结合多特征和SVM的SAR图像分割

为实现灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)多尺度、多方向的纹理特征提取, 提出了一种结合非下采样轮廓变换(NSCT)和GLCM的纹理特征提取方法。先用NSCT对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像进行多尺度、多方向分解; 再对得到的子带图像使用GLCM提取灰度共生量; 然后对提取的灰度共生量进行相关性分析, 去除冗余特征量, 并将其与灰度特征构成多特征矢量; 最后, 充分利用支持向量机(SVM)在小样本数据库和泛化能力方面的优势, 由SVM完成多特征矢量的划分, 实现SAR图像分割。实验结果表明, 基于NSCT域的GLCM纹理提取方法和多特征融合用于SAR图像分割, 可以提高分割准确率, 获得较好的边缘保持效果。     

基于双树复小波和灰度共生矩阵的遥感图像分割

提出了一种将双树复小波变换和灰度共生矩阵相结合描述遥感图像局部纹理特征并用于分割的方法。该方法采用双树复小波高频模值子带Gamma分布与Lognormal分布参数组合特征、灰度共生矩阵特征组成的联合纹理特征作为遥感图像每一像素特征,然后用Canberra距离进行相似性度量,最终通过聚类完成遥感图像分割。实验结果表明,该纹理特征提取方法可以有效地表征遥感图像的纹理,得到更为精确的遥感图像分割结果。     

基于综合特征的纹理分割方法

针对灰度共生矩阵只能在单一尺度对纹理进行分析的不足,结合离散框架小波变换产生的尺度共生矩阵与梯度变换图像的灰度共生矩阵,提出了一种具有多尺度分析特性的综合纹理特征提取算法,并利用该特征对纹理图像进行分割.仿真实验结果表明:与基于单一尺度特征的纹理分割方法相比,本文提出的算法能够提高纹理边界定位准确性,减少区域内像素错分,取得了较好的分割效果.     

基于支持向量机和灰度共生矩阵的纹理图像分割方法

图像分割是计算机视觉领域的研究热点。灰度共生矩阵是图像灰度的二阶统计度量,反映了纹理图像灰度在方向、局部邻域和变化幅度的综合信息,以能量、对比度、熵、差方差和差熵作为纹理图像的特征,利用支持向量机(SVM)对这些特征进行训练和分类,以达到纹理图像分割的目的。详细说明了纹理图像的分割过程,同时分析了不同参数情况下对分割精度的影响。针对Brodatz纹理库的实验结果表明:该方法具有较好的分割效果。     

基于灰度共生矩阵的织物纹理分析

以一种常见的织物纹理为对象,采用灰度共生矩阵的方法进行纹理分析.介绍了灰度共生矩阵的原理及其特征参数,讨论了纹理的灰度共生矩阵特征参数、像素距离以及图像灰度等级对灰度共生矩阵的影响,确定了区分此类正常织物与带疵点织物纹理的灰度共生矩阵构造方法.针对该类正常织物图像进行纹理分析,特征参数值统计,确定了正常织物纹理像素方向、像素距离以及图像灰度等级.取原始织物图像尺寸为128×128,生成灰度共生矩阵的最佳像素距离为2,经直方图均衡化后,最佳灰度等级为16.实验结果表明,按照该规则生成的6个灰度共生矩阵的特征参数,能够准确的判断此类织物图像是否存在疵点.     

基于中值-游程共生矩阵的纹理特征提取

提出了一种基于中值-游程共生矩阵模型的纹理特征提取方法.该方法利用了图像的灰度信息和等灰度游程长度信息,通过计算图像的中值矩阵和游程矩阵,从而计算出中值-游程共生矩阵,来提取图像的特征.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地分割出纹理图像上区域特性不同的纹理,且分割效果优于等灰度游程矩阵和灰度共生矩阵.     

基于综合灰度共生矩阵的显微细胞图像纹理研究

灰度共生矩阵法是图像纹理分析中一种十分重要的方法。由于受到方向性和细胞本身特性的影响,传统的灰度共生矩阵法不能完整描述显微细胞图像的纹理,运用综合灰度共生矩阵可以有效地解决这个问题。根据显微细胞图像特点,计算出6个由综合灰度共生矩阵导出的纹理特征参数,并对它们进行归一化处理。通过分析这些归一化纹理特征值,可以对细胞图像中各种细胞成分进行分类描述。     

基于Gabor变换的木材表面缺陷图像分割方法

为了提高对木材表面缺陷图像分割的正确率,采用了环形Gabor滤波器将木材纹理图像变换到联合空间频率域,并在能量意义下定义了特征参数.根据多方向滤波结果形成缺陷图像的分割特征向量.结合模糊C均值聚类算法和数学形态学后处理操作提取出缺陷目标区域,分割正确率为98.29%.通过与基于灰度共生矩阵的分割方法进行比较实验,该方法平均分割精度比后者提高了4.22%,实验结果表明了该方法的可行性.     

基于DFT和共生矩阵的纹理特征描述方法

本文提出了一种基于离散傅立叶变换和共生矩阵的纹理特征提取方法.离散傅立叶变换将纹理图像从图像空间变换到频率空间,将图像的纹理特征转化成频谱特征.然后再利用共生矩阵的思想,完成纹理特征的提取.由于直接计算共生矩阵的计算量较大,因此我们首先对图像进行灰度正规化处理,缩小灰度值的范围,然后再将正规化处理后的灰度图像进行分块,最后计算相应块的共生矩阵的5个特征参数,把相应的特征参数取平均值,得到一个5维的特征向量来描述图像的纹理特征.     

基于支持向量机技术的粮虫图像分类技术研究

介绍了支持向量机的基本思想,提出了一个基于支持向量机的粮虫模式识别系统。该系统先对粮虫图像进行小波边缘提取,根据灰度共生矩阵和局部统计方法提取小波分割后的图像纹理特征。最后利用支持向量机对粮虫图像进行分类。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.