光纤光栅传感系统信号解调技术的研究

实现波长编码信号的解调，是光纤光栅传感系统实用化推广的关键技术之一。文中讨论了光纤光栅传感信号解调的基本原理，分析了国内外提出的常用解调方法的工作机理、特点和性能，并总结了信号解调过程中存在的主要技术难点及发展方向，为基于光纤光栅传感系统的解调部分的设计提供了依据。     

超微型转子动平衡机数字滤波算法研究

本文设计的数字线性相位带通滤波及ＤＦＴ解调算法，成功地应用于超微型转子动平衡机幅度及相位解调中。     

便携式光纤Bragg光栅波长解调仪的研制

近年来光纤光栅在传感领域中的应用研究日益得到关注，其中光纤光栅波长解调是光纤光栅传感器得到应用推广的关键之一。针对大型建筑结构监测应用领域，研制了一种便携式光纤Bragg光栅波长解调仪。解调仪基于无源比例解调原理，以熔融拉锥器件作为线性滤波器，采用锁相放大技术提取微弱信号，并利用单片机控制光纤Bragg光栅波长信息的采集、显示以及存储。解调仪结构简单、成本低，可实现大量程波长测量。实验表明，该光纤光栅解调仪解调范围达15nm，波长测量精度为12．4pm。     

基于数字锁相环的FM解调器设计及其在cpld上的实现

系统以全数字锁相环（DPLL）为核心，实现对调频信号的解调。FM信号经前端调理后送入ADC．转化出的数字信号送入CPLD解调，再由DAC将解调出的数字信号转化为模拟信号输出，从而实现对FM信号的解调。DPLL部分由CPLD实现。     

LabWindoWs/CVI软件平台下调幅信号解调的软件实现

文中对比模拟电路中实现调幅信号解调的两种常用方法，通过数学推导，给出了软件处理的算法依据，同时给出了利用同态滤波的思想实现调幅信号解调的原理。并在LabWindows/CVI软件平台下利用其提供的功能强大的信号分析函数库采用3种不同方法实现调幅信号解调。最后给出仿真实例，并得出调幅信号解调的软件实现优于硬件实现的结论。     

基于非对称滤波的解调频法的原理研究

从调频信号边频分量的幅值相位特征出发，分析了平方解调法不能对调频信号进行解调的原因。分析过程中发现由于调频信号栽波频率左右两侧的边频分量的相位具有一种特殊的对称性，和调幅信号完全不同，使得常用的解调方法不再适用于调频信号。针对上述问题，从打破调频信号边频分量的特殊对称性出发，利用非对称滤波法（滤波器的中心频率远离载波频率）对调频信号进行滤波，用常规解调法就可以进行解调。通过对调频信号边频相位的非对称特性的分析和研究，为寻找更好的解调频方法提供了新的思路。     

基于电流信号的液压设备状态监测技术研究

通过大量理论研究与试验验证发现机械工程中液压设备的许多故障信息是以调制的形式存在于所监测的电气信号及振动信号中,借助硬件解调电路及软件希尔伯特变换对这些信号进行解调处理,通过监测调制信号以达到对整个液压系统的状态监测。该文介绍了硬件解调电路、希尔伯特变换的解调原理以及基于电流信号借助DSP的电动机功率监测的方法。     

IRIG-B码数字解调技术

论述了一种IRIG-B格式时间码(交流(AC)码)的数字解调技术。在介绍IRIG-B码格式后,对数字解调技术的原理、方法及实现作了全面讨论分析,并提出了IRIG-B码在波形失真畸变时的解调方法及相位的识别技术和精度的保证措施。     

基于FPGA/MCU全光纤电流互感器解调系统的设计

阐述了反射式全光纤电流互感器的工作原理,分析了互感器解调系统输出信号的特性,由此设计了全光纤电流互感器的解调系统方案,给出了一种FPGA+MCU的实现方法,研制了全光纤电流互感器的解调系统,并进行了测试验证。测试结果表明,解调系统能够对全光纤电流互感器交流及直流电流信号进行解析,说明解调系统满足全光纤电流互感器的功能要求。     

针对 3×3 耦合器幅相非对称的光纤水听器解调方法

基于3×3耦合器法的光纤水听器解调容易受耦合器分光比非理想对称特性影响,导致水听器解调结果及测量信号不准确。为解决实际中3×3耦合器普遍存在的幅度、相位非对称引入的解调偏差问题,提出基于微分交叉相乘的干涉信号幅度和相位修正解调方法。通过对三路非对称干涉信号进行两两最小二乘椭圆拟合,得到干涉信号的实际幅度和相位参数,经去直流、归一化消除幅度不对称,并将所得包含非对称相位信息的信号两两微分交叉相乘,经三角函数变换解算信号相位及其修正系数,从而实现对光纤水听器输出信号的准确解调。仿真对比了本文方法和仅考虑幅度非对称情况的解调结果,并分析比较了两种处理方法随声信号频率、幅值变化的解调误差,前者得到接近理想信号波形的解调结果和更小的解调误差。依托消声水池开展了光纤水听器解调实验,在5～30 kHz频率范围对解调方法进行了对比验证,证明了本文解调方法的有效性和稳定性。     

Natural frequencies of vibration of a class of solids composed of layers of isotropic materials

In a recent paper, the Ritz method with simple algebraic polynomials as trial functions was used to obtain an eigenvalue equation for the free vibration of a class of homogeneous solids with cavities. The method presented is here extended to the study of a class of non-homogeneous solids, in which each solid is composed of a number of isotropic layers with different material properties. The Cartesian coordinate system is used to describe the geometry of the solid which is modelled by means of a segment bounded by the yz, zx and xy orthogonal coordinate planes and by two curved surfaces which are defined by fairly general polynomial expressions in the coordinates x, y and z. The surface representing the interface between two material layers in the solid is also described by a polynomial expression in the coordinates x, y and z. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approach, natural frequencies are given for both a two- and three-layered spherical shell and for a homogeneous hollow cylinder, as computed using the present approach, and are compared with those obtained using an exact solution. Results are then given for a number of two- and three-layered cylinders and, to demonstrate the versatility of the approach, natural frequencies are given for a five-layered cantilevered beam with a central circular hole as well as for a number of composite solids of more general shape.     

Specific features of operation of electrostatic microgenerators of energy

Specific features of operation of one- and two-capacitor microelectromechanical converters (MEMC) of energy of mechanical microscopic vibrations into electric energy with a modulated electrode-gap magnitude and with allowance for the mutual influence of electrical and elastic forces are analyzed, and the characteristics of these two devices are compared. The main factors restricting the increase in MEMC power are demonstrated to be the effects of “collapsing” and the condition of conservation of positive rigidity of the system. Expressions for estimating the limiting MEMC parameters are derived. The possibility of electrical energy generation in the presence of “real“ sources of wide-spectrum microscopic vibrations is considered.     

Analysis of models of friction in suspensions of vehicles

An analysis of the correctness of calculations during the modeling of oscillations of vehicles is carried out. A substantial difference between the calculation and experimental data in octave-frequency bands has been found and a low efficiency of suspensions of sprung seats has been emphasized. A comparative analysis of models of friction and dynamic characteristics used during the modeling of suspensions of vehicles is carried out. It has been shown that models of Coulomb and viscous friction do not ensure the required precision of the modeling process. A new model of friction in the form of totalities of models of elastic and viscous friction, as well as the implementation of this model using computer simulation, which ensures a calculation error of 5–15%, have been proposed.     

双丝杠驱动机构同步分析

介绍了双丝杠驱动机构工作原理,论述了双丝杠运动产生不同步的原因以及如何判定与解决同步问题。     

Method of implementation of the positive gradient of mechanical properties of triboengineering materials

Modern methods of implementation of the rule of positive gradient of mechanical properties are considered; this rule was formulated by I.V. Kragelskii and its application serves to minimize the friction and wear of solids. The given methods include the application of coatings with the method of finishing antifricton abrasion-free treatment; application of new metal-cladding lubricating materials; and creation of a nanostructural state of the surface iron nitride layer by nitriding steel with a positive gradient of hardness normal to the surface.     

轮胎单个横沟泵吸噪声计算方法研究

以205/50R16子午线轮胎为对象,建立具有横向花纹沟槽的有限元法分析模型,利用Abaqus/Explicit进行瞬态滚动分析,得到滚动轮胎单个横沟的体积变化。将其导入Fluent中,利用计算流体力学方法对单个横沟泵吸效益流场进行分析,并结合Lighthill声学类比理论预测横向沟槽的噪声,同时基于涡声理论验证流场与噪声之间的关系。结果表明,单个横沟泵吸噪声第一峰值集中在0.8～2.0 kHz附近,仿真数据与试验结果在趋势上具有一致性;且噪声的声压峰值出现在泵吸状态发生转变的时间段;在时域中的3个噪声峰值出现涡量变化较大的时间段,已确定噪声的变化可由涡量来反映。     

两种螺栓的拧紧特性的分析

目前,在拧紧特性的分析中忽略了不同表面处理工艺的影响,造成了不同表面处理工艺有可能导致摩擦系数和扭矩系数散差较大的问题,影响了拧紧的可靠性。以理论分析为基础,以达克罗螺栓和镀锌螺栓为例,分别进行扭矩-夹紧力实验,测试其摩擦系数,对比分析了二者的摩擦系数和扭矩系数的稳定性,利于工程实际中更准确、有效地控制螺栓的预紧力。     

Development of sclerometric method of studying activation of parameters of damage and fracture of friction deformable surfaces

The article presents a brief review of the wear models based on the kinetic thermofluctuation approach. The materials were developed using SamGTU sclerometric programming software and a set of instruments developed at Samara Engineering University for assessing the parameters of kinetic thermoactivation for surface fracture deformed by friction. The first obtained results of assessments and the estimated prediction of wear resistance exemplified by tribocouple of the aircraft chassis are presented.     

某卫星转播车方舱减重设计

对某型卫星转播车方舱的装载要求进行分析,结果证明,必须对方舱舱体的质量进行严格的控制,在不影响整舱强度的条件下,采取各种方法,尽量将方舱质量减到最轻。本文从方舱的舱板、舱门及孔口和舱体拼装等几个方面,对可能采取的减轻质量的方法进行了分析,对方舱所用型材、拼装结构和涂胶量进行优化、减重分析和处理,结果可满足对整车的功能性要求和质量限制。     

Analysis of similarity of physical processes during simulation of cooling of machine crystallizers

Similarity criteria describing physical the processes of boiling and condensation of a heat carrier were determined with a model and natural experiments based on the analysis of dimensions of parameters in the heat exchange problem during cooling of a crystallizer by heat pipes. Relationships of the geometrical sizes of heat pipes (diameter, length) were estimated. The novelty of the results is confirmed by patents of invention of catalyst cooling by heat pipes.