,开发出IMO-SBR(Immoblization Organism简称IMO)生物强化工艺处理含氮废水,并通过对IMO-SBR和普通活性污泥SBR废水处理对比试验,研究了温度对固定化微生物系统及游离微生物系统中微生物活性、脱氮效果的...     

IMO-SBR处理高浓度氨氮废水的实验研究

IMO-SBR工艺是结合了固定化微生物技术与SBR工艺的一种全新污水处理工艺。该工艺充分利用了固定化微生物和SBR的优点,既保留了固定化微生物,又较好地利用了成熟的SBR工艺。在实验反应器内装填由聚氨酯泡沫制成的生物膜载体,并以实际高浓度氨氮废水为研究对象,通过考察温度、进水m(C)∶m(N)、pH对IMO-SBR工艺脱氮效果的影响,确定最佳的运行条件为:温度在30℃、m(C)∶m(N)=3∶1、pH=8,该工艺条件下,氨氮去除率稳定在55%以上。     

污水生物脱氮新技术研究现状与发展方向

综述了国内外生物脱氮领域最近开发出的短程硝化反硝化、同步硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化等新技术,指出了这些新技术的特点以及存在的不足.重点论述了目前实现短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术的方法,如控制温度、溶解氧浓度和pH值,并提出应用序批式反应器(SBR)实现短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮工艺今后研究的发展方向和开发应用的前景.建议加强同步硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮工艺反应机理方面的研究.     

SBR法低温短程硝化实现与稳定的中试研究

短程生物脱氮技术对于节省能源和碳源具有重要意义,而低温条件下实现短程硝化一直是制约该工艺推广的重要难题。以实际城市污水为研究对象,应用 54 m³的SBR中试系统重点研究了低温条件下短程硝化的实现途径和稳定方法。试验结果表明,通过对系统的硝化反硝化过程进行实时过程控制,并采用分段进水的运行模式,系统在温度为11.8～25℃的范围内均达到了稳定的短程脱氮效果,平均总氮去除率在９６％以上,平均亚硝化率在95%以上。长期的实时过程控制优化了系统的污泥种群结构,是低温中试SBR系统短程硝化实现与稳定的决定性因素。     

部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺处理含氮废水的研究

部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺是一种新型的废水脱氮工艺。实验采用模拟废水,进水氨氮浓度为600 mg/L。亚硝化SBR反应器在温度为30℃、HRT为24 h、DO≈0.2 mg/L的运行条件下,将废水中的一部分氨氮氧化成亚硝氮,并使得亚硝化SBR反应器出水中NH4+-N和NO2--N比值接近1∶1.32后,再作为厌氧氨氧化SBR反应器进水;厌氧氨氧化SBR反应器在温度为37℃、HTR为24 h的运行条件下,将氨氮和亚硝氮转化为N2。实验结果表明,部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺脱氮效果较好,废水中氮的去除率可达94.44%。     

固定化微生物-曝气生物滤池（G-BAF）高效脱氮工艺

固定化微生物-曝气生物滤池（G-BAF）高效脱氮工艺是由北京大学环境工程研究所开发的生物脱氮新工艺。该工艺利用基因工程的手段,对自然微生物进行了强化与变异而产生的硝化菌、亚硝化菌和反硝化菌可适应各种水质,应用先进的微生物固定化技术,将高效微生物菌群固定在大孔网状载体,     

溶解氧对冷轧钢废水生物脱氮的影响研究

本文比较SBR与缺氧反硝化两种工艺在的脱氮速率和去除率差异，通过对溶解氧监测，说明周期性的厌氧、缺氧、好氧条件比单纯的缺氧条件更有利于稳定高效脱氮。在试验条件下，SBR可实现高浓度硝酸根废水的高效反硝化脱氮。     

好氧颗粒污泥同步除磷脱氮研究的新进展

结合近年来国内外除磷脱氮的最新研究成果,对好氧颗粒污泥除磷脱氮的机理及工艺进行了探讨和研究。研究表明通过适当的SBR定向培养,可以在颗粒污泥中培养出不同的微生物菌群(硝化菌、反硝化菌、聚磷菌、反硝化聚磷菌等),使其能够实现同步除磷脱氮,从而为污水生物除磷脱氮工艺研究提供了一个新思路。     

PAC与膨润土强化SBR工艺处理含氨氮河水研究

研究了室温条件下粉末活性炭(PAC)和天然膨润土静态吸附氨氮的能力;通过对氨氮、TN和污泥硝化活性指标的分析,对比分别考察了PAC和膨润土强化间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)强化系统的脱氮效果.结果表明,PAC和膨润土对氨氮均具有一定的吸附作用,后者的吸附效果明显好于前者;与传统SBR工艺相比,SBR反应器中投加PAC和膨润土后,氨氮去除率分别提高12%和8%,脱氮率分别提高30%和24%;PAC和膨润土可以促进硝化菌和反硝化菌的增殖,增强硝化和反硝化功能,从而提高系统的脱氮效果.     

一体化生物脱氮技术研究进展

废水氨氮污染已成为环境领域的热点问题。针对废水氨氮污染,国际上研发了一批高效废水生物脱氮技术。本文将3种典型工艺--同步硝化-反硝化(SND)工艺、短程硝化-反硝化(SHARON)工艺、基于亚硝氮的全自养脱氮(CANON)工艺归类并命名为一体化生物脱氮技术,分别对其原理、特征、效能和应用进行了分析评述,以期为该技术的深度研发提供参考。总结了与传统脱氮技术相比,一体化生物脱氮技术具有工艺流程短、系统操作易、占地面积小、运行费用低等优势。其中以氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌等自养型微生物作为脱氮功能菌的一体化自养型生物脱氮工艺的研发将成为一体化生物脱氮技术的研究前沿,一体化自养型生物脱氮工艺的研发将集中于优质菌种的培育和反应器的优化。     

固定化脱氮菌在低污染水处理中的应用研究

随着水体氮素污染日趋严重,脱氮技术的改进及强化方法成为研究热点。固定化微生物技术因具有微生物密度大、处理效率高、反应速度快、适应能力强等优点而备受关注。综述了不同固定化载体及方法对生物脱氮的强化效果,分析了固定化作用对微生物的影响,总结了固定化技术脱氮应用的最新研究进展,并对该领域今后的发展进行探讨。     

缺氧条件下活性污泥反硝化和释磷对单一碳源的竞争(英文)

In order to investigate the competition for carbon source between denitrification and phosphorus release processes,simultaneous phosphorus release and denitrification in sludge operated in anoxic,aerobic mode are investigated by varying the ratio of influent COD to nitrogenous compound concentration under anoxic condition using a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor(SBR).The results show that the nitrate reduction rate is nearly independent of the ratio of influent COD to nitrate under anoxic condition.More NOx--N in the influent leads to less 3 4PO --P release during the feeding period.However, 3 4PO--P release proceeds at a low rate simultaneously with denitrification even when the influent NOx--N concentration is as large as 20 mg·L-1and its rate is increased obviously when NOx--N is denitrified to a concentration lower than 0.5 mg·L-1.The variation of pH during anoxic period gives some information about the biochemical reactions of denitrification and3 4PO--P release.When more nitrate is present in the influent,more acetate uptake in feeding period is used for direct microorganism growth.     

膜生物反应器脱氮除磷技术的研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)脱氮除磷技术是一种新型的脱氮除磷技术,在单一好氧膜生物反应器基础上,向与A/O、A2/O和SBR等工艺形式相结合的方向发展。介绍了近年来膜生物反应器在脱氮除磷方面的基本特点、研究现状、存在问题,分析了运行方式、技术参数对处理效果的影响,并指出了膜生物反应器脱氮除磷技术的发展方向。     

废水脱氮中好氧反硝化现象的研究

采用SBR工艺,对废水脱氮中的好氧反硝化现象进行了研究。试验工序为:缺氧搅拌3h、曝气8h、缺氧搅拌1.5h、沉淀1h、排水。当进水ρ(NH4+-N)为107mg/L,ρ(CODCr)为700mg/L时,好氧段NH4+-N的去除率达到53.3%,TN的去除占整个周期TN去除的71.23%,表明好氧反硝化现象对整个周期的脱氮起着主要的作用。     

低温下碳源对同步硝化反硝化的影响

为了提高生物脱氮效率,采用序批式生物反应器(SBR)处理模拟废水。在pH=7.0—8.5、温度10—15℃、溶解氧(DO)为3—5 mg/L、污泥浓度(MLSS)为(3 500±200)mg/L、ρ(NH4+-N)为50—70 mg/L条件下,分别考察蔗糖、醋酸钠和乙醇作为碳源对SBR工艺同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮效果和胞外聚合物(EPS)的影响。结果表明,蔗糖作为碳源时,当进水COD为370 mg/L时,COD去除率达到86%,SND率为88.3%,ρ(EPS)为659 mg/L;当醋酸钠作为碳源时,COD去除率达83.9%,SND率为68.8%,ρ(EPS)为742 mg/L;当乙醇作为碳源时,COD去除率仅为72.8%,SND率为58%,ρ(EPS)为736 mg/L。与醋酸钠和乙醇相比,蔗糖更适合作为低温下SBR工艺同步硝化反硝化的碳源。     

玄武岩纤维填料应用于两种混合生长反应器的评价

采用单丝直径微米级的伞状玄武岩纤维(BF)作为填料,将其引入序批式反应器(SBR)和后置缺氧反硝化SBR外聚合物(EPS)含量和扫描电子显微镜形貌图,考察了两种SHBR的污水处理效果。试验结果表明:基于SBR的SHBR的出水COD、氨氮、总氮去除率分别为83.2%、89.9%、86.8%;基于后置缺氧反硝化SBR的SHBR优良,而基于后置缺氧反硝化SBR的SHBR的脱氮效果得到进一步的优化和提升。两种SHBR的BF填料中EPS含量分析结果显示:在好氧环境下,蛋白质(PN)的含量高于多糖(PS)的含量;在缺氧条件下,PS的含量明显高于PN的含量。     

Simultaneous removal of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by coupling two-step anaerobic digestion with a sequencing batch reactor

The objective of this study was to develop an integrated process for simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from industrial wastewaters. The process consisted of a-two step anaerobic digestion reactor, for carbon removal, coupled with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for nutrient removal. In the proposed process, carbon is eliminated into biogas by anaerobic digestion: acidogenesis and methanogenesis. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced during the first step of anaerobic digestion can be used as electron donors for both dephosphatation and denitrification. In the third reactor (SBR) dephosphatation and nitrification are induced through the application of an anaerobic–aerobic cycle. This paper describes the first trials and experiments on the SBR and a period of 210 days during which the SBR was connected to the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. It was shown that nitrification of ammonia took place in the SBR reactor, during the aerobic phase. Furthermore, denitrification and VFA production were achieved together in the acidogenic reactor, when the efflux of nitrates from the SBR reactor was added to the first reactor influx. The proposed process was fed with a synthetic industrial wastewater, the composition of which was: total organic carbon (TOC)=2200 mg dm⁻³, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)=86 mg dm⁻³, phosphorus under phosphate form (P-PO₄)=20 mg dm⁻³. In these conditions, removals of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were 98%, 78% and 95% respectively. The results show that the combination of the two-step anaerobic digestion reactor and an SBR reactor is effective for simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Reactor arrangements enabled zones of bacterial populations to exist. Complete denitrification occurred in the acidogenic reactor and hence the anaerobic activity was not reduced or inhibited by the presence of nitrate, thus allowing high TOC removal. Stable phosphorus release and phosphorus uptake took place in the SBR after coupling of the three reactors. A fast-settling compact sludge was generated in the SBR with the operational conditions applied, thus giving good separation of supernatant fluid. The benefits from this process are the saving of (i) an external carbon source for denitrification and phosphorus removal, (ii) a reactor for the denitrification step. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液的反硝化过程中NO~-_2积累的研究

The nitrite accumulation in the denitrification process is investigated with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating pre-treated landfill leachate in anoxic/anaerobic up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB). Nitrite accumulates obviously at different initial nitrate concentrations (64.9,54.8,49.3 and 29.5 mg•L－1) and low temperatures, and the two break points on the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) profile indicate the completion of nitrate and nitrite reduction. Usually, the nitrate reduction rate is used as the sole parameter to characterize the denitrification rate, and nitrite is not even measured. For accuracy, the total oxidized nitrogen (nitrate + nitrite) is used as a measure, though details characterizing the process may be overlooked. Additionally, batch tests are conducted to investigate the effects of C/N ratios and types of carbon sources on the nitrite accumulation during the denitrification. It is observed that carbon source is sufficient for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, but for further reduction of nitrite to nitrogen gas, is deficient when C/N is below the theoretical critical level of 3.75 based on the stoichiometry of denitrification. Five carbon sources used in this work, except for glucose, may cause the nitrite accumulation. From experimental results and cited literature, it is concluded that Alcaligene species may be contained in the SBR activated-sludge system.