适用于Ni3Al基合金IC6的NiCoCrAlY涂层研究

为了研制适用于IC6合金的NiCoCrAlY包覆涂层，采用离子电弧镀方法在Ni3Al基合金IC6上涂覆了NiCoCrAlY 5元包覆涂层，测试了涂覆涂层后IC6合金的主要力学性能和抗氧化抗腐蚀性能．结果表明，NiCoCrAlY涂层主要由γ(Ni)、γ′(Ni3Al)、β(NiAl)和α-Cr组成，可使IC6合金的抗氧化抗腐蚀性能得到明显改善，而且对IC6合金的主要力学性能无明显影响，是IC6合金一种较为理想的防护涂层。     

EB-PVD热障涂层对高温合金基体断裂特征影响的研究

采用EB－PVD方法在K3合金上（包括铸态和经标准热处理两种状态）沉积了由NiCoCrAlY金属粘结层和YSZ涂层顶层组成的双层结构的热障涂层,对未涂层和涂层试样的拉伸性能进行了评估,并分析了涂层的制备和中间处理过程中的基体的微观结构的变化。结果表明,在热障涂层的沉积以及中间处理过程中（真空前处理及后处理）,基体的铸态组织得到改善,产生了析出强化,使得在铸态K3合金基体上沉积热障兴层后基体的拉伸强度由800MPa提高到1050MPa,而在经过标准热处理的合金基体上沉积热障涂层对基体的力学性能几乎没有影响。     

合金成分对镍基合金激光熔覆涂层组织与性能的影响

为了研究激光熔覆镍基合金涂层显微组织与性能之间的关系,本文选用Ni25、Ni45、Ni60镍基自熔性合金粉末作为熔覆材料,在同一工艺参数下在45#钢基体上制得Ni25、Ni45、Ni60合金激光熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计等方法对涂层的显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度等进行了研究。结果表明从Ni25到Ni60合金涂层,随着合金元素含量的提高,涂层微观组织逐渐由亚共晶转变为过共晶,γ-Ni奥氏体枝晶所占体积分数减少,尺寸细化,枝晶间的共晶组织和硬质相所占的体积分数增大,涂层和基体之间结合带的宽度越来越窄,熔覆层的显微硬度越来越高。Ni25、Ni45合金涂层的平均显微硬度分别为250HV和550HV左右,而Ni60合金涂层的平均硬度却高达750HV左右,为Ni25合金涂层的3倍。     

NiCoCrAlY(Si)梯度涂层对Ni3Al基单晶合金IC6SX抗氧化性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂的方法在Ni3Al基单晶合金IC6SX上涂覆了NiCoCrAlYSi/NiCoCrAlY梯度涂层,研究了涂层对IC6SX合金1100℃抗氧化性能的影响.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段观察了氧化试样的微观结构,分析了氧化产物的成分及涂层氧化前后的相组成变化.结果表明:涂层表面形成了致密的氧化膜,氧化膜由内外两层组成,内层主要由Al2O3组成,外层主要由NiAl2O4及少量的Cr2O3组成;涂层有效地控制了Mo元素的扩散氧化,对IC6SX合金的抗氧化性能有明显改善.     

电热爆炸定向喷涂WC-Co涂层实验研究

采用电热爆炸定向喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了WC-17%Co硬质合金涂层.利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对涂层显微组织进行了分析,借助纳米硬度计测定了涂层的硬度和弹性模量.研究结果表明:涂层组织细小均匀,涂层致密,孔隙率低;涂层与基体结合良好,界面附近存在元素扩散现象,涂层与基体为冶金结合;涂层弹性模量在210GPa-250GPa之间;涂层硬度达到17.1GPa,为原始硬质合金硬度的1.3倍左右,远远高于其他传统喷涂层硬度.     

镍基喷焊涂层与钛合金基体界面特征的研究

考察了三种工艺制备的镍基喷焊涂层与钛合金基体结合界面的组织形貌、涂层横切面上合金元素的扩散和显微硬度的变化,分析了它们的界面特征及影响因素.结果表明:镍基喷焊涂层与基体钛合金的结合是基于合金元素扩散的冶金结合,合金元素的扩散对涂层与基体能否形成冶金结合具有决定性的影响,钛合金表面的活化处理、涂层合金重熔时液态停留时间以及喷焊后进行时效处理是影响合金元素扩散的主要因素.     

高中频感应熔涂Ni60涂层组织分析

分析了高频、中频感应熔涂Ni60涂层的显微组织。结果表明，高频感应熔涂Ni60涂层与基体形成了良好的治金结合，在涂层与基体之间存在明显的扩散转移层。高频感应熔涂涂层组织均匀细致，有丰富的增强耐磨性的硬质相。相比之下，中频感应熔涂涂层基本上均为针状组织，形成贫铬区倾向较大。     

NiCoCrAIY（Si）梯度涂层对Ni3Al基单晶合金IC6SX抗氧化性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂的方法在Ni3Al基单晶合金IC6SX上涂覆了NiCoCrAlYSi／NiCoCrAlY梯度涂层,研究了涂层对IC6SX合金1100℃抗氧化性能的影响。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段观察了氧化试样的微观结构,分析了氧化产物的成分及涂层氧化前后的相组成变化。结果表明：涂层表面形成了致密的氧化膜,氧化膜由内外两层组成,内层主要由Al2O3组成,外层主要由NiAl2O4及少量的Cr2O3组成;涂层有效地控制了Mo元素的扩散氧化,对IC6SX合金的抗氧化性能有明显改善。     

扩散处理对低温粉末渗铝涂层组织及硬度的影响研究

采用粉末包埋渗铝方法在K418B镍基高温合金表面制备了铝化物涂层，并在真空条件下对其进行了1080℃/4h扩散处理，采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、电子探针、X射线衍射仪和维氏硬度计等分析了扩散处理前后试样的横截面显微形貌、涂层成分、主要元素分布、相结构及硬度。结果表明：扩散处理有利于涂层中元素的互扩散；扩散处理后，涂层厚度由扩散处理前的53.37μm增长至95.14μm，涂层主要相组成由ε-Al₃Ni相转变为β-NiAl相，涂层硬度从450HV_0.01降低至350HV_0.01；扩散处理使涂层与基体合金之间形成一层紧密结合的互扩散区，增强了涂层结构稳定性。     

MoNbTaTiW难熔高熵合金表面硅化物涂层的制备与抗氧化机理

解决难熔高熵合金在高温下的抗氧化问题是其应用于工程的前提,在难熔金属表面制备抗氧化涂层是提高其抗氧化性能的有效途径。采用料浆熔烧法在MoNbTaTiW难熔高熵合金表面制备复杂硅化物抗氧化涂层（Si-20Cr-20Fe）,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射（XRD）等研究原始硅化物涂层及其在1 300℃氧化后的显微结构、物相和成分,探讨Si, Fe, Cr在涂层中的扩散规律和涂层的抗氧化机理。结果显示：熔烧后的原始硅化物涂层由金属与硅反应生成的二硅化物、5/3硅化物和三元硅化物Cr₄Nb₂Si₅组成,硅化物涂层与基体之间形成了良好的扩散反应界面。1 300℃氧化后,Si, Fe, Cr 3种元素向基体扩散,扩散反应界面向基体方向移动,涂层厚度增加,扩散反应界面的结构与成分与原始复杂硅化物涂层的无显著差别。氧化后涂层表面形成了由CrNbO₄,SiO₂,WO₃和Fe₂SiO₄组成的无裂纹致密氧化物层,...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from