酚醛泡沫的制备

介绍两种酚醛泡沫的制备,一种是用加热方法制备酚醛泡沫,另一种是尿素改性酚醛泡沫的制备。用加热方法制备的酚醛泡沫,其性能比常温发泡有很大改观：泡沫的压缩强度较常温发泡提高一倍左右,吸水率降至原来的一半,导热系数由原来的 ００３３ Ｗ／ｍ ·ｋ 降至 ００２８ Ｗ／ｍ ·ｋ,泡沫很均匀、细腻。尿素改性酚醛泡沫,其性能介于加热发泡和常温发泡两种酚醛泡沫之间,但可降低成本。     

酚醛泡沫的制备

介绍两种酚醛泡沫的制备，一种是用加热方法制备酚醛泡沫，另一种是尿素改性酚醛泡沫的制备。用加热方法制备的酚醛泡沫，其性能比常温发泡有很大改观；泡沫的压缩强度较常温发泡提高一倍左右，吸水率降至原来的一半，导热系数由原来的０．０３３Ｗ／ｍ·ｋ，泡沫很均匀，细腻，尿素改性酚醛泡沫，其性能介于加热发泡和常温发泡两种酚醛泡沫之间，但可降低成本。     

酚醛泡沫的制备

研究了两酚醛醛泡沫的制备,一种是用加热法制备酚泡沫,另一种是尿素改性酚醛泡沫的制备。实验表明,用加热方法制备的酚醛泡沫,压缩强度较常温发泡提高一倍左右,吸水率降至原来 一半,导纱数由来的０．０３３Ｗ／ｍ．Ｋ降至０．０２８Ｗ／ｍ．Ｋ,泡沫均匀、细腻。     

酚醛泡沫的制备

本文介绍两种酚醛泡沫的制备,一种是用加热方法制备的普通酚醛泡沫,另一种是用尿素改性的酚醛泡沫的制备。前者的压缩强度较常温发泡提高一倍左右,吸水率降至原来的一半,导热系数由原来的0．033W／m·k降至0．028W／m·k,后者性能介于前者和常温发泡两种酚醛泡沫之间,但可降低成本。     

酚醛泡沫的增韧改性研究

本文介绍了酚醛泡沫制备中所用的发泡助剂及其发泡机理,系统地介绍了酚醛泡沫增韧改性的各种方法.     

中央空调通风系统用铝箔/MPF泡沫复合板的研制

用三聚氰胺改性酚醛发泡树脂，研制成功中央空调通风系统用铝箔／改性酚醛(MPF)泡沫复合板。铝箔／MPF泡沫复合板较铝箔／酚醛(PF)泡沫复合板各项性能都有提高，采用的连续湿法生产工艺可同步完成发泡、固化、覆铝箔过程。该复合板绝热耐用、质轻节能、美观清洁、气密隔音、耐火防水，具有广阔的市场前景。     

专利

<正>一种有机–无机复合改性阻燃酚醛泡沫公开号:CN104262898A公开日:2015-01-07申请人:北京化工大学摘要本发明公开了一种有机-无机复合改性阻燃酚醛泡沫,通过甲醛、苯酚、有机改性剂在碱性条件下合成改性的热固性酚醛树脂,然后经真空脱水到一定黏度后,加入表面活性剂、发泡剂、固化剂、无机改性剂,搅拌均匀进行发泡。其中有机改性剂是长链的多官能度缩水甘油醚,它能够改善传统酚醛泡沫的脆性,减少泡沫的掉渣率,无机改性剂是尿素插层的纳米蒙脱土,在补强有机改性酚醛泡沫阻燃性的同     

基于生物质单宁的低甲醛释放量酚醛泡沫制备与性能

利用生物质单宁取代部分苯酚,定量尿素作为甲醛捕捉剂,制备了单宁改性可发泡酚醛树脂,然后以硫酸与对甲苯磺酸混合酸作为固化剂,正戊烷为发泡剂,制备了单宁改性酚醛泡沫。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对树脂结构进行了表征,依据GB/T 30694–2014检测了不同单宁用量对酚醛泡沫甲醛释放量的影响,使用电子万能试验机和极限氧指数(LOI)仪检测了不同单宁用量对酚醛泡沫力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,改性酚醛泡沫pH为6;当加入的单宁用量为苯酚质量的3%时,改性酚醛泡沫甲醛释放量最低为1.1875 mg/L,达到了人造板E1标准,泡沫压缩强度为0.2166 MPa,冲击强度为2.81 kJ/m~2,粉化率低至2.01%,LOI达到37%,其综合性能最好。相对于纯酚醛泡沫,单宁改性酚醛泡沫的力学性能有所提升,脆性明显改善,阻燃性能显著提高。     

E-PDMS增韧酚醛树脂泡沫材料的制备

对低聚环氧封端聚硅氧烷改性酚醛树脂进行了发泡工艺研究,考察了发泡温度及各种发泡助剂包括表面活性剂、发泡剂、酸固化剂的用量对材料泡沫性能影响的规律,并确定了改性酚醛树脂发泡的最佳工艺条件。实验用电子万能材料试验机和氧指数仪测试泡沫体的压缩强度和氧指数;用生物显微镜比较了酚醛树脂改性前后发泡体的形貌。实验结果表明:E-PDMS增韧改性酚醛泡沫的力学性能和耐水性均较普通酚醛泡沫有明显改观,其泡沫压缩强度达到396 k Pa,是改性前的2.2倍;吸水率是改性前的71%;材料的泡孔均匀;材料的氧指数虽有所下降,但也达到40.1%。     

专利

<正>一种纳米改性酚醛泡沫保温板及其制备方法公开号:CN104072941A公开日:2014-10-01申请人:锦州市好为尔保温材料有限公司摘要:本发明涉及一种纳米改性酚醛泡沫保温板及其制备方法,纳米改性酚醛泡沫保温板包括下述质量份的原料:酚醛树脂50~65份;反应性聚酰胺树脂20~25份;气相二氧化硅2~8份;液体丁腈橡胶5~15份;改性表面活性剂4~8.5份;韧性改性剂9~18份;发泡剂4~10份;固化剂6~8份;催化促进剂1~5.5份。制备时先进行原料混合;在均匀搅拌上述原料同时填加固化剂和催化促进剂,使其充分均匀混合;将发泡混合料放置于板材连续生产线上,使温度保持在     

3D printing of porous low-temperature in-situ mullite ceramic using waste rice husk ash-derived silica

The in-situ mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂) foams are fabricated by 3D printing (direct ink writing (DIW)) technique and utilize waste rice husk ash (RHA). The Al₂O₃-SiO₂ inks are prepared using an aqueous binder with α-alumina and two different silica sources, i.e., RHA extracted biogenic nano-silica (NS) and commercial silica (CS). The ink rheological features are first designed in terms of solid-to-liquid ratio and dispersant, and found that a higher amount of dispersant is needed for functionalization of NS-containing ink than CS (micro-sized) consisting of ink. Secondly, the DIW log-pile structures are fired at different temperatures (1200?1500 °C), and NS containing samples exhibited remarkable enhanced properties at a lower firing temperature than CS. At 1400 °C, alumina and RHA nano-silica entirely transformed into mullite and retained ～75 % porosity, ～8 MPa cold compressive strength, and thermal conductivity ～0.173 W/m·k that designate a simple and effective way to fabricate of mullite foamy structure.     

Hierarchically porous lanthanum zirconate foams with low thermal conductivity from particle-stabilized foams

Lanthanum zirconate (LZO) ceramic foams with hierarchical pore structure were fabricated by particle-stabilized foaming method for the first time, and the as-prepared ceramics have high porosity of 90.7%-94.9%, low thermal conductivity, and relatively high compressive strength. The LZO powder was synthesized by solid-state method. The porosity of the ceramic foams was tailored by suspensions with different solid loadings (20-40 wt%). The sample with porosity of 94.9% has thermal conductivity of 0.073 W/(m·K) and compressive strength of 1.19 MPa, which exhibits outstanding property of thermal insulation and mechanical performance, indicating that LZO ceramic foam is a promising thermal insulation material in high temperature applications.     

Fabrication of novel BPO4 ceramic foams using the combination of the direct foaming method and freeze-drying techniques

In this study, ammonium phosphate monobasic and boric acid were used as the primary starting materials to produce BPO₄ powder by solid-state reaction. Using BPO₄ powders as the main raw material, BPO₄ ceramic foams were prepared for the first time using the direct foaming method and freeze-drying techniques. The effects of the additive content and solid loading on the slurry's rheological behavior were investigated, and the microstructures and properties of the as-prepared BPO₄ ceramic foams were examined. The results reveal that the porosity of the BPO₄ ceramic foams synthesized at 1223 K ranged from 84.2% to 90.4%, the compressive strength ranged from .12 MPa to .72 MPa, and the thermal conductivity ranged from .32 W/(m·K) to .74 W/(m·K) (298 K). The findings of this study have great significance for the development of new thermal insulation ceramic materials.     

Enhancing the thermal insulating properties of lanthanum zirconate porous ceramics via pore structure tailoring

The potentially useful role of lanthanum zirconate (La₂Zr₂O₇, LZO) porous bulk ceramics has been rarely explored thus far, much less the optimisation of its pore structure. In this study, LZO porous ceramics were successfully fabricated using a tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)-based gelcasting method, and the pore structures were tailored by varying the initial solid loading of the slurry. The as-prepared ceramics exhibited an interconnected pore structure with high porosity (67.9 %–84.2 %), low thermal conductivity (0.083–0.207 W/(m·K)), and relatively high compressive strength (1.56–7.89 MPa). The LZO porous ceramics with porosity of 84.2 % showed thermal conductivity as low as 0.083 W/(m·K) at room temperature and 0.141 W/(m·K) at 1200 °C, which is much lower than the counterparts fabricated from particle-stabilized foams owing to its unique pore structure with a smaller size, exhibiting better thermal insulating performance.     

环戊烷发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫长期导热系数预测

本文以环戊烷发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫为研究对象,采用薄片室温老化原理连续测量两种密度样品165天长期导热系数,发现导热系数的升高呈现2个阶段。通过对所得曲线进行函数拟合发现导热系数变化符合对数关系,对数方程求解初步得到25年后50mm制品的导热系数。考虑到制样过程中无法避免样品表面发生开孔,最后对函数计算得到的数据进行修正,修正结果显示两种密度样品的长期导热系数均不超过0.029 W(m•K)-1。     

Characterization of polyurethane foams prepared from liquefied sawdust by crude glycerol and polyethylene glycol

The aim of this study was to investigate polyurethane foams (PUF) properties obtained from crude glycerol (CG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) based liquefaction of sawdust. The four types of foam were prepared by producing polyols from different weight loadings of PEG to CG as the liquefaction solvent. The produced polyurethane foams showed densities from 0.042 to 0.08 g/cm³ and compressive strengths from 200 to 311 kPa. The foams obtained from CG/PEG based liquefaction, had more uniform and regular cell structure than foams derived from liquefaction by CG. Also with the increasing percentage of PEG to CG in liquefaction, closed cell content of the synthesized foams increased and the size of cells decreased. The thermal conductivity of the produced foams was between 0.031 and 0.040 W/m K. Foams produced from liquefaction by binary solvent had lower thermal conductivity. However all foams showed approximately similar thermal degradation curves; maximum thermal decomposition temperature was seen for the foam produced from higher weight ratio of PEG to CG in liquefaction. PU foams produced from PEG/CG based liquefaction process had improved properties over from foams derived from sawdust liquefaction by CG.     

Exploitation of acetalization process of poly(vinyl alcohol) for the formation of crosslinked poly(vinyl formal) foams

In the present work, poly(vinyl formal) (PVF) foams were prepared using water as the pore-forming agent and formaldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The acetalization process of poly(vinyl alcohol) was exploited in depth in order to obtain a precise guidance on the preparation of PVF foams with adjustable properties. With the increasing of formaldehyde, the crosslinking degree was gradually increased and the prepared PVF foams changed to be amorphous. Morphology observation showed that the porous structure of PVF foams was successfully created using water as the blowing agent and it was strongly affected by the crosslinking agent and polymer concentration, leading to an easily tuned pore size from hundreds of microns to few microns. The prepared foams were proved to have small apparent density below 0.27 g/cm⁻³ and excellent mechanical strength, with the largest specific compressive strength of 11.54 MPa·cm³·g⁻¹. Based on the results, it is believed that this study can provide a scientific basis for the design and optimization of PVF foams with controllable structure and properties.     

Effect of heat transfer channels on thermal conductivity of silicon carbide composites reinforced with pitch-based carbon fibers

In this study, silicon carbide (SiC) composites reinforced with pitch-based carbon fibers and composed of heat transfer channels were fabricated by combining chemical vapor infiltration and reactive melting infiltration method. It was observed that the internal heat conduction skeleton of pitch-based carbon fibers was sequentially formed. The thermal conductivities from room temperature to 500 °C along through-thickness direction and in-plane direction were investigated. The results showed that C_pf/SiC composites with heat transfer channels possessed excellent thermal conductvity in two directions, and the thermal conductivity increased with increasing volume content of heat transfer channels. The thermal conductivity in through-thickness direction reached 38.89 W/(m·K), and that for in-plane direction reached 112.42 W/(m·K). Theoretical calculations were empolyed to study the temperature dependence of the C_pf/SiC composites. The variations in slope A′ and intercept B′ values of fitted curves were in good agreement with the experimental results. To verify the reliablilty of the theoretical model, the C_pf/SiC composites were heated at 1650 °C for 2 h and the thermal conductivity exhibited further improvement due to the formation of more perfect crystalline structure. Thermal conductivity through thickness direction improved to 43.49 W/(m·K), and that in in-plane direction improved to 142.49 W/(m·K), which could be identified by the theoretical model. Finally, the leading edge model was established by using ABAQUS finite element analysis software to evaluate the potential application of the composites. Owing to the outstanding thermal conductivity, the leading edge obtained by using C_pf/SiC composites in this study exhibited lower temperature gradient and a more uniform temperature distribution. Moreover, less thermal stress and displacement were generated during heating process.     

Preparation and microstructure evolution of novel ultra-low thermal conductivity calcium silicate-based ceramic foams

In this study, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) was used as a new raw material for the ceramics industry and a novel ultra-low thermal conductivity calcium silicate-based foams (CSFs) was prepared by the direct foaming method. The effects of the addition of foam and borax on the sintering behavior and microstructural evolution of the CSFs were investigated. With the optimal amount of foam, the CSFs had an apparent porosity of 63.43%–67.49%, bulk density of 0.75–0.84 g/cm³, compressive strength of 1.83–3.21 MPa, and room-temperature thermal conductivity of 0.213–0.235 W/(m·K). Notably, the whisker morphology, pore structure, and sintering behavior of the samples can be controlled by changing the amount of borax. The prepared ceramic foams can be applied in the fields of thermal insulation, filtration, and catalyst carriers.