物理碳、化学碳及混合碳对味精脱色的对比试验

为了提高味精生产中的中和液、混合液及味精水的透光率和合理的使用活性炭,研究了物理碳、化学碳及混合碳脱色效果.对2种不同透光率的中和液、3批混合液和味精水,按100mL样液中加入0.6 g活性炭条件和方法模拟生产进行脱色实验.结果表明:对中和液的脱色,用化学碳脱色要比物理碳脱色透光率高约30%;用物理碳对混合液和味精水脱色比化学碳脱色效果略好,而且可降低生产成本.     

活性炭脱色对大豆低聚糖质量的影响

采用活性炭对大豆低聚糖进行脱色,研究了活性炭用量、pH值、脱色时间及脱色温度对脱色率的影响。活性炭对大豆低聚糖脱色的优化条件为：活性炭加入量为1%,pH值3-4,脱色温度40℃,脱色时间为40min。     

油松花粉水解液的脱色研究

以活性炭为吸附剂,对油松花粉水解液进行脱色,研究了影响花粉水解液脱色的主要影响因素.实验结果表明,活性炭脱色最佳工艺条件如下:脱色时间30min,脱色温度70℃,加入活性炭量1.0g,pH值5.所得油松花粉水解液无色,氨基氮损失率为2.4%,表明活性炭对花粉水解液有着较强的脱色效果.     

臭氧-内电解协同作用处理印染废水的实验研究

选用实际印染废水为处理对象,探讨了臭氧协同内电解处理印染废水的效应,然后探讨了协同作用下铁碳比、铁碳量、进气量、溶液pH值、反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,臭氧协同内电解对印染废水的处理效果比内电解单独作用,臭氧单独作用时的效果好。实验结果显示,染料废水初始pH=3,铁碳比为1:2,铁碳量为100g,进气量为300L/h,反应时间为90min时处理效果最佳,脱色率达到98.25%以上,COD去除率达88.10%。     

利用活性炭处理铬黑T实验室废液的试验研究

选用活性炭对低浓度铬黑T实验室模拟废液进行脱色处理,通过活性炭用量、活性炭浓度,搅拌时间、pH值等变量,进行脱色率的试验.通过设计正交实验选出的最佳脱色条件为:活性炭用量1000mg/L,搅拌时间100min,铬黑T质量浓度15mg/L,pH为2.试验证明在此条件下进行脱色,脱色率都达到90%以上.     

活性染料原位光电催化脱色及其回用

使用以负载改性纳米TiO2的活性炭颗粒为填充电极的三维光电催化反应装置,对活性染料染色废水进行原位光电脱色处理,重点研究了活性炭用量、电压、pH值和无机盐对脱色反应的影响.将脱色后的染色废水回用于棉织物染色中,对染色织物的颜色特征进行了比较.结果表明:当活性炭用量适中时,活性染料染色废水的脱色率最好;pH为中性时对活性染料染色废水的脱色几乎无影响;氯化钠的添加有利于脱色效果的改善;脱色后废水可以回用于织物的活性染料染色中.     

地黄中水苏糖的分离与脱色

用超滤法和吸附法对地黄水苏糖提取液进行了初步分离和脱色。考察了微滤预处理、操作压力、温度及体积浓缩比对膜通量的影响,确定的最佳超滤工艺为:压力0.10 MPa,温度50℃,体积浓缩比8。应用该工艺可使w(水苏糖)由28.3%提高到40.5%,对溶液的脱色率达72.4%。将超滤透过液分别用活性炭、A l2O3和5种离子交换树脂进一步脱色,活性炭的脱色效果最佳,进而考察了活性炭用量、温度、脱色时间及pH对脱色率的影响。确定的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,活性炭0.3 g/L,脱色时间2.5 h,pH 4.0。在该条件下,脱色率可达99.1%。     

铁屑微电解法处理染料废水

采用铁屑微电解法对染料废水进行了处理,研究了反应机理,探讨了废水的pH值、反应时间以及铁炭质量比等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明:在pH值为3、铁碳比为4:1及反应时间100min时,经动态法处理的染料废水,COD_(Cr)去除率可达89%,脱色率达98.7%。     

GAC-UF一体化净水柱去除水中硝酸盐氮的研究

在硝酸盐氮浓度5～25 mg/L,pH值在5. 5～8. 5,进水流量75～150 mL/min,颗粒活性炭厚度在100～150 mm的变化条件下,考察了GAC-UF一体化净水柱对水中硝酸盐氮去除的效果,以及活性炭和超滤的协同去除效果。结果表明,随着活性炭厚度、硝酸盐氮浓度的增大,硝酸盐氮的去除率增加;在流量75 mL/min时,pH值为5. 5和8时,硝酸盐氮去除率分别可达25. 21%,23. 01%。协同实验表明,超滤对硝酸盐氮的去除率仅为3. 97%,而活性炭的去除率为14. 55%,但一体化净水柱的去除率达到23. 01%,表明颗粒活性炭和超滤具有协同作用。该装置对硝酸盐氮浓度不超过饮用水标准1. 25倍的原水,经处理后,可达到饮用水标准。     

中和-活性炭催化过氧化氢氧化法预处理脱墨废水的实验研究

采用中和-活性炭催化过氧化氢氧化法对旧报纸脱墨废水进行了预处理实验研究。探讨了中和实验、催化实验的各种因素对实验结果的影响,结果表明,20mL的CODcr值为31000mg/L、色度15000倍的脱墨废水,先用稀硫酸进行中和至pH=4,再用质量分数为30%的0.8mLH2O2和0.8g活性炭粉末在pH=3的条件下催化氧化19min,CODcr值降为2300mg/L,COD去除率达90%以上,色度降低为0倍,去除率为100%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。