小波再分配尺度谱在声发射信号特征提取中的应用

在分析典型声发射(Acoustic emission, AE)信号特征的基础上,根据机械故障或损伤引发的AE信号的故障特征提取原理和特点,首次提出AE信号的小波再分配尺度谱分析法.将小波尺度谱和再分配尺度谱同时用于AE信号的特征提取,再分配尺度谱能提高尺度图的聚集性,减少干扰项,更准确地表征AE信号中的特征信息.通过理论研究和仿真,确定了小波再分配尺度谱基函数及其参数的选择,克服了小波再分配尺度谱的时、频分辨率不能同时达到最好的缺陷.将小波再分配尺度谱用于声发射检测的滚动轴承损伤类型及部件的识别,诊断结果十分直观、清晰、准确.仿真分析和试验研究均表明了小波再分配尺度谱能有效应用于基于声发射技术的状态监测和故障诊断.     

Fault diagnosis of partial rub and looseness in rotating machinery using Hilbert-Huang transform

Partial rub and looseness are common faults in rotating machinery because of the clearance between the rotor and the stator. These problems cause malfunctions in rotating machinery and create strange vibrations coming from impact and friction. However, non-linear and non-stationary signals due to impact and friction are difficult to identify. Therefore, exact time and frequency information is needed for identifying these signals. For this purpose, a newly developed time-frequency analysis method, HHT (Hilbert-Huang Transform), is applied to the signals of partial rub and looseness from the experiment using RK-4 rotor kit. Conventional signal processing methods such as FFT, STFT and CWT were compared to verify the effectiveness of fault diagnosis using HHT. The results showed that the impact signals were generated regularly when partial rub occurred, but the intermittent impact and friction signals were generated irregularly when looseness occurred. The time and frequency information was represented exactly by using HHT in both cases, which makes clear fault diagnosis between partial rub and looseness. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Eung-Soo Shin     

基于小波包及Hilbert-Huang变换的数控铣削颤振诊断技术

为了提高产品加工质量,根据试验测得铣削系统颤振稳定域,制定并采集数控铣削振动信号,以保证采集信号的准确性;融合小波包变换与希尔伯特黄变换,从能量频域分布与幅值概率统计分布两方面提取信号特征值,其中小波包降噪作为信号前置处理能有效降低环境噪声干扰的影响,提高经验模式分解的精度;建立基于模糊支持向量机的颤振诊断模型,将振动信号分为平稳铣削信号、微弱颤振铣削信号、颤振铣削信号及刀具磨损铣削信号。实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的铣削振动信号辨识与诊断能力,预测准确率达97.3%,为数控铣削加工振动信号的准确辨识与诊断提供了一种新方法。     

基于参数优化Morlet小波变换的故障特征提取方法

针对轴承或齿轮箱等机械元件的故障振动信号表现为冲击衰减波形的特点,提出一种基于参数优化Morlet小波变换的故障特征提取方法。利用最小Shannon熵方法优化Morlet小波的形状参数,实现与冲击特征成分的最佳匹配,再对小波变换系数矩阵进行奇异值分解,根据奇异值曲线中主要反映突变信息的过渡阶段所对应的尺度范围求得最佳小波变换尺度,最后对信号进行Morlet小波变换提取故障特征。仿真试验和实际应用的结果表明,该方法能更有效地从强噪背景中提取故障特征。     

改进的Hilbert-Huang变换及在电磁辐射测量中的应用研究

提出了一种基于改进的希尔伯特-黄变换的电磁信号处理的新方法,该方法适合于在非平稳非线性噪声环境中的电磁辐射的测量。将非平稳信号通过经验模态分解的方法分解为有限个内蕴模式函数,利用自回归模型消除了希尔伯特-黄变换产生的边界效应,进而得到信号的瞬时频率。应用匹配滤波器对背景噪声进行滤除,得到实际电磁辐射信号。由于经验模态分解法的基函数是由信号自适应分解得到的,所以比傅里叶变换以及小波变换得到更好的分解效果。仿真及实验结果表明该方法在非平稳非线性的电磁信号处理中有效地滤除了背景噪声,解决了电磁辐射测量中的环境干扰问题。     

Application of Hilbert–Huang Transform to acoustic emission signal for burn feature extraction in surface grinding process

This paper presents a sensor system using motor current sensors, voltage sensors, accelerator and acoustic emission sensor for grinding burn feature extraction. The new method, Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), was applied as a signal processing tool to digest the raw acoustic emission and accelerator signals and to extract grinding burn features. A filtering criterion using average energy percentage of IMF components was proposed in order to simplify the calculation. Five IMF components were selected based on this criterion and their marginal spectra were calculated. The marginal spectral amplitude of the first three IMF components and the spectral centroid of the last two IMF components clearly reflected the occurrence of grinding burn. Results indicate that the application of HHT to acoustic emission signals in grinding burn detection is of great potential. Besides, the wheel rotation speed can be successfully uncovered through the intrinsic mode function (IMF), which verified the physical meaning of the EMD method.     

An enhanced feature extraction model using lifting-based wavelet packet transform scheme and sampling-importance-resampling analysis

The efficiency of data processing is critical for the on-line monitoring applications of industrial components and systems, both from the viewpoints of the rapid adaptation to the non-stationary signals and the cost of information storage and transmission. In this paper, we propose an enhanced feature extraction model for machinery performance assessment, which is based on the lifting-based wavelet packet transform (WPT) and sampling-importance-resampling methods. The lifting-based WPT decomposes the signals. Then the sampling-importance-resampling procedure is applied in the wavelet domain to extract the distribution information and compose the feature vectors. Finally, a support vector machine is used to assess the normal or abnormal condition based on these extracted features. To validate the proposed new model, an endurance test of pressure regulators has been carried out. Compared to the traditional wavelet packet method, the new model can not only keep the precision level but also improve the efficiency by over 60%.     

Hilbert-Huang transform and marginal spectrum for detection and diagnosis of localized defects in roller bearings

This work presents the application of a new signal processing technique, the Hilbert-Huang transform and its marginal spectrum, in analysis of vibration signals and fault diagnosis of roller bearings. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and marginal spectrum are introduced. First, the vibration signals are separated into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using EMD. Then the marginal spectrum of each IMF can be obtained. According to the marginal spectrum, the localized fault in a roller bearing can be detected and fault patterns can be identified. The experimental results show that the proposed method may provide not only an increase in the spectral resolution but also reliability for the fault detection and diagnosis of roller bearings. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Seong-Wook Hong Hui Li received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Hebei Polytechnic University, Hebei, China, in 1991. He received his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Harbin University of Science and Technology, Hei-longjiang, China, in 1994. He re-ceived his PhD degree from the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 2003. He is currently a professor in mechanical engineering at Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, China. His research and teaching interests include hybrid driven mechanism, kinematics and dynamics of machinery, mechatronics, CAD/CAPP, signal processing for machine health monitoring, diagnosis and prognosis.     

盲分离与Hilbert-Huang结合应用于航空发动机振动信号分析

在航空发动机故障诊断中,首要任务是分析故障信号提取故障特征。针对航空发动机非平稳振动信号,提出了利用盲分离(BSS)获得发动机的振源信号,结合Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)对振源信号进行时频分析提取故障特征的方法。首先利用仿真信号验证了此方法的有效性,然后分析了某航空涡扇发动机空中停车故障并与直接应用HHT分析的结果进行比较,证实了盲分离与HHT的结合能更准确地提取航空发动机非平稳故障特征。     

基于HHT的单自由度结构渐进损伤识别方法

为了解决结构健康监测中非平稳随机信号的时变性并有效地监测损伤过程,研究了基于Hilbert-Huang变换的结构渐进损伤识别方法。首先,该方法模拟产生单自由度结构系统发生渐进损伤的加速度振动信号;然后对加速度振动信号进行经验模式分解,将其分解为多个平稳的固有模式函数之和;最后再选取若干个包含主要损伤信息的固有模式函数进行Hilbert变换,提取瞬时频率作为特征参数进行损伤特征提取。研究结果表明,瞬时频率可以作为结构渐进损伤的特征参数,它对损伤较敏感;损伤前后,瞬时频率会发生明显的变化。     

基于离散Curvelet变换和LS-SVM的虹膜特征提取与识别

提出了一种基于离散曲波变换和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的虹膜特征提取与分类识别的新方法。对虹膜纹理采用离散Curvelet变换,提取低频子带系数矩阵的均值方差和高频子带能量作为虹膜图像的特征向量,利用最优二叉树多类LS-SVM分类器进行分类与识别。MATLAB仿真实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,该算法识别准确率较高,能有效应用于身份认证系统中。     

基于白噪声统计特性的振动模式提取方法

针对机械设备状态监测和故障诊断过程中的特征提取问题,提出一种基于白噪声统计特性来实现机械振动信号振动模式提取的方法。该方法是对经验模式分解算法(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)的一种发展,应用归一化白噪声在EMD中具有的统计特性,可以自适应地消除机械振动信号经EMD分解产生的高频噪声分量及低频虚假分量,得到反映信号实际物理意义的振动模式分量集。对该振动模式分量集进行Hilbert变换,提取出信号的Hilbert时频特征。整个特征提取过程不需要构造任何参数表达的基函数及相关滤波函数,也无需有关信号的任何先验知识,因而在实际应用中具有更好的适用性。仿真信号和转子试验台试验信号验证该方法的可行性和有效性。     

旋转构件中内摩擦轨迹特征提取

旋转机构内摩擦的轨迹包含着反映其运行状态的丰富信息 ,但由于各种信号干扰严重 ,使机构内摩擦轨迹非常杂乱 ,难以从中得到有用信息。本文将小波变换的理论用于提纯机构内摩擦轨迹 ,剔除干扰 ,提取故障特征 ,取得了良好的效果。     

The fault feature extraction and classification of gear using principal component analysis and kernel principal component analysis based on the wavelet packet transform

The vibration signal of a gear system is selected as the original information of fault diagnosis and the gear system vibration equipment is established. The vibration acceleration signals of the normal gear, gear with tooth root crack fault, gear with pitch crack fault, gear with tooth wear fault and gear with multi-fault (tooth root crack & tooth wear fault) is collected in four kinds of speed conditions such as 300 rpm, 900 rpm, 1200 rpm and 1500 rpm. Using the method of wavelet threshold de-noising to denoise the original signal and decomposing the denoising signal utilizing the wavelet packet transform, then 16 frequency bands of decomposed signal are got. After restructuring the decomposing signal and obtaining the signal energy in each frequency band, the signal energy of the 16 bands is as the shortlisted fault characteristic data. Based on this, using the methods of principal component analysis (short for PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (short for KPCA) to extract the feature from the fault features of shortlisted 16-dimensional data feature, then the effect of reducing dimension analysis are compared. The fault classifications are displayed through the information that got from the first and the second principal component and kernel principal component, and these demonstrate they have a different and good effect of classification. Meanwhile, the article discusses the effect of feature extraction and classification that caused by the kernel function and the different options of its parameters. These provide a new method for a gear system fault feature extraction and classification.     

基于价值函数的二维小波变换小波脊提取算法

条纹图存在噪声干扰时,将二维小波变换系数模的最大值作为小波脊,会产生较大误差。针对这一问题,提出了基于价值函数的二维小波变换小波脊提取算法。首先,提取二维小波变换系数模的最大值点,并将最大值90%的局部极值点提取出来,共同作为小波脊候选点;其次,在模上引入尺度因子的梯度,建立价值函数进而评估所有候选点的价值,利用对数Logistic模型进行权值调整改进,从而得到更加合理的价值估计;最后,使用动态规划思想准确找出最优的小波脊线,提取脊线处的相位即可得到包裹相位。其优势在于能准确解调信噪比较低的条纹图案,抗噪性能优于直接最大模的小波脊提取;并且只需投影一幅条纹图案即可重建物体形貌,可用于恶劣环境下的动态三维测量。计算机仿真和实验结果表明,对于含有噪声污染的条纹图,所提算法相较于最大模的小波脊提取算法,三维形貌恢复精度明显提高;而相较于全部局部极值点提取,其运算时间缩短了46.9%。同时,应用不同母小波于所提方法,仿真结果表明二维Cauchy小波具有更好的方向性和更高的精度。     

Feature extraction and soft computing methods for aerospace structure defect classification

This study concerns the effectiveness of several techniques and methods of signals processing and data interpretation for the diagnosis of aerospace structure defects. This is done by applying different known feature extraction methods, in addition to a new CBIR-based one; and some soft computing techniques including a recent HPC parallel implementation of the U-BRAIN learning algorithm on Non Destructive Testing data. The performance of the resulting detection systems are measured in terms of Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Precision. Their effectiveness is evaluated by the Matthews correlation, the Area Under Curve (AUC), and the F-Measure. Several experiments are performed on a standard dataset of eddy current signal samples for aircraft structures. Our experimental results evidence that the key to a successful defect classifier is the feature extraction method – namely the novel CBIR-based one outperforms all the competitors – and they illustrate the greater effectiveness of the U-BRAIN algorithm and the MLP neural network among the soft computing methods in this kind of application.     

Feature extraction and classification for detecting the thermal faults in electrical installations

This paper proposed an effort to investigate the suitability of input features and classifier for identifying thermal faults within electrical installations. The features are extracted from the thermal images of electrical equipment and classified using a multilayered perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and support vector machine (SVM). In the experiments, the classification performances from various input features are evaluated. The commonly used classification performance indices, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under curve (AUC), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and F-score are employed to identify the most suitable input feature as well as the best configuration of classifiers. The experimental results demonstrate that the combination of features set T_max, T_delta and DT_bg produce the best input feature for thermal fault detection. In addition, the implementation of SVM using radial basis kernel function (RBF) produces slightly better performance than the MLP artificial neural network.     

A study on the evaluation of the micro grooving using the AE technology

This study describes evaluation and monitoring methods of machining characteristics for developed micro grooving machines. Experiments were conducted under various process conditions such as spindle revolution speed, feed rates, and depth of groove. V and U shape of blades and STD11 were used in this experiment. The status of grooving was evaluated through analysis of the acoustic emission (AE) signal resulted in each process condition. Based on the analysis, this paper examines the possibility of monitoring adapting fuzzy logic. In conclusion, this paper presents the possibility of monitoring in process adapting AE technology and appropriate micro grooving conditions.     

Contourlet域手写签名鉴别特征提取

手写签名验证是一种根据手写笔迹判断书写人身份的一门科学和技术。与联机签名鉴定相比,脱机签名鉴别受设备约束少,具有更广的实用范围。然而,由于脱机签名鉴定丢失了书写过程中的动态信息,鉴定难度大。本文针对脱机手写签名鉴定的特点,提出了基于Contourlet和分形维的特征选取方法,将传统的结构特征与统计特征有机结合起来。运用K-L变换对已提取的特征向量进行降维,最后输入支持向量机进行真伪鉴别。实验结果表明了本文算法的高识别性。     

基于声发射信号的铣削加工表面粗糙度预测技术研究

使用声发射技术对铣削过程进行监测,通过对声发射信号进行频域分析,比较不同频段的能量比来在线预测加工后的表面粗糙度.