木粉粒径对木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用不同粒径的木粉填充高密度聚乙烯制备木塑复合材料，研究了木粉粒径对木塑复合材料力学性能和加工流动性的影响。结果表明：木粉粒径对复合材料性能的影响十分明显，较大粒径的木粉有利于复合材料弯曲性能和冲击强度的提高。木粉粒径从100μm增加到850μm，复合材料弯曲强度增加10．4％，弯曲模量增加56．3％，冲击强度增加14．6％。随木粉粒径的增大，拉伸强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势，在200μm时出现最大值。木粉粒径对熔体流动速率（MFR）和密度的影响十分明显，大粒径的木粉使复合材料具有较高的MFR和较低的密度。     

烧成温度对Al2TiO5-ZrO2复合材料性能的影响

首先以平均粒径为6 μm的预合成Al2TiO5为初始原料,分散在Zr4 浓度为0.06 mol·L-1的氧氯化锆溶液中,以氨水为沉淀剂,将液相共沉淀形成的前驱体经650℃焙烧1 h,制得纳米ZrO2含量(w)分别为2%、5%、8%的Al2TiO5-ZrO2复合粉体;然后在复合粉体中加入6%聚乙烯醇(PVA)结合剂,以100 MPa压力制成53 mm×10 mm×10 mm试样,1 10 ℃干燥2 h后,经1 350、1 400、1 450、1 500℃保温2 h烧成制备了Al2TiO5-ZrO2复合材料.对烧后试样的显气孔率、抗折强度、热膨胀率进行了分析测定,借助XRD、SEM分析了Al2TiO5粉体物相组成及烧后部分试样的物相组成和显微结构,并研究了烧成温度对不同ZrO2含量试样的烧结性能、热膨胀性能、抗热震性能与显微结构的影响.结果表明:随着烧成温度的提高和ZrO2含量的增加,显气孔率与抗折强度呈现不规则的变化趋势,此种情况与预合成Al2TiO5粉磨后微粉的物相变化有关;烧成温度为1 500℃时,ZrO2含量为2%的试样,在1 250℃的热膨胀卒为0.16%,显微结构致密,抗热震性能好.     

粒径对煤矸石填充聚合物复合材料性能的影响

采用不同粒径的煤矸石粉填充高密度聚乙烯制备复合材料,研究了球磨时间对煤矸石粉体粒径的影响和粒径对煤矸石粉填充聚合物复合材料的力学性能的影响。结果表明：粒径对复合材料的性能影响明显,SEM照片显示超细煤矸石粉与HDPE相容性好;当粒径由100目提高到6000目,填充量为30％时,复合材料的弯曲模量提高了30．77％,弯曲强度提高了37．9％,拉伸强度也提高了20．12％,达到增强增韧的目的。     

粒径对煤矸石填充聚合物复合材料性能的影响

采用不同粒径的煤矸石粉填充高密度聚乙烯制备复合材料,研究了球磨时间对煤矸石粉体粒径的影响和粒径对煤矸石粉填充聚合物复合材料的力学性能的影响。结果表明:粒径对复合材料的性能影响明显,SEM照片显示超细煤矸石粉与HDPE相容性好;当粒径由100目提高到6000目,填充量为30%时,复合材料的弯曲模量提高了30.77%,弯曲强度提高了37.9%,拉伸强度也提高了20.12%,达到增强、增韧的目的。     

Cu粉粒径对PEEK/Cu导热复合材料性能的影响

以铜(Cu)粉为导热填料,采用模压法制备了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)/Cu导热复合材料,并研究了铜粉粒径对PEEK/Cu导热复合材料导热性能、力学性能及结晶性能的影响。结果表明:随着Cu粉粒径的增大,PEEK/Cu导热复合材料的力学性能逐渐下降;当Cu粉粒用量为30%、粒径为10μm时导热复合材料的导热系数达到最佳值0.396 W/(m·K),相比于纯PEEK提高了67.80%;熔融焓与结晶度随着Cu粉粒径的增大而逐渐减小,因而PEEK/Cu导热复合材料的结晶性能降低。     

钛酸铝含量对Al2O3-Al2TiO5复合材料性能的影响

以预合成钛酸铝和煅烧氧化铝为原料,按不同比例混合,湿法共磨至粒径<10 um,干燥后加入PVA溶液结合剂混合,经100 MPa成型后,在1 500℃3 h下烧成,制备出Al2O3-Al2TiO5复相陶瓷材料,并研究了钛酸铝含量对烧后试样显微结构与性能的影响.结果表明:(1)随着复相材料中钛酸铝含量的增加,试样的烧后线变化率、抗折强度与线膨胀率逐渐降低;(2)钛酸铝含量为50%的试样显微结构较为致密,抗折强度为25.2 MPa,室温-1 100℃的平均线膨胀系数仅为3.6×10-6℃-1;(3)其优良的抗热震性能归因于其低热膨胀及晶界应力的共同作用,该复相材料适于用作高温作业领域的抗热震耐火材料.     

Al_2TiO_5-Si_3N_4复合材料制备工艺研究

以Al2TiO5粉(自制)和α-Si3N4粉为原料,制备Al2TiO5-Si3N4复合材料.研究了Si3N4加入量(质量分数,分别为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%)、烧成气氛(氮气气氛和空气气氛)、烧成温度(1 450、1 500、1 550℃)、保温时间(2、3、4 h)对Al2TiO5-Si3N4复合材料性能的影响.研究结果表明,制备Al2TiO5-Si3N4复合材料较佳的工艺条件为:加入15%的α-Si3N4粉,在氮气气氛中于1 550℃保温2 h烧成.     

AgO/TiO_2纤维复合材料的制备及其杀菌性能

采用液相沉淀法将纳米氧化高银与二氧化钛进行复合。水热法处理得到二氧化钛纤维后,加入到制备氧化高银的反应液中,即液相沉淀法制取样品。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能谱(EDS)对纳米氧化高银颗粒的结构、形貌和元素含量分析进行表征。采用抑菌圈法,用制备的AgO/TiO2对枯草芽孢杆菌进行抗菌性能测试。结果表明,氧化高银与二氧化钛纤维的质量比为2:1时,杀菌效果最好。     

氢氧化镁粒径对阻燃聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

以三种粒径的氢氧化镁(1.5、3.1以及6.4μm)为阻燃剂,氢氧化镁与低密度聚乙烯共混,制备聚乙烯/氢氧化镁阻燃复合材料。研究氢氧化镁的粒径对复合材料力学性能、电学性能、阻燃性能以及热稳定性的影响。结果表明：当氢氧化镁粒径增至6.4μm,复合材料的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率分别降至14.2 MPa和199.0%。随着氢氧化镁粒径的增加,复合材料的阻燃性能逐渐提高。当氢氧化镁粒径增至6.4μm,复合材料的最大热释放速率降至350 kW/m²以下,氧指数(LOI)提高至22.8%。随着氢氧化镁粒径增加,复合材料的电学性能明显下降,介电损耗明显增加,体积电阻率由6.9×10¹³Ω·m降至1.5×10¹³Ω·m。综上分析,当氢氧化镁粒径为3.1μm,复合材料的综合性能最佳。     

Al含量对Al2TiO5-AlN-Al材料性能的影响

采用Al2TiO5粉和Al粉为原料,经100MPa压强成形后的试样,在氮气气氛下于1400℃下烧成2h,制备出Al2TiO5-AlN-Al复相陶瓷材料。研究了金属铝含量对烧后试样性能的影响。结果表明,随着复相材料中金属铝含量的增加,试样的抗折强度与线膨胀率逐渐增加。金属铝含量为20％的复相材料试样抗折强度为27．2MPa,抗热震性能优良。     

蓝晶石粒度对刚玉-莫来石材料性能的影响

以粒度为2～1mm和1～0.5mm的M60莫来石为骨料,以电熔白刚玉粉以及粒度分别为0.8～0.355mm、0.355～0.088mm和<0.088mm的蓝晶石为基质料,以少量二氧化硅微粉和苏州土为结合剂,制成36mm×36mm的试样,在110℃干燥24h后,分别在1200℃、1300℃、1400℃和1500℃保温3h煅烧,然后测定烧后试样的线变化率、显气孔率、体积密度和耐压强度。结果表明:(1)对于在各温度下煅烧后的试样,添加粒度<0.088mm蓝晶石的试样烧后线变化率和显气孔率较添加粒度>0.088mm蓝晶石的小,体积密度和耐压强度较添加粒度>0.088mm蓝晶石的大;(2)当添加粒度<0.088mm的蓝晶石时,随着煅烧温度的升高,试样的烧后线变化率、显气孔率、体积密度和耐压强度变化较小;当添加粒度>0.088mm的蓝晶石时,随着煅烧温度的升高,试样的烧后线变化率和显气孔率迅速增大,体积密度和耐压强度迅速减小。     

Effect of the particle size on the viscoelastic properties of filled polyethylene

Composites of surface treated and non-treated colloidal calcium carbonate and high-density polyethylene with different filler loading were prepared. Their viscoelastic properties were studied by dynamic strain sweep and small-amplitude oscillatory shear, and compared to those of the corresponding composites of micron-sized calcite. The specific surface area of the filler enormously increases as the average particle diameter becomes smaller than 600 nm, leading to a strong tendency to agglomeration (soft flocks) and aggregation (hard clusters that need attrition to be disintegrated). In nanocomposites, more and stronger filler clusters are formed than in microcomposites due to the large contact area between the particles. The clusters have different shapes and maximum packing than the nearly spherical primary particles, thus enhance the moduli and viscosity of the composites. The obtained results indicate that the higher moduli and viscosity of the nanocomposites is not a direct consequence of the particle size but is due to the presence of more agglomerates and aggregates. Clusters that are local structures and do not represent a space-filling filler network enhance the moduli in the low frequency region more than at high frequencies and increase the storage more than the loss modulus. The presence of strong local structures in the nanocomposites leads to weak log moduli-log frequency dependence in the low frequency (terminal) region. Polymer adsorption on the particles' surface results in a transient filler-polymer network and slow dynamics of the bound polymer, which contribute to the moduli of the complex fluid. The sum of all these factors leads to gradual increase in moduli and to a shift of the crossover frequency to lower values. Above a certain filler volume fraction, the composite responds as a viscoelastic solid (storage modulus>loss modulus over the whole frequency range and both moduli are frequency independent in the terminal zone of the log-log plot).     

Effect of the calcium alumino-titanate particle size on the microstructure and properties of bauxite-SiC composite refractories

Alkali resistance and thermo-mechanical properties of the transition zone of cement rotary kilns refractories are the key factors affecting their service life. Calcium alumino-titanate (CAT) containing bauxite-SiC composites were prepared using bauxite, SiC, CAT, Guang Xi white clay, α-alumina, and metallic silicon powder as starting materials and Al(H₂PO₄)₃ as the binder. The effects of the CAT particle size on the phase composition, microstructure, thermo-mechanical properties, and alkali resistance of the CAT-containing bauxite-SiC composites during firing were investigated. The results reveal that the CAT particle size strongly affects the composites’ microstructure and sintering densification. With decreasing particle size, the particle-particle and particle-matrix interfacial bonding deteriorates gradually. When CAT particles are added, the specimens show higher strength, refractoriness under load, and residual rupture strength than the specimens with fine CAT powders. Specimens with fine CAT powders show lower coefficient of thermal expansion compared to the specimens with CAT aggregates. The alkali attack test confirms that the bauxite-SiC composite refractories with CAT aggregates show better alkali resistance than those with CAT fine powder. According to the alkali mechanism, 1) K vapors penetrate the specimen through the open and connected pores and cracks, 2) K vapors react with anorthite and corundum to form kalsilite accompanied by the formation of a liquid phase and new cracks.     

Effect of zirconia particle size on the properties of alumina-spinel castables

The industrial application of alumina-spinel refractory castables has crucial requirements on the service performance. Thus, the effects of different sized desilicated zirconia particles on the castables microstructure, thermal-mechanical properties and high temperature elastic modulus have been investigated. The zirconia particle sizes were varied from 1000 µm to 2.5 µm (d₅₀). It was observed that the finer (below 88 µm) zirconia particles were beneficial to improve the cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) and the hot modulus of rupture (HMOR), but could not effectively enhance the thermal shock resistance. Fine zirconia particles can homogeneously disperse in the matrix and significantly promote the sintering process. Accompanied with the phase transformation of zirconia, both the high density of matrix cracks and the strong ceramic bonding (between the coarse grains and the matrix) were found in the refractory castables, which was responsible for an increase of CMOR. However, the binding characteristic could also give rise to the high stored elastic energy that was adverse to the thermal shock resistance, and the excessive amount of preexisting matrix cracks could induce more microdamage during the thermal shock. Additionally, it was proposed that the second-phase dispersion reinforcement and the highly ceramics bonding resulted in the superior HMOR when introducing fine ZrO₂ particles.     

The influence of particle size on the flow of initially fluidised powders

When particles are allowed to move over a horizontal surface, the effect of gas flow through them is to increase the distance over which they move, termed their mobility. This has already been shown for cases when gas is continuously passed through a current of particles, but this investigation shows that this is also true when the gas flow is only initially present. Experiments were conducted on a column of fluidised particles that were released into an enclosed channel by the removal of a wall, and the distance travelled by the particles was measured. The behaviour of fine particles (group A in the Geldart classification of fluidised particles) was distinct from that of larger particles.The mobility was modified when they were mixtures of different-sized particles. In particular, when there was no gas flow, the mobility was a maximum when the proportion of fine particles was 30% and the magnitude of this effect increased with the size of the coarser component of the mixture. All the different mixtures of particles acted in a similar manner with increasing mobility for a given gas flow rate with proportion of fine particles until roughly half the mixture was composed of fine particles, and there was then no further increase.     

Effect of wet screening on particle size distribution and coal properties

Wet screening is one of the methods used to remove fine material from the coal feed to gasification. Sasol Synfuels in South Africa undertook an investigation to quantify fine coal generation in the coal supply to gasification. Coal samples were wet screened in the laboratory and results compared to the normal dry screening procedure. It was found that the fines (−0.5 mm) increased almost five times when the coal was wet screened compared to dry screening. This study was subsequently initiated by Sasol Technology R&D to establish the mechanism of fine coal generation during wet screening, as well as the effect of wet screening on particle size distribution (PSD) and chemical properties of coal. Changes in the PSD and chemical properties of coal from individual coal sources used at Sasol Synfuels were compared. Composite coal samples with a predetermined PSD of all individual coal sources used at Sasol Synfuels were screened under wet and dry conditions. The PSD was again determined after screening, as well as the mineral composition (by X-ray diffraction) of the fines. Results indicated that wet screening caused clay minerals to be removed from the coal structure leading to an increase in the fines. This removal of minerals weakened the coal structure causing further size degradation of coarser fractions.     

微细物料颗粒大小的测定(续)

4.2 显微镜法 显微镜法包括使用光学显微镜和电子显微镜,是唯一可以观察和测量颗粒的方法。几种显微镜在测定颗粒大小时的性能如表3。     

Effect of particle size on the formation of Ti2AlC using combustion synthesis

This paper provides an insight into the effect of particle size of elemental metal powders and carbon source on the formation mechanism of Ti₂AlC MAX-phase ceramic produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The effect of titanium, aluminium and carbon particle size on the 2Ti+Al+C→Ti₂AlC reaction, the phase evolution of the final product and the porosity in both the green body and product has been examined. The effect of the carbon source in the form of graphite, carbon black and short carbon fibres on the reaction mechanism is explained. It is found that the particle size of the titanium and aluminium reactants had little effect on the phases formed but affected the green density of the reactants and the porosity in the final product. The carbon source used in the combustion reaction had an influence on the phases formed by the SHS reaction and was influenced by the dispersion of carbon particles and the titanium–aluminium particle contact.     

ZrB_2－刚玉莫来石质复合材料显微结构及力学性能的研究

通过对不同刚玉－莫来石含量的ＺｒＢ２材料力学性能及显微结构的研究，探讨了刚玉莫来石对ＺｒＢ２强度和韧性的影响，同时也分析了强化和韧化机制。     

Study on AlON phase evolution and densification behavior as a function of particle size and doping amount

Three groups of AlON powders with D₅₀ = 0.5, 1.1 and 2.7 μm (referred as P0.5, P1.1 and P2.7) were prepared to study the pressureless sintering behavior of AlON. These powders were doped with 0−0.75 wt.% Y₂O₃ to investigate the combined effect of powder size and doping amount on the phase transformation, microstructure evolution and densification process during heating. The addition of high additive amount to P0.5 and P1.1 powders resulted in massive transformation into α-Al₂O₃ and AlN, which resulted in agglomeration of α-Al₂O₃ and isolation of AlN. Although low amount of additive to all three powders can effectively inhibit agglomeration of α-Al₂O₃ and homogenization of particle size before sintering, its sintering ability is insufficient. 0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 wt.% Y₂O₃ is the optimal addition to P0.5, P1.1 and P2.7 powders, respectively, to obtain high density, i.e. the larger of AlON powder size, the more Y₂O₃ is needed.