Effective accelerometer test beds for output enhancement of an inertial navigation system

This paper is submitted upon a research to enhance the output of an accelerometer widely used in inertial navigation units. In our study we introduce relatively simple and effective test beds to collect accurate and diverse reference data. We also carried out calibration runs with a highly accurate electromechanical shaking table. The proposed test beds compare well with sophisticated counterparts. The collected data is used to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) which would improve the accelerometer outputs by estimating the reference data from the actual sensor outputs. The ANN performance is compared with classic low pass filtering methods to provide a relative performance criterion. In this paper we focus on test beds rather than to give the details of the whole study. The test beds introduced in this research can be used for acquiring reference data for implementation of other different filter methods as well.     

捷联惯导系统的误差模型与仿真

为研究捷联惯导系统短时间导航精度,建立了导航误差数学模型,分析了惯性器件误差对系统导航精度的影响.应用捷联惯性导航原理,针对系统短时间导航的特点,简化了载体在导航坐标系的导航方程;由惯性器件安装误差与陀螺仪等效零漂经过方向余弦矩阵变换建立载体姿态误差方程;结合导航方程、姿态误差方程与惯性器件误差推导出载体速度误差与位置误差数学模型.在此基础上,建立了误差状态空间方程与误差模型框图.在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了误差数学模型计算模块,用捷联惯导算法与误差模型共同解算地面150 s导航试验数据.结果表明:导航系X轴的相对系统误差＜20%,Y轴、Z轴的相对系统误差＜4%,验证了误差数学模型的正确性.此外,分析了加速度计精度的变化对短时间工作的捷联惯导系统导航误差产生的基本影响.     

High accuracy navigation information estimation for inertial system using the multi-model EKF fusing adams explicit formula applied to underwater gliders

The underwater navigation system, mainly consisting of MEMS inertial sensors, is a key technology for the wide application of underwater gliders and plays an important role in achieving high accuracy navigation and positioning for a long time of period. However, the navigation errors will accumulate over time because of the inherent errors of inertial sensors, especially for MEMS grade IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) generally used in gliders. The dead reckoning module is added to compensate the errors. In the complicated underwater environment, the performance of MEMS sensors is degraded sharply and the errors will become much larger. It is difficult to establish the accurate and fixed error model for the inertial sensor. Therefore, it is very hard to improve the accuracy of navigation information calculated by sensors. In order to solve the problem mentioned, the more suitable filter which integrates the multi-model method with an EKF approach can be designed according to different error models to give the optimal estimation for the state. The key parameters of error models can be used to determine the corresponding filter. The Adams explicit formula which has an advantage of high precision prediction is simultaneously fused into the above filter to achieve the much more improvement in attitudes estimation accuracy. The proposed algorithm has been proved through theory analyses and has been tested by both vehicle experiments and lake trials. Results show that the proposed method has better accuracy and effectiveness in terms of attitudes estimation compared with other methods mentioned in the paper for inertial navigation applied to underwater gliders.     

车载定位定向导航系统检测仪的设计与实现

本文针对车载定位定向导航系统的结构特点及其在性能检测和故障诊断方面存在的不足。在充分利用该系统现有硬件资源并且不改变其硬件结构的基础上研制了一种检测仪。该检测仪通过串行通信的方式获取导航系统惯性器件的状态数据．采用了基于BP神经网络的数据处理与故障诊断算法．实现了惯性器件的性能检测、故障诊断和检测数据存储等功能．显着提高了检测速度和故障诊断的准确辜。其检测原理为已有装备的性能检测和故障诊断提供了一种新思路。     

一种单轴旋转捷联惯导的三位置对准方法

针对单轴旋转式捷联惯性导航系统,提出了一种基于惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit,IMU)旋转的三位置初始对准方法.在系统可观测性分析的基础上,建立IMU姿态与失准角之间的关系,提出了使失准角估计偏差为零的三位置对准方法.与以往固定位置对准和两位置对准进行了比较,表明该方法可以消除不可观测的水平加速度计零偏和东向陀螺常值漂移对初始对准精度的影响,大大提高了系统初始对准精度.     

长航时惯导系统全阻尼综合校正算法

针对惯导系统长时间工作时导航误差随时间发散的问题,提出一种适用于长航时惯导系统的全阻尼综合校正算法。设计了全阻尼网络,利用外部速度量测对惯导系统进行水平和方位阻尼,衰减了导航误差中舒拉周期及地球自转周期振荡;根据全阻尼条件下的惯导系统误差传播规律设计了综合校正算法,利用不定期获取的外部参考位置计算导致导航误差发散的陀螺漂移并进行修正,更好地保证了惯导系统的工作自主性。试验结果表明,该算法明显地抑制了惯导误差随时间的发散,可有效提高长航时惯导系统的导航精度。     

一种新的舰载惯导系统摇摆基座初始对准方法

针对舰载惯导系统在摇摆基座条件下高精度初始对准问题,提出一种简单且易于实现的快速初始对准方法。利用开路法构建数学稳定平台隔离载体摇摆运动,提高了高精度舰载惯导系统摇摆基座对准过程中量测数据的信噪比,缩短了对准时间并提高了误差参数的估计精度;建立了开路法数学平台偏角的误差模型,利用参数辨识法提取相关对准参数,从而估计出陀螺漂移和数学平台偏角并进行补偿。海上试验结果表明,该对准方法可在8 h内达到优于0.000 5°/h的对准精度,有效地解决了摇摆基座条件下舰载惯导系统的高精度初始对准问题。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的捷联惯性/ GNSS组合导航系统自动测试系统设计

捷联惯性/GNSS组合导航系统是飞机定位和导航的重要机载电子设备;但是开发具有模块化、柔性、通用性和远程控制和测试功能的通用自动测试平台,却是一个难题.文中在简要介绍虚拟仪器技术的基础上,提出用虚拟仪器技术开发通用自动测试系统的设计方法;详细介绍了捷联惯性/GNSS组合导航系统测试系统的软硬件设计,重点分析了设计中难点问题及其解决方法.通过实际测试和评估,该综合测试系统性能稳定、可靠,操作方便,界面友好.     

On modeling and vibration of gear drives influenced by nonlinear couplings

Gear drives are one of the most common parts in many rotating machinery. When the gear drive runs under lower torque load, nonlinear effects like gear mesh interruption can occur and vibration can be accompanied by impact motions of the gears. This paper presents an original method of the mathematical modeling of gear drive nonlinear vibrations using modal synthesis method with degrees of freedom number reduction. The model respects nonlinearities caused by gear mesh interruption, parametric gearing excitation caused by time-varying meshing stiffness and nonlinear contact forces acting between journals of the rolling-element bearings and the outer housing. The nonlinear model is then used for investigation of gear drive vibration, especially for detection of nonlinear phenomena like impact motions, bifurcation of solution and chaotic motions in case of small static load and in resonant states. The theoretical method is used for investigation of two-stage gearbox nonlinear vibration.     

Simulation results for on-line optimization of a batch bioreactor using nonlinear filtering and optimal control

The computation of optimal control profiles for batch bioreactors is based on the use of simple and empirical dynamic models. Since these models present some level of uncertainty, the difference between the model dynamics and the reactor dynamics can have significant effects in the reliability of the calculated profile. To develop near optimal control trajectories considering this drawback, we propose to calculate successive control profiles on a moving time horizon using a mathematical model in which the kinetic parameters are estimated by an observer. The desired objective is to generate a near optimal control trajectory adapted to the "running" fermentation. This idea results in a nonlinear estimator plus an optimizer arrangement that so far has not been applied to batch fermentors. Numerical simulations are performed on xanthan-gum batch fermentations and reasonably good results are obtained.     

基于MapX的导航程序的设计与开发

近年来,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,GPS和GIS在电子导航系统的应用日趋广泛并且研究也更加深入。该文介绍了建立在对象链接与嵌入技术基础上的地图控件MapX的数据结构、功能接口以及运行机制,并介绍了使用MapX开发电子导航系统中的地图模块的方法,文章最后设计了一种快速地图匹配算法。     

机场导航装备监控系统数据采集与处理

鉴于数据采集与处理在机场通信导航装备监控系统中的重要性.提出了数据采集的原则.针对不同的通信导航装备采用相应的数据采集方法.并根据采集数据的种类采用不同的数据处理方法.     

基于双DSP和FPGA的导航处理系统设计

机电技术的发展为惯性测量系统的大量应用奠定了基础。针对深海导航应用场合,为了提高深海惯性导航的精度和实时性,设计了基于双数字信号处理器（DSP）和可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA）的捷联惯性导航计算机,成功构建了低成本、小型化的捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）。重点描述了双DSP和FPGA导航计算机的硬件设计思路。扼要介绍了系统软件的框架结构。与目前大多数的惯性导航系统相比,该系统体积小、重量轻、功耗低,适用于运算复杂的嵌入式惯性导航系统。实验室车载实验结果证明了上述设计的正确性和可行性。     

捷联惯导减振器参数估计与光纤环应力响应分析

建立了捷联惯导系统的有限元模型,提出用单自由度弹簧振子模型估计减振器的刚度和阻尼系数的方法,并得到实验的验证。提出用一维系统低频逼近多自由度解耦系统的近似分析方法。解释了陀螺随机振动响应曲线高频波动的原因。分析了光纤环的材料刚度和几何参数对其内应力的影响规律。     

Comparison of traditional and neural network approaches to stochastic nonlinear system identification

A comparison between neural network and traditional approaches to nonlinear system identification is investigated with respect to aspects of model performance. Two neural network models, the state space and input-output model structures, are considered. A global recurrent RMLP and a teacher forcing RMLP are categorized as the state space models, and a global feedback FMLP and a teacher forcing FMLP are considered as the input-output models. In the traditional methods an AutoRegressive eXogeneous (ARX) Input model and a Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogeneous (NARX) Input model are considered. Basic algorithms of models are described, and simulation results are also presented through the system output response. Performance of models is compared based on the Mean-Square-Errors (MSE). Noise-added sinusoidal, pulse and step signals are chosen as the test inputs for the validation of the obtained models. Two different noise levels are augmented to the chosen input signals.     

航空遥感惯性稳定平台齿隙非线性建模与补偿

针对航空遥感惯性稳定平台框架伺服系统中齿隙非线性环节造成的系统驱动延时、换向跳变及冲击振荡等问题,对航空遥感惯性稳定平台齿隙非线性进行建模与补偿.在分析齿隙非线性环节结构和传动特点基础上,建立了齿隙非线性死区模型;利用MATLAB仿真分析了齿隙对系统性能的影响;以框架伺服系统为研究对象,应用反步积分法,通过依次选择Lyapunov函数,设计了基于状态反馈的控制器,并进行实验验证.结果表明:齿隙误差补偿可有效提高系统控制精度;与传统PID控制相比,反步积分法显著降低了齿隙非线性对伺服系统性能的影响,在给定框架期望转角情况下,反步积分法比PID控制响应速度提高78.26％、稳态精度提高23.1％.     

Controller design for a class of nonlinear MIMO coupled system using multiple models and second level adaptation

In this paper, an adaptive control method using multiple models with second level adaptation is proposed for a class of nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) coupled systems. Multiple estimation models are used to tune the unknown parameters at the first level. The second level adaptation provides a single parameter vector for the controller. A feedback linearization technique is used to design a state feedback control. The efficacy of the designed controller is validated by conducting real time experiment on a laboratory setup of twin rotor MIMO system (TRMS). The TRMS setup is discussed in detail and the experiments were performed for regulation and tracking problem for pitch and yaw control using different reference signals. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) has been used to observe the unavailable states of the TRMS.     

A comparative study of adaptation algorithms for nonlinear system identification based on second order Volterra and bilinear polynomial filters

Nonlinear filtering techniques have recently become very popular in the field of signal processing. In this study we have considered the modeling of nonlinear systems using adaptive nonlinear Volterra filters and bilinear polynomial filters. The performance evaluation of these nonlinear filter models for the problem of nonlinear system identification has been carried out for several random input excitations and for measurement noise corrupted output signals. The coefficients of the two candidate filter models for are designed using several well known adaptive algorithms, such as least mean squares (LMS), recursive least squares (RLS), least mean p-norm (LMP), normalized LMP (NLMP), least mean absolute deviation (LMAD) and normalized LMAD (NLMAD) algorithms. Detailed simulation studies have been carried out for comparative analysis of Volterra model and bilinear polynomial filter, using these candidate adaptation algorithms, for system identification tasks and the superior solutions are determined.     

Multisine excitation design to increase the efficiency of system identification analysis through undersampling and DFT optimization

Multisine excitations are commonly employed to measure the frequency response of a nonlinear system. A typical pseudo-logarithmically-spaced frequency distribution may be oversampled at a rate significantly greater than the Nyquist rate to ensure accurate signal reconstruction without aliasing. In this paper, two algorithms are presented for optimizing the frequency distribution of a multisine excitation signal such that the system output can be undersampled without corruption, resulting in compact DFT bin utilization. In addition, the optimized excitation signal is designed to approximate a user-defined frequency distribution and make allowances for harmonic frequencies generated by system nonlinearities. Results show that at least an eleven-fold improvement in DFT bin utilization is possible for an example two-decade logarithmically-spaced 25-tone excitation signal applied to a nonlinear system exhibiting both second and third order harmonics. The use of optimized excitation signals in power constrained applications, such as structural health monitoring, can help to increase adoption rates by reducing system complexity and power source requirements.     

Hybrid control of an active suspension system with full-car model using H∞ and nonlinear adaptive control methods

This paper presents hybrid control of an active suspension system with a full-car model by using H_∞ and nonlinear adaptive control methods. The full-car model has seven degrees of freedom including heaving, pitching and rolling motions. In the active suspension system, the controller shows good performance: small gains from the road disturbances to the heaving, pitching and rolling accelerations of the car body. Also the controlled system must be robust to system parameter variations. As the control method, H_∞ controller is designed so as to guarantee the robustness of a closed-loop system in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. The system parameter variations are taken into account by multiplicative uncertainty model and the system robustness is guaranteed by small gain theorem. The active system with H_∞ controller can reduce the accelerations of the car body in the heaving, pitching and rolling directons. The nonlinearity of a hydraulic actuator is handled by nonlinear adaptive control based on the back-stepping method. The effectiveness of the controllers is verified through simulation results in both frequency and time domains.