TiO2粉末介质介入铝合金电阻点焊熔核形核电阻特征分析

以TiO2粉末作为添加介质进行铝合金电阻点焊. 焊接过程中利用实时传感技术对电阻点焊熔核形核过程的电极电压与焊接电流信号进行实时检测,通过对检测信号的计算和分析得到熔核形核动态电阻曲线,研究TiO2粉末介质对熔核形核与生长过程电阻特征的影响. 结果表明,随着TiO2粉末介质的介入,熔核形核动态过程发生变化,表现出不同的动态电阻特征. 由动态电阻曲线提取的接触电阻、终了电阻和形核电阻热效应3个特征值均能反映TiO2粉末介质对熔核形核质量特征的影响,且终了电阻、形核电阻热与焊点最大承载力高度线性相关,可作为检测熔核形核质量的依据.     

不锈钢电阻点焊过程中的动态电阻变化规律分析

对利用自动数据采集技术获取的不锈钢点焊过程中的动态电阻信息进行系统研究.结果表明,不锈钢点焊过程中动态电阻能够灵敏且有规律地反映点焊工艺参数的变化,蕴含着丰富的点焊质量信息.焊接过程中动态电阻变化与熔核生长过程具有明显的对应关系,动态电阻曲线的拐点时间及终点值等特征量分别与熔核出现时间和最终熔核尺寸有很强的相关性.点焊过程喷溅会导致动态电阻骤降,其动态电阻变化率曲线在相应位置出现尖峰,为喷溅的自动识别提供了依据.     

钛合金微电阻点焊电极间电压质量检测技术

文中针对微点焊的特点采用电压信号监控点焊质量.焊接过程中电压通过自动数据采集系统获取.首先分析并解释了电压曲线的变化趋势,指出电压曲线的峰值就是β峰值;进而从电压曲线中提取了4个特征值用于预测熔核直径并将其作为人工神经网络的输入.预测输出的熔核直径与实测直径的误差为0.13 mm,结果表明,利用电压信号监测钛合金微电阻点焊质量是一种非常有效、经济的手段.     

On-line evaluating on quality of mild steel joints in resistance spot welding

A method was developed to realize quality evaluation on every weld-spot in resistance spot welding based on information processing of artificial intelligent. Firstly, the signals of welding current and welding voltage, as information source, were synchronously collected. Input power and dynamic resistance were selected as monitoring waveforms. Eight characteristic parameters relating to weld quality were extracted from the monitoring waveforms. Secondly, tensile-shear strength of the spot-welded joint was employed as evaluating target of weld quality. Through correlation analysis between every two parameters of characteristic vector, five characteristic parameters were reasonably selected to found a mapping model of weld quality estimation. At last, the model was realized by means of the algorithms of Radial Basic Function neural network and sample matrixes. The results showed validations by a satisfaction in evaluating weld quality of mild steel joint on-line in spot welding process.     

Quality evaluation in small-scale resistance spot welding by electrode voltage recognition

This study focuses on weld quality evaluation by electrode voltage in small-scale resistance spot welding of titanium alloy. Voltage curve could be divided into four stages based on the variation characteristic. The single voltage peak was detected as combined effects of increasing bulk material resistivity and nugget size. Variations of voltage curve shape, voltage peak and failure load were more sensitive to welding current than electrode force. A generalised regression neural network was proposed to evaluate weld quality using features extracted from voltage signal. A discrete Hopfield neural network was also applied for electrode voltage recognition. The recognised voltage patterns were found effective in identifying different quality levels. A real-time and on-line quality monitoring system could be developed.     

A cooperative control strategy of resistance spot welding process by combining the constant current control with the DRC method

The modeling control method based on the dynamic resistance characteristics of good nuggets, that is the DRC method, is an improvement on the dynamic resistance threshold method for the quality control of resistance spot welding. But there is still a control blind area in the initial four cycles. For this reason, the quality of every weld nugget could not be fully ensured. Thus a new fuzzy cooperative control method is put forward. It uses a multi-information time-control mechanism by combining the constant current control technology with the DRC method in a relay way. This whole-process control strategy has led to a good control effect and produced the dual-identicul results in the weld nugget quality and the welding time.     

基于功率信号动态特征的钛合金电阻点焊熔核直径预测

为了实时预测0.4?mm厚度的TC2钛合金电阻点焊焊接接头熔核直径,采用罗氏线圈获取焊接过程中的焊接电流的变化情况,利用上、下电极间导线测量焊接过程中电压曲线,在此基础上获取电阻点焊过程中的焊接功率曲线.?分析焊接功率曲线在焊接过程中的变化情况,并从曲线中提取表征焊接质量的特征值.?结果表明,焊接功率曲线不仅与动态电阻...     

电阻点焊熔核形核信息的声发射信号表征

以结构负载压电传感的方式,研究借助声发射信号表征电阻点焊铝合金过程的熔核形核信息,包括焊接过程的声发射信号表征和熔核质量信息的声发射信号表征.结果表明,电阻点焊不论是稳定形核还是非稳定形核均可以用声发射信号来表征熔核形核的不同物理阶段.熔核形核的飞溅、开裂等特征事件也可以利用电阻点焊过程声发射信号的形核声发射特征参数来予以界定.声发射特征参数与熔核形核尺寸、焊点拉剪载荷具有较好的相关性.可以使用焊接过程中的声发射特征参数作为检测或预测熔核形核尺寸和焊点拉剪载荷的依据之一.     

Experimental study on electrode displacement fluctuation characteristics during resistance spot welding

Abstract

Electrode displacement has been used to monitor resistance spot weld quality for long, but the fluctuation of the electrode displacement has not been well studied. This paper analysed the mechanism of the displacement fluctuation by collecting the welding current and electrode displacement during welding process and extracted the incremental pulse expansion of the electrode displacement, which was named as the displacement fluctuation peak. Through metallurgical experiments, the relationship of the displacement fluctuation peak with the weld nugget growth during resistance spot welding process was analysed. The whole process can be divided into four successive stages, and five characteristic points of the displacement fluctuation peak curve were selected to online predict the weld quality. The variation in the displacement fluctuation peak curve under different welding currents was studied, and the results showed that the displacement fluctuation characteristics can be used to effectively evaluate the weld quality.     

电阻点焊质量在线无损估测

采用动态电阻法建立了低碳钢电阻点焊熔核直径的人工神经网络模型,该模型为3层BP向前网络结构,通过大量正交试验训练获得其模型数据。将模型数据移植到C语言中,建立了熔核直径在线估测系统。该系统有望应用于实际生产的质量监控。     

热处理工艺对TRIP980钢板点焊性能的影响

采用不同焊接工艺对TRIP980钢板进行点焊试验,研究了焊接电流、焊前预热及焊后热处理工艺对点焊性能的影响. 结果表明,随着焊接电流的增大,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力均增大,但当电流过大而发生飞溅时,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力开始减小. 焊前预热工艺可提高点焊飞溅电流,进而可以获得更大的熔核直径及拉剪力. 在对焊点进行焊后热处理的情况下,当焊接电流与焊后热处理电流之间的冷却时间超过900 ms时,可显著改善熔核组织,降低熔核硬度,提高焊点拉剪力.     

钛合金胶接点焊与电阻点焊接头性能对比分析

分别对1.5 mm厚的钛合金板进行胶接点焊和电阻点焊连接,获得了不同焊接电流下的胶接点焊和电阻点焊接头,从熔核的C扫描图像、接头的失效载荷和断口形貌等方面,对比分析了胶接点焊和电阻点焊的接头强度及失效样貌. 结果表明,通过观察A扫描信号的变化与C扫描图像的特征,能够很好的划分接头的热影响区、熔合区、熔核区以及检测出接头的熔核直径和焊接缺陷. 随着焊接电流(7.0～10.0 kA)的逐渐增大,接头熔核直径及失效载荷呈递增趋势;当焊接条件相同时,胶接点焊接头的熔核直径普遍大于电阻点焊接头,但接头的强度相当. 当电流在7.0～8.5 kA时,接头强度不足,熔核区的断口处出现大小不等的韧窝,呈现出韧性断裂特征;当电流为10.0 kA时,接头强度较高,主要呈现出韧性断裂与准解理断裂特征.     

基于PCA-SVM方法的点焊质量评估

通过对电阻点焊过程电极位移和动态电阻信号的实时采集和时域特征分析,利用电阻信号动态特征刻画熔核形成不同阶段,从同步电极位移信号中提取9个特征参量建立输入样本数据集.以焊点接头抗剪强度作为焊点质量的评价指标,将PCA(主成分分析)方法与传统的SVM(支持向量机)回归分析相结合,利用PCA方法对支持向量机的输入样本数据集进行主成分分析,消除了输入特征参量间的自相关性,实现数据降维后作为支持向量机的输入,建立焊点质量映射模型.交叉有效性预测结果表明,基于PCA-SVM的算法增强了SVM的泛化能力,比传统的SVM算法具有更高的预测精度.     

异种钢电阻塞焊工艺优化及接头性能分析

采用一种新型复合焊接工艺——电阻塞焊对1.5 mm等厚TRIP980高强钢/SPCC低碳钢板进行焊接,利用正交试验优化其焊接参数,随后增加焊前预热,分析对比无预热和焊前预热两种条件下较优焊接参数时接头的力学性能及组织、硬度特点.结果表明,各焊接参数对接头的拉剪载荷影响程度由大到小依次为焊接电流、填充物直径、焊接时间及电极力;在电极头端面直径为8 mm的条件下,填充物直径为5.5 mm时的接头力学性能优于其它直径;相同焊接参数时,焊前预热塞焊接头的拉剪载荷比无预热提高7%以上;两种条件下较优焊接参数时,焊前预热塞焊接头的熔核偏移量小于无预热,熔核和熔合区的硬度比无预热时有所下降,熔合区脆硬马氏体组织比无预热少;焊前预热塞焊接头断口为韧性断裂,无预热塞焊接头断口为脆性断裂;其主要机理是,预热减小了熔核区金属过热倾向,使熔核扩展均匀,熔合区脆硬组织减少,有利于接头强度的提高.     

铝合金点焊的多场耦合建模与动态过程数值模拟(英文)

基于铝合金点焊的热、机、电及相变原理,建立热电力耦合场的轴对称有限元数值仿真模型,实现对焊接区温度场、电场、应力应变的动态模拟。发现了焊接电流变化激发的铝合金动态电阻"瞬态逆向虚变效应",揭示了过程热电耦合瞬态与稳态差异性作用机理,阐释了焊接电流增加而瞬态电阻骤降的反常现象。基于铝合金点焊稳态仿真与实验结果修正了动态电阻数值计算模型。AA5182的计算与实验结果表明,考虑动态电阻"瞬态逆向虚变效应"的动态仿真模型能够精确描述焊接电流调整过程中的电参数动态变化和铝合金焊点熔核的生长过程。     

铝合金电阻点焊熔核截面反演成像

将反演理论及正则化方法用于熔核横截面电流反演成像,以反演图像直观判断焊点质量,扩大铝合金电阻点焊在对焊点质量要求较高领域中的应用.首先,建立熔核截面电流分布和周围磁感应强度关系的正演模型,并通过试验验证模型的可靠性;其次,建立反演模型,通过数值试验验证反演模型的可行性;最后,点焊成像试验,将测量的磁场信号反演为熔核截面的电流分布信息,并以图像形式显示.结果表明,反演图像反映了熔核截面电流分布特点,能够反应熔核质量的好坏,可以作为判断熔核质量的依据;正则化参数的选择影响反演图像的质量,过大或过小,反演图像都将偏离实际情况.     

基于信号特征提取的电阻点焊质量在线评判

以焊点接头强度作为焊点质量评判的指标,通过对点焊过程焊接电流、动态电阻、电极位移信号的同步采集和特征分析,提取若干特征参量监测点焊过程,依据特征参量与焊点接头抗剪强度间的相关分析结果,选取来自不同监测信号的7个特征参量建立了表征点焊过程的特征模式,并将此转化为计算机可以识别的模式矩阵,同时以焊接电流参数为模式分类的依据,建立不同模式矩阵类别和焊点接头抗剪强度之间的映射,将模式矩阵作为Hopfield神经网络的记忆样本存储于网络,利用网络联想记忆的功能实现对未知样本点焊过程的模式识别,进而实现点焊质量的评判。网络测试结果表明,利用Hopfield网络进行焊点质量在线评判可以得到满意的效果。     

基于BP神经网络的DP600点焊熔核参数建模

以焊接电压、焊接电流构造输入向量,熔核直径、热影响区外径和焊接区焊后厚度为输出量,建立DP600高强钢电阻点焊的熔核参数模型。推导了梯度下降法、动量梯度法和共轭梯度法三种权值算法,并用实际试验数据对模型进行训练和预测。结果表明,共轭梯度法训练后的预测结果误差率最低,所有参数的误差在8%内,平均误差在4%内,可用于在线检测来提高产品质量。     

DP780双相钢电阻点焊的数值模拟及试验验证

为了提高实际生产中的焊点质量,探究影响焊点质量的因素,针对厚度分别为1.6和2.0 mm的DP780样片组,建立电阻点焊过程的轴对称有限元模型,采用融合力场、热场、电场及微观组织结构的耦合分析模型模拟点焊熔核形成过程,研究点焊加热及冷却过程中的温度场分布特点,确定熔核尺寸和抗剪强度指标.通过试验测定实际点焊接头的熔核尺寸以及抗剪强度.结果表明,模拟预测的熔核尺寸、失效剪切力与试验值之间误差分别为2.05%和13.6%;焊接过程中的飞溅是导致误差的主要原因.     

基于二维DIC技术的电阻点焊板件变形分析

结合二维数字图像相关技术(DIC),针对焊接电流、通电时间及电极力对电阻点焊过程中工件翘曲变形量的影响规律进行了深入研究和讨论. 结果表明,利用二维DIC技术获得的工件变形过程与电阻点焊各个阶段相吻合,而且具有较高的精确度. 随着焊接电流和通电时间的增大,熔核形成造成的翘曲变形增大;随着电极力的增大,熔核形成造成的翘曲变形减小,同时电极下压造成的变形增大.二维数字图像相关技术在电阻点焊过程中的首次尝试为电阻点焊工艺的研究和焊接质量的提高提供了新的方法,对电阻点焊工艺的发展和完善具有重要意义.