脉冲中子测井存在的局限性和发展方向

文章简述了脉冲中子测井方法的原理,总结了脉冲中子测井方法的分类及在石油测井中所起的作用,指出了当前脉冲中子测井存在测井数据质量不高、测井速度慢、影响因素多、解释困难、纵向分辨率低、适应性差等不足,并从硬件、软件、方法和原理四个方面阐述了脉冲中子测井的发展方向.     

脉冲中子测井仪综合时序发生器设计

研制了一种适用于脉冲中子测井仪的井下全谱采集控制综合时序发生器和阳极高压变换器。该时序发生器可通过阳极高压变换器产生碳氧比、中子寿命、能谱水流、脉冲中子氧活化等测井方法的中子爆发时序,并控制多种测井方式的信号采集。以综合时序发生器为电路核心的井下双路多道谱仪采用MPU+CPLD优化技术设计，阳极高压变换器实现了模块化。将采用上述技术设计的小直径脉冲中子综合测井仪应用于实际测井，现场测试结果表明，仪器的重复性良好，稳定可靠     

中子伽马测-测工艺确定剩余油饱和度

比较了在测-渗-测工艺中，中子伽马与中子寿命测井在确定产层剩余油饱和度和水淹层的异同点以及解释结果方面的一致性。结果表明，中子伽马测井能够代替中子寿命测井，并显示出仪器结构简单!稳定性好、造价和测井费用低、易于推广应用等优点。     

热释光个人中子剂量计的刻度及性能试验

本文叙述了用作个人剂量监则的镉帽型热释光子中子剂量计的中子能响特性和刻度方法。用标准Ａｍ－Ｂｅ中子辐射场测量了剂量计的响应因子，检验了反平方律。给出了相对刻度的总不确定度为７．６％。对油田中子测井和使用中子水份测量仪等测量仪器的单位，可用该剂量计作个人中子防护剂监测。     

自成靶陶瓷中子管的井下中子发生器

介绍自成靶陶瓷中子管的技术特点以及以它为核心的中子发生器的原理和特性。该中子发生器在吉林油田首次ＡＴＬＡＳ２７２７Ｃ／Ｏ测井仪对接成功，并开始批量测井。     

D-T脉冲中子发生器随钻中子孔隙度测井的蒙特卡罗模拟

利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟研究了D-T脉冲中子发生器和241Am-Be中子源产生的中子与地层的作用过程,以探讨D-T脉冲中子发生器在随钻中子孔隙度测井中的应用价值。模拟结果显示,使用这两种中子源,热中子计数均随源距增加而呈指数下降;孔隙度较小时,两者的计数差异较小,当地层孔隙度达到40%时,D-T脉冲中子发生器产生的热中子和超热中子计数均比²⁴¹Am-Be中子源高很多,其分布范围也更宽,近探测器的源距选择20～30 cm,远探测器的源距选择约60～70 cm;D-T脉冲中子发生器用于中子孔隙度测井时对地层孔隙度的灵敏度降低,而相同源距条件下探测深度几乎不变。以上结果提示,利用D-T脉冲中子发生器可以进行补偿中子孔隙度测井,在增加源距的同时既可以保证计数统计性,又可以提高灵敏度和探测深度,在随钻测井仪器设计中可以取代²⁴¹Am-Be中子源。     

瞬发裂变中子铀矿测井环境影响因素的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

瞬发裂变中子铀矿测井是一种快速、可实现直接测铀并可现场定量地层岩石中铀含量的核测井新技术。为消除瞬发裂变中子铀矿测井受地层环境因素的影响,利用MCNP5对瞬发裂变中子铀矿测井的井径、井液变化进行了深入分析,通过分析干孔、含水孔在不同孔径下的超热中子与热中子数的变化关系,使用线性拟合给出了井径修正函数,并取得了满意的实验结果。     

蒙特卡罗方法在脉冲中子测井中的应用

利用蒙特卡罗中子-粒子输运程序(MCNP)分别模拟了不同脉冲宽度的脉冲中子源产生的中子与地层作用过程中，各种能量的中子和热中子的时间谱；利用不同孔隙度、矿化度、含水饱和度等条件下的热中子时间谱，分析得出储层的宏观俘获截面和孔隙度、矿化度以及饱和度的线性关系，为PNN(脉冲中子-中子)测井方法的理论研究提供了依据。     

中子伽马测-渗-测工艺确定剩余油饱和度

比较了在测-渗-测工艺中,中子伽马与中子寿命测井在确定产层剩余油饱和度和水淹层的异同点以及解释结果方面的一致性。结果表明,中子伽马测井能够代替中子寿命测井,并显示出仪器结构简单、稳定性好、造价和测井费用低、易于推广应用等优点。     

D-T孔隙度测井数据校正及实验研究

采用氘-氚(D-T)可控源进行中子孔隙度测井时,其响应结果与化学源中子孔隙度测井的响应结果存在差异,使得传统化学源中子孔隙度测井的实验数据和解释模型难以适用。为了验证已有的密度校正方法是否能够用于中子孔隙度测井的结果校正,使D-T源与化学源的响应结果相接近,本文通过模拟获取不同孔隙灰岩含水地层和泥岩中的响应结果,将模拟结果与研制的实验装置测量结果进行基准检测,然后分析D-T源中子孔隙度测井校正前后与化学源中子孔隙度测井对比的响应差异,并利用实际测井数据验证可控源孔隙度测井方法的有效性。结果表明:经过密度校正后,可控源与化学源中子孔隙度的测量结果有较好的相似性,在实际测井曲线上两者也存在较好的对应关系。因此,本研究对于验证可控源中子孔隙度测井方法的有效性和今后测井仪器中放射源的可兼容替代有一定的应用意义。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.