放电等离子烧结Gd/Gd5Si2Ge2复合材料磁热效应研究

以高纯钆和Gd5Si2Ge2合金为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了两组元Gdx(Gd5Si2Ge2)1-x(x=0,0.33,0.5,0.7,1)层状复合磁制冷材料.通过自制的磁热效应测量仪器直接测量了复合材料在外加磁场1.5 T下的磁热效应(ΔTad).随着复合比例的变化,材料的最大绝热温变(ΔTad)从x=0.3时的1.6 K增加到x=0.7时的2.0 K,而最大绝热温变峰的位置从286K变到了293 K.同时,与单组元的Gd5Si2Ge2合金相比,随着钆的含量增加时,复合材料的最大绝热温变峰变宽.当x=0.7时,层状复合磁制冷材料在外加磁场1.5 T下的最大绝热温变(ΔT)在260-310K范围里从1.1 K变到2.0 K,这种材料非常适合作为室温磁制冷材料.     

非化学计量比Gd5Si2Ge2合金的磁热性能研究

在使用纯度为99．94％（质量分数）的国产稀土金属Gd的基础上，研究了非化学计量比的Gd5Si2Ge2合金的磁热效应。结果表明：适量的非化学计量比可以使合金保持一级磁相变的特征并表现出巨磁热效应，而且还使居里点有所提高。     

快淬低纯Gd5Si2Ge2合金的结构和磁熵变

采用纯度为99%的低纯稀土金属Gd经电弧炉熔炼获得Gd5Si2Ge2 母合金,然后通过快淬研究快淬工艺对低纯Gd5Si2Ge2 合金结构与磁熵变的影响。粉末衍射结构分析表明,铸态Gd5Si2Ge2 合金由Gd5Si2Ge2 相、Gd5 (Si、Ge)3 相和Gd(Si、Ge)相所组成;而甩带速度为25、40m/s的合金均为Gd5Si4 型正交相。用最小二乘法计算得两种不同快淬速度合金的晶格常数没有明显差异。甩带速度为40m/s 的Gd5Si2Ge2 合金的居里温度(Tc=305K)在室温区间,等温磁熵变为7.25J/kg·K(0~5T)。     

低磁场条件下Gd5（Si1-xGex）4（x=0，0.2，0.3）合金磁热效应研究

用高频真空悬浮炉在氩气保护下制备了Gd5（Si1-xGex）4（x=0，0.2，0.3）系列样品，用直接测量方法测定了在永磁体提供的低磁场H=1.3T）条件下样品的磁热效应曲线（△Tad-T）．结果表明，用元素Ge分别替代Gd5Si4合金中的Si原子，不能增强合金的磁热效应，但可在333～300K范围改变材料的居里温度，且磁热效应峰值范围变宽．     

磁热效应和室温稀土磁制冷材料研究现状

室温磁制冷技术具有环保、可靠性好、效率高等优点.被认为是一种很有前景的新型制冷技术.概述了磁性材料的磁热效应概念以及磁热效应大小的表征方法,详细介绍了目前Gd5Si2Ge2、La(Fesi)13、RECo2及RE2Fe17等系列化合物稀土磁制冷材料的研究现状,并简要对比和评价了不同材料的相关性能,展望了室温稀土磁制冷材料的发展前景.     

反铁磁GdFe2Si2化合物的磁性和低温磁热性能研究(英文)

基于磁性材料相变过程中伴随的磁热效应而发展起来的磁制冷技术因其绿色环保和高效节能等优点而被广泛关注.高性能磁制冷工质材料的探索一直是本领域的研究热点也是难点之一.本文中,我们通过实验研究结合第一性原理计算,对Gd Fe₂Si₂化合物的晶体结构、磁性、磁相变以及低温磁热效应进行了系统研究,结果表明Gd Fe₂Si₂化合物基态为反铁磁且具有大的低温可逆磁热效应.在0–7 T的磁场变化下,其磁制冷参数包括等温磁熵变最大值和制冷能力分别高达30.01 J kg^-1K^-1和328.45 J kg^-1.这些磁制冷参数优于大多数目前已报道的同温区高性能稀土基磁制冷材料,表明反铁磁Gd Fe₂Si₂化合物在低温磁制冷领域同样具有潜在的应用前景.     

具有大磁熵变的Gd基四元合金

研究了以纯度为99.94%的Gd为原料配制的Gd5Si1.9Ge2Sn0.1四元合金的磁热性能.磁性测量表明,该四元合金在260～300K温度区间内,出现了两个居里温度;合金的最大磁熵变为-15.2J·kg-1·K-1(0～5T),并且具有较宽熵变峰值平台.通过合金的粉末衍射曲线对比分析表明,Gd5Si1.9Ge2Sn0.1合金和Gd5Si2Ge2合金具有相同相结构.     

低磁场条件下（Gd1-xREx）5Si4（RE：Dy,Tb；x=0、0.1、0.125、0.15）合金磁热效应研究术

用高频真空悬浮炉在氲气保护下制备了（Gd1-xREx）5Si4（RE：Dy,Tb；x=0、0.1、0.125、0.15）和（Gd1-xREx）5Si4（x=0.1、0.125）合金样品，用直接测量方法测定了在永磁体提供的低磁场（H=1．3T）条件下样品的磁热效应曲线（△Tab-T）；结果表明，用稀土金属Dy、Tb分别部分替代Gd5Si4合金中的Gd原子，不能增强合金的磁热效应，但可在333～300K范围改变材料的居里温度，且磁热效应峰值范围变宽．     

几种磁制冷材料的室温磁热效应

用高频悬浮炉(冷坩埚)熔炼了Gd5Si2Ge2、Gd4Sb1.5Bi1.5、Gd3Al2、Mn5Ge3等金属化合物.在磁场H=1.3T下,用XHY磁热效应测量仪直接测量它们的绝热温变△Tad,得到了这几种材料的居里点,并和金属Gd进行了比较.     

高能球磨Gd5Si1.8Ge1.8Si0.4合金的磁性能及相组成

采用电弧熔炼的方法制备了具有一级磁晶相变Gd5Si1.8Ge1.8Si0.4母合金,然后在不同时间条件下对其进行高能球磨,并研究球磨时间对该磁热合金的磁性能及相组成的影响.粉末XRD结果显示球磨没有改变Gd5Si2Ge2相,但拓宽了相应的布拉格衍射峰,这表明球磨后的合金的晶粒尺寸较小.另外,球磨后的合金中形成了一些非晶相.随着晶粒尺寸和磁畴的减小,与母合金相比,希望其滞后现象减小.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper and the planar oxygen 2p atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Les phases SrLa2Al2O7 et SrGd2Al2O7

SrLa₂Al₂O₇ and SrGd₂Al₂O₇ belong to the structural type Sr₃Ti₂O₇. In SrGd₂Al₂O₇ strontium and gadolinium occupy respectively the 12 and 9 coordinated sites, whereas in SrLa₂Al₂O₇ the homologous cations are statistically distributed. The fluorescence spectra of both phases activated by Eu³⁺ ions show that the only possible position of Eu³⁺ is the 9 coordinated site.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3高弹性模量玻璃（120GPa)，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，MgO,Al2O3,TiO2,Y2O3等具有较高单位体积离解能的氧化物有利于提高玻璃的弹性模量，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值低于测试值，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的堆导存在误差，因此利用Makishima-Mackenzie理论发展高弹性模量玻璃时应对MgO,Y2O3等氧化物的计算进行修正。     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

La2O3在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2微晶玻璃中的作用

在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2玻璃中添加不同数量的氧化镧，采用差热分析，X射线衍射及电子显微镜等技术研究了氧化镧对玻璃析晶过程与力学性能的影响。氧化镧的加入使玻璃中析出α－堇青石相的温度降低，同时避免了高膨胀方石英相的析出。随着氧化镧加入量的增加，玻璃整体析晶能力下降，微晶玻璃中晶相含量减少，晶粒尺寸增大，微晶玻璃的弹性模量与硬度减小，断裂韧性增加，体现出大尺寸长柱状金红石晶粒的增韧作用。     

Phase relations of the Li2O-Ta2O5-B2O3 and Li2O-WO3-B2O3 systems and promising nonlinear optical compounds in K2O-Ta2O5-B2O3 system

The subsolidus phase equilibria of the Li₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃, K₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃ and Li₂O-WO₃-B₂O₃ systems have been investigated mainly by means of the powder X-ray diffraction method. Two ternary compounds, KTaB₂O₆ and K₃Ta₃B₂O₁₂ were confirmed in the system K₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃. Crystal structure of compound KTaB₂O₆ has been refined from X-ray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic, space group Pmn2₁ (No. 31), with lattice parameters a = 7.3253(4) Å, b = 3.8402(2) Å, c = 9.3040(5) Å, z = 2 and D_calc = 4.283 g/cm³. The powder second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients of KTaB₂O₆ and K₃Ta₃B₂O₁₂ were five times and two times as large as that of KH₂PO₄ (KDP), respectively.     

Subsolidus phase equilibria in the Al2O3-CeO2-PbO and Al2O3-CeO2-RuO2 systems

The subsolidus phase equilibria in air for the Al₂O₃-CeO₂-PbO and Al₂O₃-CeO₂-RuO₂ systems were studied with the aim of obtaining information on possible interactions between a CeO₂-based solid electrolyte in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and other oxides. No ternary compound was found in either of the systems. The tie line in the Al₂O₃-PbO-CeO₂ system is between Al₂Pb₂O₅ and the CeO₂.     

Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2系统的分相与析晶

对Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2四元系统的分相与析晶进行了探讨．通过对不同组成点在热处理、化学处理各阶段的试样进行能谱分析、XRD分析及SEM分析，确认了SnO2分布在分相结构中的富硼碱相中；在该系统中SnO2晶体的析出有赖于分相过程；分相结构尺度限制了SnO2的析晶尺寸．试验结果表明，通过控制分相结构得到了负载于多孔富硅载体的纳米尺寸的SnO2材料．该材料具有较高的CO氧化催化活性．     

Quasiparticle dispersion of Sr2CuO2Cl2

Recent angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements for the insulating cuprate Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂ have provided the first experimental data which can be directly compared to the (theoretically) well-studied problem of a single hole propagating in an antiferromagnet. Some discrepancies withthe familiar 2D t— J model were observed. Here we discuss a comparison between the ARPES results and the quasiparticle dispersion of both (i) the extended t— t— J Hamiltonian and (ii) the three-band Hubbard model.     

High-pressure substitutions for Cd In Cd2Nb2O7 and Cd2Ta2O7

Substitutions into cadmium niobate of the type Cd_2?xA_xNb₂O₇ (x≤0.5) have been carried out at 58 kbars and 1100°C. The substituting A cations were Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn which are all smaller than Cd. Rhombohedral or triclinic distortions derived from cubic Cd₂Nb₂O₇ were achieved at values of x as low as 0.05. All the substituted phases appear to be centric at room temperature. Analogous substitutions into Cd₂Ta₂O₇ were also made.