Erosion Resistance of CaO-AI203-SiO2 System Glass-Ceramics

The erosion resistance tests were used to research the erosion wear behavior of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system glass-ceramic. With the orthogonal test method, the factors thai affect the erosion wear of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system galss-ceramic such as pacticles property, impact angle, impact time, size of particles were discussed. The results show that erosion rate rises along a straight line at the early period of erosion wear. With the impact time increased, the erosion rate deviates from original staight line, tendency of the erosion rate increases, With the size of paricle increased , it will have more kinetic energy, the erosion rate of the surface of glass-ceramics ploate rises.     

烧结法建筑装饰微晶玻璃冲蚀磨损研究

利用冲蚀磨损实验研究了影响CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统烧结法微晶玻璃装饰板材冲蚀行为，通过正交实验，讨论了磨粒种类、冲蚀角、冲蚀时间，磨粒粒径等因素对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的冲蚀性的影响。     

MnO2对磷渣微晶玻璃显微结构和性能的影响

烧结法CaO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃具有结构致密均匀,抗冲击、耐磨、耐腐蚀、无放射性、色泽丰富、纹理美观等特性,是一种新型绿色环保型装饰材料。以磷渣为主要原料,以Fe2O3和MnO2为着色剂,制备了米黄色微晶玻璃。利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等测试技术,研究了不同MnO2含量对微晶玻璃显微结构、晶相种类的影响,测定了微晶玻璃的化学稳定性。研究结果表明:当MnO2质量含量小于5.5%时,微晶玻璃主晶相为β-硅灰石,随着MnO2含量的增加析晶量减少,晶粒尺寸由0.42μm减小到0.3μm;当MnO2质量分数为6%时,主晶相变为钠长石且析晶量增加、晶体尺寸增大。当MnO2质量分数大于4%时,MnO2质量分数每增加0.5%其摊平温度约降低10℃,适量加入MnO2使其化学稳定性提高。     

风沙环境下钢结构涂层的冲蚀摩擦学性能

针对内蒙古中西部地区钢结构体系表面涂层长期遭受风沙环境冲蚀的这一现状,采用气流挟沙喷射法,模拟风沙对钢结构涂层的冲蚀.研究了风沙冲蚀力学参数对钢结构涂层冲蚀率的影响;探讨了涂层冲蚀损伤的摩擦学机理;分析了钢结构涂层的冲击摩擦因数变化规律.结果表明:涂层的冲蚀率均随着冲蚀速度呈指数增长,速度指数n为2.39~2.43;在45°时涂层的冲蚀率最大,90°时涂层的冲蚀率最小,低冲角时的冲蚀率大于高冲角时;涂层的摩擦因数处于0.37~0.42,涂层磨损的Taber指数为81.9×10-3mg/r,涂层的耐磨性较差.涂层损伤的摩擦学机理是:低冲角时的微切削作用或高冲角时的挤压凿削作用造成涂层的损伤占主导,涂层表面微裂纹扩展交叉,以致断裂剥落,造成的损伤次之;涂层冲击摩擦因数离散性较大,且随角度增长呈降低趋势;冲击摩擦因数与冲蚀率随角度的变化并不一致.     

掺钕透明微晶玻璃的析晶动力学和显微结构

采用传统熔体冷却法制备了45Si O2-25Al2O3-15CaF2-5Na2O-10NaF-1Nd2O3体系玻璃,并通过优化热处理工艺获得了透明氟氧化物微晶玻璃。采用析晶动力学分析了45Si O2-25Al2O3-15CaF2-5Na2O-10NaF-1Nd2O3体系玻璃的析晶机制,并通过DSC、XRD和SEM等方法研究了热处理制度与玻璃析晶行为和显微结构的关系。研究表明,该体系玻璃的析晶过程主要受扩散控制,其主晶相为CaF2,析晶活化能为325.51 kJ/mol,晶粒尺寸随晶化温度升高逐渐长大,晶粒数量随保温时间延长逐渐增多。通过优化热处理制度,获得了晶粒尺寸约为40 nm,晶相含量约为30%的透明微晶玻璃。     

颗粒属性对输气管道渐缩管冲蚀磨损的仿真预测

在输气管道中，气固两相流对管道内壁造成冲蚀磨损，渐缩管中冲蚀磨损情况尤为严重。利用计算流体动力学相关知识，通过CFD仿真软件建立模型，运用流固双向耦合方程，采用标准k⁃ε模型和DPM模型进行分析。探究入口流速、固体颗粒粒径以及颗粒质量流率对渐缩管冲蚀磨损现象的影响，预测渐缩管中易发生冲蚀磨损的位置以及天然气的最佳流速。结果表明，当入口流速从5 m/s增大到25 m/s时，渐缩管最大冲蚀速率先增加后减小再增加；当入口流速为15 m/s时，冲蚀速率降至最小，为1.76×10－6 kg/（m2•s）；当颗粒粒径从0.5 mm增大到4.5 mm时，最大冲蚀速率先由4.23×10－6 kg/（m2•s）增加至7.56×10－6 kg/（m2•s），而后又逐渐减小至2.68×10－6 kg/（m2•s）；在入口流速为15 m/s的情况下，当颗粒质量流率从0.1 kg/s增大到0.6 kg/s时，最大冲蚀速率从1.76×10－6 kg/（m2•s）增加至1.00×10－5 kg/（m2•s）。渐缩管冲蚀磨损区域主要位于渐缩管喉部下壁面、距离喉部2D区域的收缩管段下壁面及2D区域以外的收缩管段上壁面，并且上壁面冲蚀磨损区域近似呈“U”型对称分布。在输气过程中，气体流经渐缩管的最佳入口流速应为15 m/s。为预防冲蚀磨损，颗粒粒径不宜过小，质量流率需控制在合理范围内。     

Mechanical Properties and Erosive Wear Resistance of Zirconia Toughened Al2O3-TiC Ceramics

The effect of ZrO2, content on the fracture toughness, flexural strength and Vickers hardness as well as the erosive wear resistan properties of zirconia toughened Al2O3-TiC ceramic composites has been investigated. The results showed that the improvement in fracture toughness and flexure strength of composites with the content of zirconia less than 50% and 10% in mass fraction respectively,is primarily attributed to stress-induced transformation toughening by the analyse of X-ray diffraction. The dependance of erosion wear resistance on the attak angle and the content of ZrO2, panicles of the composites was also revealed. It is found that the erosion rate of the composites has a sharp rise at a attack angle over 65°. This phenomenon is due to a brittle response to the erosion test by microsmictural observation on eroded surface.     

物料粒径对半自磨机衬板磨损的影响

采用数值计算方法分析粒径对半自磨（SAG）机衬板磨损的影响。采用离散单元法（DEM）描述物料运动,采用切向碰撞能量磨损模型（SIEM）预测壁面磨损. 结果表明,粒径大小对衬板磨损存在显著影响. 粒径增大,衬板磨损亦随之增大;当粒径较小时（如：d=30 mm）,磨损增幅尤为明显. 提升条的磨损主要在经过底脚区与颗粒发生剧烈碰撞时产生,不同粒径大小下均如此. 大颗粒获得的动能要远远大于小颗粒,且相比于小颗粒,大颗粒改变运动状态需要更长的时间,导致剧烈磨损的持续时间亦明显增加. 粒径大小对磨损在提升条上的分布无明显影响.     

管道弯头磨损特性的研究

研究了输送管道中气固两相流中微粒的直径、浓度和材料种类等因素对10~＃钢、20~＃钢、16Mn和18-8不锈钢管道弯头磨损量以及磨损率的影响。实验系统采用负压结构,风速范围在5～30m/s之间,采用不同直径的刚玉和氧化锆微粉。对实验结果进行了模拟处理,并对上述变量、弯头曲率半径与直径比和直径等因素的影响规律作了分析。结果表明,弯头材料本身的性能对磨损结果影响最大。四种材料耐磨性依次为16Mn、20~＃钢、10~＃钢和18-8不锈钢。磨损率和风速之间存在指数关系,指数幂在1.2～2之间。不同尺寸、材料和硬度的磨粒将影响磨损率与风速函数关系式的幂指数。另外,对于曲率半径/管直径比值固定的弯头而言,直径大的弯头磨损率低,这与小直径弯头的表面积与体积比更大有关。     

Particle erosion of infrared materials

Erosion test of some infrared (IR) optical crystals (Ge,ZnS,MgF2,and quartz) was conducted with a number of different erodents (glass bead,and angular SiC,SiO2,Al2O3 by a homemade gas-blasting erosion tester.The influence of impact angle,impact velocity,erodent,and erosion time on the erosion rate and the effect of erosion on their IR transmittance were studied.The damaged surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,and the erosion mechanism was explored.All of the materials show the maximum in wear versus impact angle at 90°,confirming their brittle failure behavior.It is found that the erosion rate is dependent on the erodent velocity by a power law,and it is highly correlated to the hardness of the erodent.The erosion rate-time curves do not show an incubation state,but an accelerated erosion period followed a maximum erosion (steady state).The decrease of IR transmittance is direct proportion to the erosion rate.Although the material loss occurs primarily by brittle process,ductile behavior is clearly an important feature,especially for MgF2 and ZnS.     

软磨粒冲刷下材料的行为及磨损机理

研究了具有不同硬度的材料在不同硬度的磨粒冲刷下的磨损特性。结果表明,在相对较软磨粒冲刷下,即使磨粒硬度低于材料硬度,也能使材料发生磨损。且韧性材料的冲刷磨损率随冲击角的增大而增大。对材料的磨损形貌进行了研究,其软、硬磨粒造成的磨损形貌是不相同的。在低角度下,较软磨粒的冲刷使材料发生犁沟及小片脱落,而不像通常硬磨粒冲刷下材料呈现微切削及锻和挤压。研究了热处理硬化后钢在较软磨粒冲刷下的磨损行为,建立了硬度影响磨损率的规律。在高硬度的磨粒冲刷下(H_p/H_m>3)*,材料的硬度变化对冲刷磨损率影响很小,即以热处理硬化来改善材料抗冲刷磨损作用并不大。而在较软磨粒冲刷下(H_p/H_m<3)材料硬度对冲刷磨损率有影响,热处理强化可提高材料抗冲刷磨损性能。     

纳米氧化铝颗粒增强铜-碳基复合材料的磨损性能

用MA技术制备了C体积分数为10%的Cu-C固溶体粉体,用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)烧结技术制备了平均尺寸为12 nm的γ-Al2O3颗粒和用SPS方法制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒增强Cu-C固溶体基复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪对MA粉体、干凝胶和煅烧粉体进行了物相分析;通过JSM-5500LV型扫描电镜对磨损表面形貌进行观察分析并分析其磨损机制;使用MG-2000型高温摩擦磨损试验机对制备的复合材料进行了干摩擦实验并测定其磨损量。结果表明:纳米氧化铝颗粒体积分数及磨损载荷对复合材料摩擦磨损特性有显著影响,纳米氧化铝的体积分数从0%增加到2%,Cu基复合材料的磨损量从6.2 mg降到2.1 mg。     

四墙切圆锅炉水冷壁颗粒冲击特性数值模拟

为深入了解水冷壁壁面的颗粒冲击特性,使用AnsysFluent对660 MW超临界锅炉的燃烧过程进行数值模拟,通过Fluent内冲蚀磨损模型得出燃烧器区域壁面的颗粒质量冲击量;利用Fluent软件的Sample功能输出壁面颗粒数据,将点数据导入Excel处理,得到冲击燃烧器区壁面的颗粒最高速度及颗粒速度值的分布情况. 结果表明:燃烧器喷口对侧区域的壁面冲击量最大值为6 kg·m^-2·s,冲击燃烧器区壁面的颗粒最高速度可超过30 m·s^-1,其占比不足冲击总颗粒量的0.3%,20~25 m·s^-1的冲击颗粒占比接近10%,颗粒速度的主体为5 ~ 20 m·s^-1. 壁面颗粒冲击量及颗粒速度模拟结果表明,在后墙第二组燃烧器壁面存在着6 kg·m^-2·s的高颗粒冲击量及25 ~ 29 m·s^-1的高颗粒冲击速度同时作用的区域,易发生严重磨损.     

High temperature behaviors of high velocity arc sprayed Fe-Al/Cr3C2 composite coatings

Fe-Al/Cr3C2 composite coatings were manufactured using high velocity arc spraying （HVAS） technology. The high temperature erosion, wear and corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated. The coating properties such as bonding strength, porosity, hardness as well as microstructures were characterized. The results show that the coatings have relatively high heat tremble bond strength, hardness, and typical layer-shaped coatings＇ microstructures. With the rise of temperature, the coating erosion resistance increases too; the impingement angel does effects on erosion properties, and the erosion mechanism changes from ductile to brittle behaviors at 450℃. The coatings have good room temperature wear resistance and relatively good high temperature resistance. The wear mechanism of the coatings is peeling wear behavior. The coatings have excellent high temperature corrosion resistance because of the produce of oxides during corrosion.     

烟气轮机叶材气动冲蚀行为研究

研究了气流中微粒对烟气轮机叶片材料的冲蚀行为.用石英砂气动冲蚀试验研究表明:叶材冲蚀率随着冲蚀颗粒尺寸的增大而增加;攻角对烟气轮机叶片材料(NiCr30Co18Ti)的冲蚀率影响不大.进一步通过扫描电镜对冲蚀后的表面形貌进行观察,发现烟气轮机叶片材料的冲蚀以切削与唇片脱落为主.     

Effect of the Cool System on Internal Stress of CaO-Al203-SiO2 Glass-ceramic System

The samples were attained through altering the cooling system of producing glass-ceramics. The X-ray diffraction was used to test the stress value of different samples. The relation of the cooling system and internal stress were also investigated. The experimental results show that the stress of glass-ceramic had a close relation with starting cool temperature. Above 800 ~C, glass-ceramic could be accelerated cooling and did not bring stress. Temperature between 500 ℃ and 800℃ was an important temperature range of the formation of stress in glass-ceramic, in which the glass-ceramic stress would change obviously. Cool system was the key on how to control and eliminate internal stress in order to reduce the destroy of materials crated by internal stress. In addition, glass particles size increase, glass-ceramic stress increase in consequent.     

超细ATC陶瓷制备及其干滑动磨损研究

为提高陶瓷刀具材料的耐磨性能和断裂韧性，制备新型超细Al2O3-TiC-8%Co（ATC）陶瓷样品.采用低温化学镀方法对亚微米级Al2O3和TiC粉末表面进行金属钴包覆，热压烧结复合粉体制备该ATC样品.在销盘式磨损试验机上对ATC陶瓷的耐磨性能进行考察，采用SEM对ATC陶瓷的磨损形貌进行分析.结果表明，干滑动摩擦条件下，断裂韧性对陶瓷材料耐磨性能的影响非常明显.各摩擦副磨损过程中，随磨损时间延长ATC陶瓷样品表面微细突起脱落，磨损面趋于平滑，相对磨损率降低.金属钴的独特复合方式抑制了烧结过程中晶粒长大,并增大ATC陶瓷的断裂韧性和耐磨性能.     

玻璃微珠改性PTFE的制备及性能研究

研究了玻璃微珠改性PTFE复合材料的布氏硬度、压缩强度、冲击强度及摩擦、磨损性能，并借助SEM探讨了冲击断面和磨损表面的微观形态结构，对各影响因素进行了机理分析。结果表明：加入适量的玻璃微珠可以提高复合材料的硬度及抗压强度及耐磨性能；但由于存在相界面缺陷，复合材料的冲击强度降低；随着玻璃微珠质量含量的增加，磨损机理发生变化：由粘着磨损逐渐转变为磨粒磨损，摩擦系数有所增大。     

冲蚀条件下等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的磨损特性

研究了在固体颗粒冲蚀条件下 ,不同冲击速度、不同磨料尺寸等因素对等离子喷涂Al2 O3 陶瓷涂层冲蚀磨损率的影响 ,并在不同条件下与 2 0钢进行了对比试验 ,分析了等离子喷涂Al2 O3 陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性及磨损机理 ,提出等离子喷涂Al2 O3 陶瓷涂层具有脆性特征的冲蚀磨损特性 ,它适用于细磨料低速冲蚀磨损条件     

Influence of oxides on high velocity arc sprayed Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2 composite coatings

1INTRODUCTION Arcspraying(AS)isatechniquethatthemet alisheatedtodropletsbyanelectricarcandthensprayedontosubstratesbythecompressedair. Highvelocityarcspraying(HVAS)technologyisdevelopedonthebasisofAS.Aspecialtubede signedaccordingtotheprincipleofaerodynamicsis mountedattheexitofcompressedair.Theveloci tyanddistributionofmelteddropletsbecomehigh erandmoreuniform,respectively.Asaresult,acoatingwithlowporosity(2%)andhighdensity andbondstrengthcanbeobtained[15].Fe Alin termetalliccompound…