国内外海水反渗透膜技术发展现状

综述了国内外海水反渗透淡化膜所经历的3个发展阶段,对反渗透膜组件、材料发展状况进行了总结。还综述了目前新型无机、无机杂化以及有机复合反渗透海水淡化膜材料、性能的研究进展,介绍了代表未来反渗透膜发展方向的碳纳米管、分子筛、石墨烯等无机纳米粒子在反渗透海水淡化膜中的应用,总结了反渗透膜市场主流国内外厂家,简要介绍了我国“十二·五”期间海水淡化专项科技规划,并对反渗透膜技术未来发展进行了展望。     

关于举办2021第二届全国海水淡化与浓盐水处理高级研修班的通知

主办单位主办单位:中国海洋学会海水淡化与水再利用分会/国家海水淡化产业联盟承办单位:《水处理技术》编辑部/杭州水处理技术研究开发中心海水淡化是重要的水资源增量技术,在各类浓盐或含盐废水处理中亦有广泛应用,为缓解水资源紧缺、保障水生态安全提供了有力科技支撑。作为国内海水淡化产业领军机构,本届研修班将依托主协办单位丰富资源优势,咸集领域内权威师资阵容,以系统性、专业化、高水平的办班理念,聚焦海水淡化及浓盐水处理市场需求.     

高性能海水淡化反渗透膜的制备及其性能研究

通过对聚砜多孔支撑膜皮层孔型结构的调控,制备了2种性能优异的海水淡化反渗透膜,并利用SEM、AFM和FTIR等技术对其结构和性能进行了系统研究;模拟海水条件下,对由相应膜片卷制的海水淡化用膜元件的耐温性和耐盐度稳定性进行了系统评价。并以国外高性能海水淡化反渗透膜为参照进行了对比评测。结果表明,聚砜多孔支撑膜的孔型结构可以作为调控聚酰胺脱盐层结构并开发高性能海水淡化反渗透膜的有效手段;所制备的海水淡化反渗透膜膜片脱盐率最高超过99.90%,且耐温度稳定性好。相应膜元件除具有优异的脱盐率和水通量性能外,还具有较强的耐高温和耐高盐度冲击能力,并且其耐酸碱清洗能力远优于参照膜元件。     

反渗透膜的清洗

反渗透膜过滤技术是一种高效、低能和易操作的液体分离技术,同传统的水处理方法相比具有处理效果好,可实现海水淡化、废水的循环利用和对有用物质回收等优点。30年来取得了令人瞩目的飞速发展,已广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。反渗透膜已广泛应用于水工业中,运行中的膜必然受到污染。膜的污染也因各地水源水质不同,预处理工艺和效果不同而复杂化,膜的清洗成为应用中的一个难题。本文对含盐废水处理系统反渗透膜的污染和清洗进行了分析和讨论。     

2012年膜法废水处理技术高级研修(春季)班圆满结业

由中国膜工业协会海水及苦咸水淡化膜分会、中国海水淡化与水再利用分会与浙江大学膜与水处理技术教育部工程研究中心联合主办的2012年膜法废水处理技术高级研修(春季)班,在浙江省杭州市圆满结业。     

海水反渗透淡化技术的分析与探讨

反渗透海水淡化技术是一种高效、节能、先进的液体分离技术.论述了目前国内外海水反渗透淡化技术的应用现状,着重介绍了反渗透膜材料及特点、膜污染及清洗、典型的海水反渗透淡化流程,探讨了反渗透海水淡化技术目前存在的问题及未来发展趋势.     

关于举办“2014全国膜法水处理技术高级培训班”的通知(第二轮)

<正>主办单位:中国海水淡化与水再利用学会中国膜工业协会海水及苦咸水淡化膜分会浙江大学膜与水处理技术教育部工程研究中心协办单位:杭州水处理技术研究开发中心杭州求是膜技术有限公司浙江省膜学会《水处理技术》随着水处理行业的蓬勃发展,膜法水处理技术应用日渐广泛,从业人员众多,市场空间巨大,在污水处理、废水处理、市政饮用水、海水淡化等领域均有良好的发展前景。为推动膜法水处理技术的推广与应用,促进科技成果转化和技术市场的繁荣发展,中国海水淡化与水再利用学会与中国膜工业协会海水及苦咸水淡化膜分会再次联合浙江大学膜与水处理技术教育     

船舶海水淡化技术现状及研究进展

总结了我国海水利用现状,针对不同船舶海水淡化技术的原理和特点,分析了船舶海水淡化的研究现状和最新进展。在新的海水淡化方法、装置的理论及实验研究、膜材料的发展和应用方面作了阐述和分析,对我国船舶海水淡化技术目前存在的问题和发展方向提出了建议。     

业界动态

举办"2013年全国膜法废水处理技术培训班"的通知为满足市场对膜法废水处理技术的需求,培养国内高端膜法废水处理科技人员,促进膜科学与技术的应用和成果产业化,国内从事水处理技术的主要行业组织中国海水淡化与水再利用学会、中国膜工业协会海水及苦咸水淡化膜分会、浙江大学膜与水处理技术教育部工程研究中心将强强联合于2013年6月3-5日在杭州举办"2013年全国膜法废水处理技术培训班"。培训的主要内容:     

ZSM-5沸石分子筛膜的制备及脱盐性能研究

淡水资源日益短缺,发展膜法海水淡化技术是满足世界淡水供应需求的重要途径,但是寻找合适的膜材料依然是人类面临的挑战。ZSM-5沸石分子筛膜（简称沸石膜）具有规则的孔道结构、合适的孔径尺寸（0.51~0.56 nm）以及可调变的硅铝比,在有机物脱水分离应用中展示了优异的选择性及良好的渗透性和稳定性。基于其孔径尺寸介于水分子和盐离子之间,其在海水淡化脱盐领域也具有应用潜力。在大孔α-Al₂O₃载体上采用二次生长法制备了ZSM-5沸石膜,考察了晶化时间与合成液的硅铝比对ZSM-5沸石膜成膜和渗透蒸发脱盐性能的影响,并采用XRD、SEM、EDS与水接触角表征了合成膜的相结构与结晶度、骨架组成表面特性等膜的结构性质。结果表明：通过二次水热法采用合成液摩尔配比为n（Al₂O₃）∶n（SiO₂）∶n（Na₂O）∶n（NaF）∶n（H₂O）=0.05∶1∶0.21∶1.01∶55的合成液在175℃下晶化48 h为最佳的合成条件,制备了Si/Al比为10、接触角为17.5°的亲水纯相致密ZSM-5沸石膜,并在75℃下对3.5%（质量）的NaCl水溶液进行了渗透蒸发测试,水的通量和盐离子截留率达到8.35 kg·m^-2·h^-1和99.99%,且性能在60 h的时间依存性测试后依然稳定,表现出了很高的海水淡化工业应用潜力。     

Sequential Template Decomposition to Adjust the Performance of Imperfect Zeolite BEA Membranes

Zeolite membranes offer superior thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability compared to polymeric membranes. However, it is still a challenge to prepare completely defect‐free membranes without any intercrystalline voids, which is necessary for gas separation processes. In this study zeolite beta (*BEA) membranes on stainless‐steel supports were prepared by applying the multiple in situ crystallization technique. The membranes were used as a model system to systematically study the decomposition of the organic structure directing agent tetraethylammoniumhydroxide (TEA‐OH). It was evaluated if the organic decomposition products of TEA‐OH can be used for enhancing the membranes selectivity. Post‐treatment experiments have been carried out to adjust surface properties and pore size dimensions in the zeolitic membrane layer. The results show that membranes calcined at lower temperatures exhibit a higher gas selectivity.     

Viability study of different reverse osmosis membranes for application in the tertiary treatment of wastes from the tanning industry

The tanning industry uses large quantities of water and produces a correspondingly large amount of wastewater with high levels of salts and organic materials. Before these wastewaters can be eliminated, they must be submitted to a suitable depuration treatment. However, conventional treatments such as those used for urban wastewater are not able to reduce the salt content sufficiently and new methods need to be studied in the light of new technologies. In this aspect, membrane technology is increasingly used as a separation technique in chemical and environmental engineering, including desalination, selective separation and wastewater treatment. In this paper, we describe a comparative study of six different reverse osmosis membranes, which were tested for their ability to reduce the salt content in the tertiary treatment after the elimination of chromium salts and organic matter of an effluent from a pilot plant for treating industrial wastewater from the tanning industry to reach the legal levels established for their safe disposal. The membranes were checked using a 3×10⁻³ m² flat cell, where the concentrated streams were recirculated to the feed reservoir.     

沸石/聚酰胺反渗透复合膜的制备

为了提高反渗透膜的通量,通过在界面聚合反应过程中添加NaA型纳米沸石分子筛制备了沸石/聚酰胺反渗透复合膜,采用SEM及复合膜性能测试的方法比较了沸石分子筛添加在水相或者油相中时对膜结构及分离性能的影响.SEM图谱结果表明:沸石分子筛添加在油相中时,沸石在聚酰胺基质中分散均匀,膜结构比较均一;但当沸石分子筛添加在水相中时...     

A comprehensive review of nanofiltration membranes:Treatment, pretreatment, modelling, and atomic force microscopy

Nanofiltration membranes (NF) have applications in several areas. One of the main applications has been in watertreatment for drinking water production as well as wastewater treatment. NF can either be used to treat all kinds of water including ground, surface, and wastewater or used as a pretreatment for desalination. The introduction of NF as a pretreatment is considered a breakthrough for the desalination process. NF membranes have been shown to be able to remove turbidity, microorganisms and hardness, as well as a fraction of the dissolved salts. This results in a significantly lower operating pressure and thus provides a much more energy-efficient process. Similar to other membrane processes, a major problem in NF membrane applications is fouling. Several studies have investigated the mechanisms of fouling in NF membranes and suggested methods to minimize and control the fouling of NF membranes. For NF membrane characterizations and process prediction, modeling of NF processes and the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) are very important. The ability to predict the performance of NF processes will lead to a lower number of experiments, saving of time and money, and help to understand the separation mechanisms during NF. A comprehensive review of NF in water treatments is presented including a review of the applications of NF in treating water as well as in the pretreatment process for desalination; the mechanism as well as minimization of NF membrane fouling problems; and theories for modelling and transport of salt, charged and noncharged organic compounds in NF membranes. The review will also address the application of AFM in studying the morphology of membrane surfaces as part of the NF membrane characterization.     

膜分离技术在化学工业中的应用

阐述了膜分离技术在化学工业过程中的部分应用,如用于合成氨中的氢气回收、有机蒸汽的分离回收、催化裂化中的富氧再生、海水淡化、卤水提炼及工业废水处理等工艺过程中,并对膜分离技术的强化和未来进行了展望。     

页岩气废水处理技术研究进展

页岩气作为经济价值巨大、资源前景广阔的替代性能源,在近20年来发展迅速,其生产过程中产生页岩气废水的处理受到了广泛关注。页岩气废水水质复杂,通常具有高浓度总溶解固体和有机化合物复杂且含量高的特点,尤其是高浓度总溶解固体对处理技术提出了挑战。在介绍页岩气废水水质特点和处理方式的基础上,本文对近年来出现的页岩气废水处理技术进行总结,包括预处理技术、有机物处理技术和脱盐技术;指出页岩气废水处理的关键在于脱盐,重点论述了热技术和膜技术在页岩气废水脱盐方面的应用,展望了膜技术潜在的利用价值;提出了页岩气废水处理的技术组合。研究特征有机污染物的降解、驯化耐盐菌或接种嗜盐菌、降低热技术的成本、增强膜的抗污染性、开发强化的膜技术,是页岩气废水处理的研究方向。     

煤制天然气废水处理技术研究现状及展望

为实现煤制天然气项目的"废水零排放",论述了煤制天然气"废水零排放"主要工艺,如酚氨回收、有机废水处理、含盐废水处理、浓盐水处理、高浓盐水处理、结晶盐处理等,并分析了各工序处理技术的特点及存在问题,并对煤制天然气及煤化工废水零排放处理发展趋势进行展望。未来应通过生产系统与水系统的优化,研究废水处理与利用的新途径,实现废水减量化;提高酚氨回收过程的回收效率及装置稳定性,降低运行成本;开发抗毒生化技术;研发高性能、抗污染膜材料,形成新工艺;开发经济、可靠的浓盐水脱除COD技术;开发高回收率、高纯度的分盐结晶工艺;形成煤化工废水结晶盐产品标准,促进废水结晶盐资源化利用。     

阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能研究进展

电渗析技术应用于工业废水脱盐时,废水中有机物及其它杂质组分等会造成膜污染,进而影响脱盐性能。电渗析膜污染防治对促进电渗析在工业废水处理中的应用有重要意义。相比于阳离子交换膜,阴离子交换膜更易形成有机污染,且更严重。阴离子交换膜污染主要由腐殖酸、牛血清蛋白、阴离子表面活性剂等有机物造成,污染过程主要受静电作用、亲和作用和几何因素的影响。膜改性提高阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能是电渗析膜污染防治的有效方法,目前已有许多有关膜改性提高阴离子交换膜抗污染性能的报道。膜改性方法主要有化学改性法、等离子体改性法、表面涂覆改性法、电沉积改性法、自聚合改性法及改进基膜结构法等。本工作对阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能的研究进展进行了综述,对不同改性方法的优缺点进行了分析和评价。这些改性方法能提高阴膜表面的负电荷密度和亲水性、降低膜表面粗糙度和基膜含水率等,因此可以改善阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能。然而,目前研究获得的改性阴离子交换膜仍存在修饰层不稳定、抗污染性能不理想和性能测试不系统等缺点,需进一步优化改性方法、改性工艺、组分修饰及性能测试等,以获得抗污染性能稳定且效果良好的改性阴离子交换膜。     

Polymeric mixed matrix membranes containing zeolites as a filler for gas separation applications: A review

Polymeric membrane technology has received extensive attention in the field of gas separation, recently. However, the tradeoff between permeability and selectivity is one of the biggest problems faced by pure polymer membranes, which greatly limits their further application in the chemical and petrochemical industries. To enhance gas separation performances, recent works have focused on improving polymeric membranes selectivity and permeability by fabricating mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Inorganic zeolite materials distributed in the organic polymer matrix enhance the separation performance of the membranes well beyond the intrinsic properties of the polymer matrix. This concept combines the advantages of both components: high selectivity of zeolite molecular sieve, and mechanical integrity as well as economical processability of the polymeric materials. In this paper gas permeation mechanism through polymeric and zeolitic membranes, material selection for MMMs and their interaction with each other were reviewed. Also, interfacial morphology between zeolite and polymer in MMMs and modification methods of this interfacial region were discussed. In addition, the effect of different parameters such as zeolite loading, zeolite pore size, zeolite particle size, etc. on gas permeation tests through MMMs was critically reviewed.