HRB400钢筋材料疲劳裂纹扩展性能试验研究

以直径40mm的HRB400钢筋为研究对象,采用紧凑拉伸试件,裂纹扩展设计为沿钢筋径向和轴向两个方向,分别开展了应力比为0.02、0.1、0.2、0.3和0.5下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验以及疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的测定试验,得到了不同应力比、不同试件取向下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率参数,测得了疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值。对试件的疲劳断口进行了微观分析,对比了两种试件取向下疲劳裂纹扩展性能的异同。试验结果表明：铁素体/珠光体沿钢筋轴向呈条带状分布;疲劳裂纹扩展速率随应力比的增大而增大,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随应力比的增大而减小;径向疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线在裂纹扩展的初始阶段存在一个转折点,轴向疲劳裂纹扩展性能对应力比的变化更为敏感;钢筋在径向抵抗疲劳裂纹扩展的性能优于轴向方向;径向试件的韧性断裂特征明显,主要以穿晶断裂模式进行扩展,轴向试件脆性断裂形貌显著,主要以沿晶断裂模式进行扩展。     

钢结构桥梁焊接节点腐蚀疲劳研究进展

为深化对钢桥焊接节点腐蚀疲劳问题的认识,通过对既有研究成果进行梳理,从钢桥腐蚀原因及特点、焊接节点腐蚀疲劳性能影响因素及焊接节点腐蚀预测模型等方面进行了总结,探讨了钢桥焊接节点腐蚀疲劳研究的现状和发展趋势。针对环境腐蚀下疲劳裂纹萌生机理,重点讨论了点蚀疲劳损伤过程。基于3种典型的腐蚀疲劳模型(叠加模型,竞争模型和乘积模型),对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展机理进行了综述。对基于S-N曲线、Miner线性累积损伤理论和基于断裂力学裂纹扩展速率公式的两种主要的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测方法进行了归纳。研究结果表明:钢桥焊接节点腐蚀疲劳体现为环境介质和循环应力双重驱动下的裂纹扩展问题,其疲劳破坏模式、疲劳损伤机理、抗疲劳设计等问题更为复杂;钢桥腐蚀疲劳损伤驱动机理、腐蚀疲劳寿命评估方法及适用的疲劳性能强化技术,是钢桥的全寿命周期设计理论的重要基础和钢桥可持续发展亟待解决的重要研究课题。     

焊接、拉挤成型CFRP板与湿法缠绕成型CFRP布加固钢梁疲劳特性对比分析

采用3种不同方法,即焊接、碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)板或湿法缠绕成型CFRP布粘结,对有缺陷的钢梁进行加固,研究加固后钢梁的疲劳性能。选用了2种不同的CFRP材料和2种环氧树脂,对每根梁跨中截面的受拉翼缘进行削切。CFRP板和CFRP布加固钢梁的屈曲模式不同。研究发现,1层CFRP板和环氧树脂加固方法延长的疲劳寿命是单一焊接方法的7倍;4层CFRP布加固梁能够将疲劳寿命延长3倍。根据试验数据的平均值绘制S-N曲线,通过其预测类似CFRP材料加固钢梁的疲劳寿命,使用条形应变仪测定裂纹扩展速率。疲劳荷载作用下CFRP板抵抗裂纹扩展的性能优于CFRP布。最大应力和裂纹扩展速率之间的关系能够用于预测类似CFRP材料加固钢梁的裂纹扩展长度。     

核电含缺陷管道共振下疲劳裂纹扩展速率分析

针对核电一回路含缺陷主管道在内压波动、机械振动状况下,管道会产生明显的振动疲劳效应问题,建立了核电一回路含缺陷管道动态有限元模型研究动态特性对主管道疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。运用ABAQUS对核电一回路含缺陷主管道在静态内压和弯矩幅值下进行分析,得到静态裂纹应力强度因子及其前缘应力;然后对主管道在幅值相同的简谐循环载荷作用下进行分析,得到共振疲劳效应下的动态裂纹应力强度因子及其前缘应力;最后运用Paris公式分别得出静态与动态作用下疲劳裂纹扩展速率。研究结果表明:在内压及弯矩下,共振疲劳作用分别会提高裂纹最深点应力强度因子及其前缘应力50%~100%和16%~23%,同时二者分别会提高疲劳裂纹扩展速率将近5倍。     

钢桥面顶板与纵肋焊接细节典型疲劳裂纹三维扩展数值模拟

钢桥面顶板与纵肋焊接细节是正交异性钢桥面板主要疲劳易损细节之一,文章基于线弹性断裂力学原理,对钢桥面顶板与纵肋焊接细节典型疲劳裂纹三维扩展进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:典型疲劳裂纹应力强度因子及扩展速率为Ⅰ型裂纹为主导;Ⅱ、Ⅲ型裂纹对裂纹面的三维形态有较大影响,分析过程中应加以考虑;顶板与纵肋焊接细节焊根部位疲劳性能相对于焊趾部位较差,应在抗疲劳设计中引起重视。     

酸雨环境下Q420B钢材腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验与模型研究

为研究特高压输电塔所用Q420B结构钢在酸雨环境下的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为,开展了Q420B的CT试样在人工酸雨喷雾腐蚀环境下的腐蚀疲劳试验。试验采用背面应变法监测裂纹长度,研究喷雾方式、pH值、应力比对裂纹扩展速率的影响。试验现象及断口分析表明,CT试样的断裂类型主要为穿晶疲劳断裂,腐蚀疲劳机制主要为阳极溶解机制。对于各工况,基于Paris模型推导了考虑模型参数随机性及da/dN数据波动性的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率P-da/dN-ΔK模型。结果表明,腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率的离散性随应力强度因子幅的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,该现象与Paris模型参数的线性相关性有关;相较于浸泡腐蚀,喷雾腐蚀下的裂纹扩展阶段存在明显的裂纹闭合效应,导致在ΔK较低阶段喷雾工况裂纹扩展速率均低于纯疲劳工况;腐蚀液pH值越低,裂纹扩展速率曲线斜率越大,但其初始速率也越低;应力比方面,增大应力比能明显缓解裂纹闭合效应,且裂纹扩展速率随应力比的升高而升高。     

随机变幅荷载作用下焊接节点海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验

本工作采用国产海上平台用钢的T型和十字形板状焊接节点试件,模拟导管架臂节点的弯曲受力状态,在随机变幅荷载下进行了海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验,分别测得在海水自由腐蚀和阴极保护条件下的(~—da/dN)-AK~(NM)关系曲线。对于十字型焊接节点试件,根据试验测得的裂纹扩展速率曲线,用断裂力学方法对其海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命(有阴极保护)进行了估算,估算得到的裂纹扩展寿命曲线与试验数据,以及用线性累积损伤理论估算的寿命曲线,进行了分析比较和讨论。     

变幅荷载下钢桥疲劳裂纹扩展规律及长度预测方法研究

为探明变幅荷载对钢桥疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,该文以钢桥面板顶板-竖向加劲肋为构造细节,开展了9组常/变幅疲劳试验,对比分析常/变幅荷载下疲劳裂纹扩展行为,探讨载荷次序、过载比、高/低载循环次数对疲劳扩展行为的影响。在此基础上,采用Kujawski扩展模型对常/变幅疲劳扩展规律进行预测分析,并建议复杂变幅荷载下疲劳裂纹扩展的预测方法。结果表明,变幅荷载下的裂纹扩展存在迟滞和加速行为,其中由高应力幅变为低应力幅时会产生明显的扩展迟滞现象,并且过载比越大、高载循环次数越多,所产生的迟滞现象越明显。变幅荷载下各应力幅加载阶段的扩展速率与对应常幅扩展速率较为接近,可以将复杂变幅荷载下的疲劳裂纹扩展近似等效为多段常幅裂纹扩展,并利用Kujawski扩展模型实现对实际疲劳裂纹扩展长度的初步预测。现场测试及跟踪结果也验证了该文所提出裂纹长度预测方法的合理性。     

焊接钢梁裂纹扩展速率及其参数研究

通过对美国公路协作规划(NCHRP)的102号和147号报告中焊接钢梁A441(相当于我国的Q345钢)的疲劳试验数据进行再分析,得出疲劳裂纹扩展速率的概率分布,并对Paris裂纹扩展速率公式中的参数进行了统计分析,为我国老钢桥的剩余疲劳寿命的可靠性预测提供技术支持。     

塔式起重机结构件安全寿命评估

根据断裂力学分析方法，确立塔机结构件焊接节点在循环荷载作用下缺陷及裂纹的扩展速率。分析计算缺陷对结构件节点疲劳强度和疲劳寿命的影响，确定某塔机结构件断裂事故的发生原因。     

A comparative study on fatigue behaviour of steel beams retrofitted with welding,pultruded CFRP plates and wet layup CFRP sheets

This paper investigates the fatigue behaviour of defected steel beams retrofitted with three different methods, i.e., welding, welding and bonding with CFRP plates or CFRP woven sheets laminated via a wet lay-up process. Two different types of CFRP materials and two types of epoxies were selected in this study. An initial cut was made on the tensile flange in the mid span of each beam. Different failure modes were observed for beams retrofitted with CFRP plates and CFRP sheets. It was found that one layer of CFRP plate and epoxy strengthening system can extend the fatigue life of steel beams about 7 times comparing with beams repaired with solely welding method, while the fatigue life was extended abound 3 times for beams strengthened with 4 layers of CFRP woven sheets. Mean S–N curves were obtained based on the test data, that can be used to predict the fatigue life of steel beams retrofitted with similar CFRP materials. The crack propagation rate was measured using strip strain gauges. The CFRP plates showed better performance in resisting crack propagation than CFRP sheets under fatigue loading conditions. The relationship between the maximum stress and the crack propagation rate could be used to predict the crack length of beams retrofitted with similar CFRP strengthening systems.     

Fatigue Strength and Root-Deck Crack Propagation for U-Rib to Deck Welded Joint in Steel Box Girder

Fatigue tests and numerical analysis were carried out to evaluate the fatigue performance at the U-rib to deck welded joint in steel box girder. Twenty specimens were tested corresponding to different penetration rates (80 and 100%) under fatigue bending load, and the fatigue strength was investigated based on hot spot stress (HSS) method. The detailed stress distribution at U-rib to deck welded joint was analyzed by the finite element method, as well as the stress intensity factor of weld root. The test results show that the specimens with fully penetration rate have longer crack propagation life due to the welding geometry, resulting in higher fatigue failure strength. The classification of FAT-90 is reasonable for evaluating fatigue strength by HSS method. The penetration rate has effect on crack propagation angle near the surface, and the 1-mm stress below weld toe and root approves to be more suitable for fatigue stress assessment, because of its high sensitivity to weld geometry than HSS.     

钢筋蚀坑对其疲劳断裂特性的影响

基于降载勾线法,对人工钻孔模拟蚀坑的3根HPB300钢筋试件开展了疲劳裂纹扩展试验,并结合FRANC3D软件对钢筋疲劳裂纹扩展规律进行了数值分析.在此基础上,以不同应力幅值对12种尺寸的半椭圆形蚀坑钢筋模型的裂纹扩展过程进行了数值分析.结果表明:钢筋裂纹扩展速率前期缓慢增长,后期迅速增大;初始裂纹深度较大的钢筋疲劳寿命明显缩短;初始裂纹深宽比越大的钢筋疲劳寿命越短;应力幅值增大会使缺陷钢筋疲劳寿命缩短,并且初始裂纹深宽比越大的钢筋,其后期裂纹扩展速率增长越快,疲劳寿命缩短越明显.     

尺寸偏差对熔透焊缝连接疲劳强度(寿命)的影响

建立了对接熔透焊缝连接在疲劳荷载作用下的断裂力学计算模型 ,计算连接在疲劳荷载作用下不同阶段的裂纹扩展速率 ,分析存在不同尺寸偏差的连接的疲劳强度 (寿命 ) ,得出了尺寸偏差对熔透焊缝连接疲劳强度 (寿命 )的影响 ,可评估已建钢结构熔透焊缝连接在疲劳荷载作用下的疲劳强度 (寿命 ) ,控制新建结构熔透焊缝连接的尺寸偏差。     

钢绞线腐蚀后的部分预应力混凝土梁抗弯疲劳性能试验研究

对不同钢绞线腐蚀率下的部分预应力混凝土梁进行了静力和疲劳试验,通过分析开裂弯矩、跨中挠度、受拉区钢筋应变以及梁裂缝的发展规律,研究了钢绞线腐蚀率对部分预应力混凝土梁疲劳性能的影响。研究表明:钢绞线腐蚀会显著降低梁的疲劳寿命,是影响梁疲劳破坏形态的主要因素;腐蚀梁的挠度、应变和裂缝发展同样遵循无腐蚀梁的"三阶段"规律;在相同疲劳次数下,腐蚀率越大,受拉区非预应力钢筋的应变和梁的裂缝宽度越大,但梁跨中挠度受腐蚀率影响不显著。     

Effect of stress ratio on the enhancement of fatigue strength in high performance steel welded joints by ultrasonic impact treatment

In this study, we conducted fatigue tests under various stress ratios using cruciform welded joints to confirm the benefit of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) for the fatigue strength of welded joints. The material used in the experiment is the JIS SBHS500 high performance steel for bridges. The fatigue life of the peened weld joint by UIT is significantly longer than that of as-welded joints, especially at a low stress ratio. We also estimated the fatigue life of these cruciform joints by crack growth analysis based on the crack opening and closure simulation using the modified strip-yielding model, accounting for the residual stress distribution created by welding or UIT. These estimation results demonstrate good agreement with experimental results obtained at various stress ratios.     

Fatigue and fracture simulation of welded bridge details through a bi-linear crack growth law

This paper deals with the application of a probabilistic fracture mechanics approach to predict the fatigue life of welded steel details in the presence of cracks under bridge spectrum loading. It is based on a recently proposed bi-linear relationship to model fatigue crack growth and incorporates a failure criterion to describe the interaction between fracture and plastic collapse. The formulation leading to the expected number of cycles to failure is first outlined, followed by a simple example on a butt-welded detail. Uncertainty modelling, especially on fatigue crack growth parameters, is undertaken with the aid of recently published data in support of the bi-linear crack growth relationship. Results pertaining to fatigue reliability and fatigue crack size evolution are presented using simulation with Latin Hypercube Sampling, and emphasis is placed on a comparison between linear and bi-linear crack growth models. The latter is found to lead to higher fatigue life estimates and significantly different crack size distributions, both of which have implications on inspection schemes for steel bridge components.     

Fatigue crack growth behavior of a 170 mm diameter stainless steel straight pipe subjected to combined torsion and bending load

In a nuclear powerplant, the rotary equipment, such as a pump directly fitted with hanger in the piping system, experiences torsional and bending loads. Higher crack growth rate occurs because of this torsional load in addition to the bending load. Hence, it is necessary to study the fatigue behavior of piping components under the influence of combined torsional and bending load. In this study, experimental fatigue life evaluation was conducted on a notched stainless steel SA312 Type 304LN straight pipe having an outer diameter of 170 mm. The experimental crack depth was measured using alternating current potential drop technique. The fatigue life of the stainless steel straight pipe was predicted using experiments, Delale and Erdogan method, and area-averaged root mean square–stress intensity factor approach at the deepest and surface points of the notch. Afterward, the fatigue crack growth and crack pattern were discussed. As a result, fatigue crack growth predicted using analytical methods are in good agreement with experimental results.     

钢丝裂纹扩展估算模型及其在预腐蚀疲劳寿命计算中的应用

为给桥梁缆索高强度钢丝损伤容限分析提供实用的裂纹扩展计算参数,根据钢材相关试验的结果统计了珠光体钢丝门槛值ΔKth和裂纹扩展计算数据,建立适用于不同屈服强度和应力比的钢丝裂纹扩展经验模型。在此基础上,提出基于一维裂纹扩展假定的预腐蚀钢丝疲劳寿命预测方法,并对锈蚀钢丝恒幅和变幅疲劳寿命进行实例分析。结果表明,珠光体钢材的屈服强度和门槛值之间的相关性随着屈服强度和应力比的提高而增强|提出的钢丝裂纹扩展模型和初始裂纹深度假定可较好地模拟腐蚀钢丝恒幅疲劳试验的离散性和疲劳极限性质|腐蚀钢丝变幅疲劳评估结果对门槛值变化较敏感|按保守门槛值的预测寿命显示,轻微均匀锈蚀钢丝若及时采取养护措施,可在桥梁常规检修期内继续使用。