小波纹齿角梯形规整填料实验研究

规整填料在过程工业中得到广泛的应用,但近年来性能改进不大,因此它的强化研究具有重要意义。文中在1套全自动的50 mm内径的精馏塔内,用乙醇-正丙醇体系对小波纹齿角梯形规整填料的流体力学和传质性能进行了研究,并与相同比表面积的Mellapak填料进行了比较。实验表明,小波纹齿角梯形规整填料单位床层压降可减小30%,同时传质效率提高了16%。小齿角梯形规整填料综合性能优良,是一种有广泛应用前景的新型波纹规整填料。     

国产BG-10型压延孔板波纹填料性能研究

用冷、热模实验研究了ＢＧ－１０型压延孔板波纹填料的流体力学和传质性能．得出 了计算其压降和泛点的关联式。并与孔板波纹填料（２５０ｙ）进行了对比，发现该填料 的性能优于２５０Ｙ孔板波纹填料。     

Gas side controlled mass transfer in a new packing with stamped horizontal lamellae operating at extremely low liquid loads

The gas side controlled mass transfer coefficient of an easy to make packing, with stamped horizontal lamellae, designed for operating at extremely low liquid superficial velocity, between 0.04 and 1 m³/m² h is investigated. The absorption of SO₂ in sodium hydroxide water solution is used as a model process. Based on the obtained experimental data, an equation for calculating the gas side controlled mass transfer coefficient, with deviation of ±8% is presented.The comparison between the new packing and different highly effective packings shows that the new one has lower pressure drop at the same specific area and mass transfer coefficient, respectively higher mass transfer coefficient at the same pressure drop and specific surface.Of all compared highly effective packings, only the crossed strips packing, quite difficult to produce, has close, yet higher, pressure drop at similar specific surface area and volumetric mass transfer coefficient.     

低表面张力物系在规整填料塔中的传质性能

为了研究低表面张力物系在高比表面积的规整填料塔中的流体力学性能和传质性能,选用正庚烷-甲基环己烷物系,在内径400mm的不锈钢精馏塔中对Mellapak 500Y和750Y型规整填料进行全回流精馏实验。通过测定气相负荷从小到大直至液泛的过程,得到了不同操作条件下的压降、泛点气速、传质效率的数据,给定了操作的极限。结果表明:750Y填料的传质效率优于500Y填料,但稳定性比500Y填料差,处理量比500Y填料小。且实验中气相负荷递增变化时的传质效率略低于气相负荷递减变化时的传质效率。同时,为了考察传质效率随塔高的变化,填料塔在不同高度处设置了4个取样口,测定了不同取样口中样品的组成。通过分析传质效率随塔高的变化,阐述了不同负荷范围内气相总体积传质系数沿塔高的变化规律。     

FGP型填料的开发及在甲醇精馏节能减排中的应用

设计开发了新型导流型填料（FGP-A、FGP-B型填料）,在冷模实验塔中以氧气-空气-水作为介质,研究分析了其流体力学与传质性能,并在相同实验条件下与Mellapak125X填料进行对比。实验结果表明,相同比表面积的FGP-A、FGP-B型填料干塔压降分别平均降低22.94%及31.99%;湿塔压降分别平均降低41.48%和47.32%;液泛气速分别平均提高4.93%及7.76%;每米填料理论级数分别平均提高26.72%和22.78%。同时结合FGP型填料流体力学与传质性能的特点,进一步将其应用到10万t/a甲醇精馏工段中。结果表明,应用FGP型填料后冷凝器热负荷降低16.01%,每年可节省冷却水461.10 kt;再沸器热负荷降低26.30%,相当于减排二氧化碳6651.83 t/a。。     

金属斜孔板波纹填料流体力学与传质性能研究

介绍了自行开发的新型规整填料———金属斜孔板波纹填料,在内径500mm有机玻璃塔中,对金属斜孔板波纹填料的流体力学和传质性能进行了研究,推出了其压降、液泛气速和液相总传质单元高度的关联式,并与传统Mellpak孔板波纹填料相比,新填料保持Mellpak250Y相当的流体力学性能,同时具有更高的传质性能,该研究结果对金属斜孔板波纹填料的应用有指导意义。     

Characterization of a New Structured Packing by Computational Fluid Dynamics

The novel wire gauze structured packing PACK‐1300Y with high specific surface area was characterized by computational fluid dynamics. The main features of PACK‐1300Y were investigated including the dry and wet pressure drop as well as the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP). Moreover, the flow structure of this packing was described via numerical simulations. To evaluate the amount of HETP and dry and wet pressure drop, 3D computational fluid dynamic modeling with respect to the Eulerian‐Eulerian multiphase approach was applied. The average relative errors were determined between the findings achieved from computational fluid dynamic simulation and experimental findings for mass transfer efficiency and wet and dry pressure drop, respectively.     

Performance characteristics of a packing with boundary layer turbulizers. III. Liquid film controlled mass transfer

Liquid film controlled mass transfer in a novel design of a honeycomb packing (Turbo-Pack) with turbulizers in the region of the boundary layer has been studied. For comparison, packings without turbulizers have also been investigated. Dimensionless equations for evaluation of mass transfer are proposed and their constants have been analyzed statistically. It is shown that the presence of turbulizers leads to an increase of the mass-transfer coefficient by up to 55% and to a decrease of up to 4.5-times in the packing pressure drop per mass transfer unit. A comparison over the most effective packings known from the literature shows that, as far as its low pressure drop per mass transfer unit is concerned, the novel packing is superior to all other packings.     

规整填料内置隔板边长对压降及传质的影响

传质发生在规整填料表面,通道内气体间相互碰撞形成的涡流在一定程度上强化传质,但消耗大量能量,压降升高。为减小压降,在每个传质单元中非波谷区加入隔板得到新型规整填料Mon-JKB-250Y。CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics计算机流体力学）模拟发现,增大隔板边长,压降减小、气相总传质效率增大、单位压降下的传质系数先增大后减小,存在一个最适宜隔板边长。在F=1.2~2.7 m·s^-1·（kg·m^-3）^0.5范围内,隔板边长为14.7~16.8 mm时,单位压降下的传质系数达到最大。运用显色化学反应可视化技术验证CFD模拟结果,平均相对误差小于10%,CFD模拟结果可靠。     

Hydraulic,mass transfer and heat transfer performance comparison between ordered bed packing and sieve trays

The Girdler–Sulfide (GS) heavy water production process has traditionally used tray columns because of their large size. In recent years, the chemical industry has extended the use of packing to larger columns because of economic and performance advantages. A pilot scale study was thus initiated to compare the hydraulic, mass transfer and heat transfer performance of an ordered bed packing (Mellapak) with sieve trays operating under GS process conditions. Mellapak offered lower pressure drops, higher throughputs and improved heat transfer over sieve trays. However, benefits to deuterium mass transfer were only marginal in large diameter columns.     

环鞍复合填料的实验研究

文章对新开发的环鞍复合填料进行了实验研究,在塔径为400 mm×6 mm的有机玻璃塔内测定了其流体力学性能和传质性能,并和阶梯环进行了对比实验。结果表明,环鞍复合填料具有更好的性能,与阶梯环相比,压降可减小10%—20%,通量增大10%—20%,传质效率提高10%左右。而且,在初步的工业应用中,取得了相当好的经济效果。为了应用方便,将环鞍复合填料的流体力学实验数据进行了关联,获得了压降、载点气速和泛点气速的关联式。     

超重力旋转床中水脱氧过程的模型化研究

超重力旋转床是一种高效的强化传质和混合的新型设备。今提出了超重力旋转床中的水脱氧过程的传质模型,分别采用欧拉方法和拉格朗日方法对超重力旋转床中的气相和液滴的运动行为进行了数值模拟;在此基础上计算了液滴的传质系数,计算结果和实验结果符合较好,平均误差为7．9％。当超重力旋转床中液体存在的主体形式更接近于液滴时,模型计算结果误差减小。进一步讨论分析了液体和气体流量、转速以及填料内径的变化对于超重力旋转床体积传质系数的影响,分析表明旋转填料对液体剧烈地剪切破碎分散作用是强化传质过程的主要原因。     

Liquid–liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer characteristics in packed microchannels

In this work, the flow hydrodynamic characteristics and the mass transfer performance of immiscible fluids in the packed microchannels are investigated experimentally. Water–kerosene system is used for visually identifying the flow hydrodynamic characteristics in PMMA microchannels, and water–succinic acid–n-butanol is chosen for investigating mass transfer performance in stainless steel microchannels. Quartz sand micro-particles are used as packing particles. In packed microchannels, high liquid–liquid dispersions can be obtained, and the diameter of droplets produced in the packed microchannel can be even less than 10 μm. It ensures better mixing performance and larger effective interfacial area of two immiscible fluids, and improves the mass transfer performance obviously. Compared to the extraction efficiency (46–61%) in the non-packed microchannel, it can reach 81–96% in the packed microchannel. The effects of packing length, micro-particle size on liquid–liquid dispersions and extraction efficiency are investigated. The pressure drop and the specific energy dissipation in the packed microchannels are also discussed.     

Mass transfer performance of structured packings in a CO2 absorption tower

This paper studies the mass transfer performance of structured packings in the absorption of CO2 from air with aqueous NaOH solution. The Eight structured packings tested are sheet metal ones with corrugations of different geometry parameters. Effective mass transfer area and overall gas phase mass transfer coefficient have been measured in an absorption column of 200 mm diameter under the conditions of gas F-factor in 0.38–1.52 Pa0.5 and aqueous NaOH solution concentration of 0.10–0.15 kmol·m?3. The effects of gas/liquid phase flow rates and packing geometry parameters are also investigated. The results show that the effective mass transfer area changes not only with packing geometry parameters and liquid load, but also with gas F-factor. A new effective mass transfer area correlation on the gas F-factor and the liquid load was proposed, which is found to fit experiment data very well.     

孔板波纹填料的结构参数对其性能的影响

在内径Φ30 0mm的填料塔中研究了孔板波纹填料的结构参数对液相轴向混合特性、流体力学和传质性能的影响 .研究结果表明 ,轴向返混参数随开孔率、倾角的增加及盘高的减小而增加 ,填料层压降随开孔率、盘高的增加及倾角的减小而降低 ,传质单元高度随倾角的增加、盘高的减小而降低 ,开孔率对传质单元高度的影响有一个适宜值 .通过对实验数据的回归分析得出了轴向返混参数、填料层压降及传质单元高度的关联式 .该研究结果对孔板波纹填料的开发与设计具有参考价值     

气-液-液萃取传质效率的研究

在液-液萃取过程中,提高分散相的表面更新速率可有效提高萃取的传质效率.研究发现,在萃取过程中使用气体搅拌可以增加液液之间的接触面积,促进液相内的湍动和循环.据此,本文在气-液-液萃取条件下对不同填料的传质性能进行了测定.实验表明,通入气相后分散相液滴呈现稳定的“油包气”空心状态,这种结构大大降低了分散相液滴的传质层厚度,减小了传质距离,极大地强化传质效率.在适宜气速下,气-液-液萃取效率较传统萃取效率提高20％～40％.通过与散装填料对比,发现规整填料更利于强化萃取效果,传质效率提高约50％.     

Effect of ship tilting and motion on amine absorber with structured‐packing for CO2 removal from natural gas

A gas‐liquid Eulerian porous media computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for an absorber with structured packing to remove CO₂ from natural gas by mono‐ethanol‐amine (MEA). The three‐dimensional geometry of the amine absorber with Mellapak 500.X was constructed to investigate the effect of the tilting and motion experienced on ships and barges for offshore plants. The momentum equation included porous resistance, gas‐liquid momentum exchange, and liquid dispersion to replace structured‐packing by porous media. The mass equation involved mass transfer of CO₂ gas into MEA solution, and one chemical reaction. Parameters of the CFD model were adjusted to fit experimental data measured in the CO₂‐MEA system. As the tilting angle increased, the liquid holdup and effective interfacial area decreased and CO₂ removal efficiency was lowered. The uniformity of liquid holdup deteriorated by 10% for a 3° static tilting, and a rolling motion with 4.5° amplitude and 12 s period, respectively. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4412–4425, 2015     

规整填料内气液两相流动与传质的计算传质学模型

Detailed investigation of flow behavior in structured packing distillation columns is of great importance in accurate prediction of process efficiency and development of more efficient and optimal equipment internals. In this study, a three-dimensional two-phase flow model based on VOF method for simulating the hydrodynamics and mass-transfer behavior in a typical representative unit of the structured packing is developed. In the proposed model, the model is used for the closure of turbulent mass transfer equation. By solving the proposed model, the velocity distribution, phase fraction profile and concentration field are obtained. Using these data, the total liquid holdup, the wetted area and the separation efficiency [height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP)] are estimated. For testing the model validation, the simulated HETPs are compared with our previous experimental data obtained in a 150 mm-diameter column containing Mellapak 350Y operating at the pressures of 0.6-1.8 MPa. The compari-son shows that they are in satisfactory agreement, with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 25.4%.     

金属孔板波纹填料的传质计算

针对目前在推广应用规整填料Ｍｅｌａｐａｋ时很少进行传质计算的缺陷，根据文献报道，对其传质计算进行综述，并给出计算示例，这对合理应用规整填料具有积极的作用。     

规整填料在加压精馏中的传质性能

高压精馏是现代过程工业中十分重要的分离过程 ,例如炼油工业中轻烃的分离 ,石油化工中乙烯、丙烯等低碳烃类的分离 ,都是经过高压精馏完成的 .高压精馏效率一般较在常压下有所降低 ,其中填料塔较板式塔下降更明显 ,故通常认为采用板式塔比较好 .但规整填料由于其大通量、低压降等优点 ,已经开始涉及高压领域 ,因此对规整填料在高压下的性能需进行测定和研究 .目前 ,对规整填料在高压下传质性能的研究 ,国外ＦＲＩ[1] 近年已开始进行 ,但其实验数据较少 ,在国内目前还属空白 .本文在国家重点精馏分离实验室高压热模精馏实验塔上进行了一系列…