Thermally Activated Chemical Technology Processes of Agglomeration of Phosphorites

The chemical technology processes that are of practical importance in the chemical technology system for thermal treatment of raw materials such as drying, coke combustion, decarbonization of phosphorites, melting of batch particles, formation of agglomerated cake, and moisture vapor condensation in lower beds were studied. These processes are thermally activated and proceed during agglomeration in the phosphate raw material. The results of the experimental studies of the sintering kinetics of the phosphate raw materials were presented. A multifactor dependence was revealed in the agglomeration processes under study. Increased resistance to the movement of the heat carrier gas was observed in the melting and fit agglomerate zones, which led to a decrease in the rate of filtration of the heat carrier gas through the bed and worsened the conditions of the chemical technology processes.     

Studying the Chemical and Energy Engineering Process of the Strengthening Calcination of Phosphorite Pellets Containing Free Carbon

The chemical and energy engineering processes of sintering and calcination, which are of practical importance in the chemical and energy engineering system of the thermal treatment of phosphorite pellets containing free carbon, have been studied. They are thermally activated processes that occur in phosphate raw materials during heating. Some results of thermogravimetric, thermomechanical, structural, and microray analyses have been presented. The multifactor dependence of the sintering and calcination of coke-containing phosphorite pellets has been revealed. The dependence of the strength of phosphorite pellets and the degree of coke burnup on the temperature and the coke content in different heating regimes and the change in the weight and relative expansion of the material of pellets in oxidative and neutral media depending on the coke content and the heating rate have been established.     

换热器用针状莫来石增强堇青石陶瓷材料

以耐火粘土、高铝矾土及滑石为原料研制了堇青石基陶瓷材料，并对其组织和性能尤其是抗热震性进行了研究。结果表明，堇青石基体上分布着外状莫来石的材料具有更高的抗热震性。对换热器用陶瓷材料抗热震性参数进行了讨论，指出抗热震损伤多数R''更适合于作为优选陶瓷换热器用材料的指标。     

媒法由湿法磷酸生产纯净磷酸二氢钾的研究

研究了三聚氰胺反应煤循环法由湿法磷酸生产纯净磷二氢钾工艺中磷酸三聚按与碳酸钾反应生产磷酸二氢钾过程中碳酸钾浓度、反应时间、反应温度诸因素的一次作用,二次作用及其交互作用对中和转化率的影响。     

ICP发射光谱仪测定特种一铵和净化磷酸中的SO_4~(2-)

介绍了用ICP-OES电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪对磷化工生产中的原料、中间产品及最终产品中SO42-含量分析的简单方法。该方法不但方便快捷、测定范围宽,而且分析结果准确度和精密度满足要求。     

Application of magnetic separation for modifying the composition of basalt raw materials

The results of studying the process of modifying the composition of basalt raw materials using the magnetic separation method are reported based on the example of basalt of the Myangdukha deposit (Arkhangelsk oblast). The chemical and phase compositions of magnetically enriched and magnetically depleted fractions have been determined by mass spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction. The process of sintering these fractions has been studied by the DSC/TG method. The phase composition of sintering products has been studied and some of the physicochemical properties of the obtained samples have been determined.     

N⁃乙基哌嗪基邻苯二甲单酰胺酸锌对PVC热稳定性能的影响

以邻苯二甲酸酐、N?乙基哌嗪为原料合成N?乙基哌嗪基邻苯二甲单酰胺酸,再将其与氯化锌反应制备了N?乙基哌嗪基邻苯二甲单酰胺酸锌（ZNEP）,然后将ZNEP分别与季戊四醇、二苯甲酰甲烷（β?二酮）、环氧大豆油和亚磷酸一苯二异辛酯进行复配得到4种复合热稳定剂;采用刚果红试纸法、热老化烘箱法,转矩流变仪法和热重分析仪（TG）研究了不同复合热稳定剂对聚氯乙烯（PVC）静态和动态热稳定性能及热降解过程的影响。结果表明,当ZNEP、季戊四醇复配质量比为1∶2时,PVC样品的热稳定性最好,其静态热稳定时间和动态热稳定时间分别为2 340 s和1 602 s;同时,与不添加热稳定剂的样品相比,其质量损失率为5 %、10 %及质量损失速率最快时对应的温度（T_{5 %}、T_{10 %}、T_max）均表现出了较大程度的提升,说明该复合热稳定剂能有效抑制PVC的热降解。     

The non-trivial role of native xylans on the preparation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils

Cellulose nanofibrils have become increasingly prized as a raw material toward the preparation of composites due to their specific surface character and biocompatibility. TEMPO-mediated oxidation with post-mechanical treatment has been proposed as a promising method for the preparation of cellulose nanofibrils from cellulosic raw materials. In the current study it was found that the native hemicellulosic components in the raw material played a pivotal chemical role on the kinetics of generation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs), as well as on thermal stability, and transmittance. The removal of xylans from the original feedstock facilitated not only an increase in both the carboxylate content and water retention value of the TEMPO-oxidized fibers, but also improved the transmittance of subsequently obtained TOCNs suspensions. It was also determined that the presence of xylans in the cellulosic feedstock hindered chemical accessibility through a barrier mechanism in which the TEMPO-mediated oxidation reaction rate was reduced.     

陶瓷基隔热材料的研究现状及发展趋势

陶瓷基隔热材料的发展与航天、航空、化工、石油、建筑等行业密切相关,越来越受到青睐。本文概述了陶瓷基隔热材料的主要导热方式,分析了几种常用的陶瓷基隔热材料,阐述了陶瓷基隔热材料的发展趋势。     

低品位能源化学储热材料研究进展

化学储热利用可逆化学变化中的吸、放热进行储能和释能，较之显/潜热储热，其能量密度呈数量级上升且可长期稳定储存热能。本文以低品位能源利用为前提，将化学储热分为化学吸附储热与化学反应储热两大类，对目前广泛研究、前景较大的化学储热材料进行了相应原理、特点、现存问题及其应用发展趋势的分析讨论与总结；经过对不同纯材料的分析对比，发现水合盐可以作为一类较理想的化学储热材料，但也存在易潮解等缺点，而复合材料的形成可为弥补各种纯材料的弊端提供了有效的解决路径；与此同时，目前仍缺乏可在反应器中良好运行的化学储热材料。最后对化学储热，尤其是储热材料的选择方面指出未来需要解决的问题及其进一步的研究方向。     

Physicochemical principles of hydrophobization of mineral binders by additives produced from peat raw material

The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at developing a method for hydrophobization of mineral binders and building materials based on them by additives extracted from the organic matter of peat are presented. The processes occurring in heat treatment of peat are studied by analyzing the conversion of groups of chemical substances contained in peat. An increase in the concentration of hydrophobic compounds in thermal destruction of peat raw material is substantiated. The hydrophobizing effect of the additives is based on the formation of water-repellent adsorption films of bitumen compounds on cement particles. A working hypothesis of the mechanism of their formation is advanced.     

高温固相反应合成正磷酸盐的研究

对以工业碳酸盐和商品磷酸为原料，采用高温固相反应法合成正磷酸盐进行了研究，解决了目前产品中常含有复盐因而影响产品纯度的问题。通过工艺条件试验，制备的磷酸三钠、磷酸三钾、磷酸三钙和磷酸三镁产品纯度高，达到目前国际市场要求，得出了该技术可进行工程放大和工业化生产的结论。     

超微粉末的研究进展

超微粉末作为现代技术领域的新材料或新材料的重要原料,在磁性、光学、热阻、化学活性、催化和烧结等方面具有许多新奇性质,现已在精细陶瓷、微电子工业、磁性材料、催化剂、传感器、航天技术和光吸收材料等方面获得应用.本文综述了当前超微粒子在制备方法、性质和应用等方面的研究进展,并指出了仍然存在的问题和进一步发展的前景.     

铝电解槽用石墨化阴极材料的研究

以4种国产焦炭、3种国产煤沥青为原材料，采用热模压成型、一次焙烧、高压浸渍、二次焙烧和石墨化等工艺开展了铝电解槽用石墨化阴极材料的研究。在对原材料结构和理化性能分析的基础上，考察了原材料种类和配比不同的15个试样在热处理过程中的收缩率和体积密度的变化，并对石墨化后的试样的各项理化性能与工业发达国家生产的石墨化阴极炭块的性能指标进行了对比分析。结果表明，以国产焦炭和煤沥青为原材料，经过适当的混配和热处理工艺得到的石墨化阴极材料试样，其综合性能指标已达到铝电解槽对高性能石墨化阴极材料的要求。     

Mathematical simulation of the pyrolysis of biomass for the manufacture of synthesis gas and coke

In this work, the mathematical treatment of the pyrolysis of biomass to obtain thermal degradation parameters in the form of the independent parallel chemical decomposition reactions of the main components of raw materials (hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and extractive substances) was performed. The calorific values of volatile fractions and also a carbon residue were calculated. The region of optimum temperatures for the pyrolysis of organic raw materials (850?C900°C), which corresponds to the maximum heat of combustion of gases per unit weight of the initial product, was found.     

抛光砖废渣制备轻质外墙砖工艺参数的研究

采用抛光砖废渣等工业废渣为主要原料,以高可塑性粘土、黑滑石、钾长石、石英和煅烧氧化铝为辅助原料制备陶瓷轻质外墙砖,研究了抛光砖废渣用量、成型压力以及烧成制度对轻质外墙砖性能和质量的影响。结果表明：随着抛光砖废渣用量增加或成型压力的降低,轻质外墙砖的导热系数提高而抗压强度与容重则降低。通过TG-DSC分析确定了在小于等于...     

抛光砖废渣制备轻质外墙砖工艺参数的研究

采用抛光砖废渣等工业废渣为主要原料,以高可塑性粘土、黑滑石、钾长石、石英和煅烧氧化铝为辅助原料制备陶瓷轻质外墙砖,研究了抛光砖废渣用量、成形压力以及烧成制度对轻质外墙砖性能和质量的影响。结果表明：随着抛光砖废渣用量增加或成形压力的降低,轻质外墙砖的导热系数提高而抗压强度与容重则降低。通过TG-DSC分析确定了在≤750...     

太阳热反射隔热涂料研究进展

综述了太阳热反射涂料的研究进展。对太阳热反射涂料基本原理、测试方法以及原材料对性能的影响进行了分析,展望了太阳热反射涂料的发展趋势。     

磷酸二氢钾的生产方法综述

重点介绍了以碳酸氢铵、氯化钾、磷酸为原料生产磷酸二氢钾的新方法。该法生产设备简单,无三废,原料易得,成本低,磷酸二氢钾收率在95％左右,质量达到国家标准。     

Particle Technology in the Formulation and Fabrication of Thermal Energy Storage Materials

This article reviews the state of the art of the formulation and fabrication of sensible, latent, and thermochemical thermal energy storage (TES) materials with special focus on the role of particle technology in enhancing the performance of these materials. Molten salt-based sensible TES materials have been intensively studied, particularly the use of doped nanoparticles for enhancing specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity. For latent TES, the inclusion of property enhancers is among the most effective approaches to address the low thermal conductivity and supercooling issues of phase change materials (PCMs), whereas the encapsulation of PCMs and structurally stabilized composite PCMs are the favorable methods to address leakage and chemical incompatibility challenges. Thermochemical TES materials are often incorporated with an inert or an active host matrix for structural stabilization.