炭纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料在水润滑下的摩擦学行为

考察了炭纤维及PTFE增强PEEK复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑下的摩擦学性能,并研究了该复合材料在两种条件下的磨损机理.结果表明,干摩擦下复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率随负荷的增加不断减小;水润滑下复合材料的摩擦系数随负荷的变化不大,磨损率随负荷的增加而增大.干摩擦下,复合材料的磨损以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主.水润滑条件下,磨损表面比较光滑,仅有微切削的痕迹,磨损方式以轻微磨粒磨损为主.干摩擦条件下,摩擦对偶表面仅有轻微的犁沟形成,表面形成一层薄而均匀且结合紧密的转移膜.水润滑下,对偶表面犁沟较深,犁削作用明显,转移膜的形成被明显抑制.水的冷却作用使得向摩擦对偶的粘着转移明显减轻,同时由于摩擦表面吸附水膜的边界润滑作用,显著改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.     

玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料在水润滑下的摩擦学性能

利用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,PEEK和GF/PEEK的摩擦因数和磨损率均随载荷和对磨时间的增加逐渐增大并趋于稳定,GF的加入可以显著降低GF/PEEK复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率;在水润滑条件下,PEEK和GF/PEEK的摩擦因数和磨损率比干摩擦下显著降低。干摩擦下,PEEK以黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的混合磨损形式为主,水润滑条件下,磨损方式主要是以轻微的黏着磨损为主;干摩擦下,GF/PEEK磨损表面有大量的微观断裂裂纹和破碎,以磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主,水润滑条件下,磨损表面仅有微观切削的痕迹,磨损方式以轻微磨粒磨损为主。由于水的冷却和润滑作用,使得复合材料向对偶钢球的黏着转移明显减弱,同时阻止了对偶钢球上的Fe向复合材料磨损表面转移,从而减轻摩擦、降低摩擦表面温升,显著改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。     

碳纤维改性聚四氟乙烯的摩擦及振动性能

文中研究了20%的碳纤维(体积分数)改性聚四氟乙烯在干摩擦和水润滑摩擦条件下的摩擦系数、磨损性能和摩擦振动性能。结果表明:(1)在干摩擦下,随着线速度增加,摩擦界面生成大量的热,黏着磨损和磨粒磨损严重,表面越来越粗糙,摩擦系数明显变大,摩擦振动加速度增加。而在水润滑条件下,随着线速度增加,摩擦界面间形成了一层水润滑膜,使摩擦系数降低,另外由于转速增加,使流噪声增加,从而使振动增加。(2)在干摩擦下,随着比压增加,摩擦系数和摩擦振动变化较大,而在水润滑条件下,随着比压增加,摩擦系数和摩擦振动变化较小。(3)干摩擦时,碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料在不同比压下的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损;水润滑条件下,碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料在高比压下的磨损机理主要是黏着磨损。因此,碳纤维改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料应该在水润滑条件下应用有利于提高耐磨性,降低摩擦系数和摩擦振动。     

水/油润滑条件下PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能

将碳纤维(CF)和锡青铜粉(Cu)分别添加到聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中制备了两种PTFE复合材料,并将其与42CrMo钢环形成摩擦副,研究了两种PTFE复合材料在干摩擦、水润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了两种复合材料的磨损表面形貌,分析了磨损机理。结果表明:在干摩擦和油润滑条件下,随着碳纤维含量的增加,CF/PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数增大,磨痕宽度减小;两种PTFE复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数最大,油润滑条件下的摩擦因数最小;而且在油润滑条件下,两种PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度最小;水润滑条件下的摩擦因数比干摩擦的的要小,但磨痕宽度比干摩擦时的要大;CF/PTFE复合材料的磨损机理主要为疲劳磨损,犁沟形貌不明显;Cu/PTFE复合材料的磨损机理主要为磨料磨损,犁沟形貌明显,伴有疲劳磨损。     

PTFE/金属自润滑复合材料的磨损性能研究

用MM-200磨损试验机对纯PTFE板料、3层复合材料(DU)及钉板型复合材料的工作层在干摩擦定载荷条件下的磨损性能进行了研究;用SEM对磨损试样表面和磨屑形貌进行观察和分析.结果表明:铜和PTFE的复合能提高PTFE的耐磨性并改变其磨屑的形成机理;铜钉板取代传统的平钢板,不仅提高了材料的承载能力,也大大提高了材料的耐磨性能;在干摩擦条件下,纯PTFE板料主要发生粘着磨损和微凸体刨切,3层复合材料主要是磨粒磨损,钉板型复合材料的磨损机理是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损共同作用.     

Al2O3颗粒增强共晶铝锰基复合材料的腐蚀磨损性能

选择铝锰共晶合金及其复合材料作为研究对象,用XRD,SEM,EDS分析试样。首先分析了试样的金相组织,再分析了它们在三种摩擦条件下的磨损失重、摩擦因数及磨痕形貌,最后分析其耐冲蚀性能。结果表明:Al2O3颗粒的加入改变了铝锰化合物的形态;试样在仅有腐蚀液条件下的磨损量和摩擦因数最大,在有腐蚀液加磨粒条件下次之,在干摩擦条件下最小;从磨痕形貌可知在仅有腐蚀液条件比在腐蚀液磨粒条件有更多的凹坑,在腐蚀液磨粒条件比干摩擦条件有更深的犁沟。在7m/s冲蚀速度下,冲蚀试样的磨损率随磨粒粒径的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势;在3.5m/s下,磨损率随磨粒粒径的增大而逐渐减小,合金在0.15～0.212mm粒径下实验后出现"增重"现象。     

不同摩擦介质下Al-0.97%Mn铝锰基复合材料摩擦磨损行为的探讨

采用XRD和SEM分析试样的金相组织。以干摩擦、湿摩擦、湿摩擦加磨粒为摩擦条件,采用M-2000型摩擦磨损实验机对Al2O3颗粒增强铝锰基复合材料和纯铝进行摩擦磨损实验。实验结果表明:复合材料是由铝锰固溶体、铝锰化合物MnAl6、Al11Mn4相以及Al2O3颗粒增强相组成;随着载荷的增加,材料的失重量增大;在同一种摩擦条件下,氧化铝颗粒增强复合材料的失重量明显小于纯铝材料的失重量;对于同一种材料来说,在湿摩擦和磨粒的共同作用下材料的失重量最大,干摩擦次之,湿摩擦失重量最小。     

稀土处理玻璃纤维填充PTFE复合材料的滑动磨损性能

研究了不同玻璃纤维表面处理对PTFE复合材料在干摩擦条件下滑动磨损性能的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了磨损机理。结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,经表面处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数和摩擦表面温度比未经处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的低,且减磨性能优于未经处理的;而稀土处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数和摩擦表面温度最低,减磨性能最好;未经处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料和偶联剂处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料都发生了剧烈的粘着转移;偶联剂与稀土处理玻璃纤维填充的PTFE复合材料的磨损机理主要是明显的磨粒磨损;稀土处理玻璃纤维填充PTFE复合材料的磨损形式主要是粘着转移和轻微的磨粒磨损。     

纤维增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

分别研究了不同条件下连续C纤维和三维编织纤维增强铸型尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并对磨痕和磨屑表面形貌进行了观察和分析.结果表明:干摩擦条件下三维编织C纤维增强铸型尼龙(简称C3D/MCPA)复合材料的磨损率明显低于连续C纤维增强铸型尼龙(简称CL/MCPA)复合材料;水润滑条件下C3D/MCPA复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率几乎为干摩擦时的50%.三维编织C纤维/芳纶纤维混杂增强铸型尼龙(简称HF/MCPA)复合材料中随C纤维相对体积比的提高,磨损率下降而摩擦系数变化不大.     

40CrNiMoA钢表面复合强化后高速干摩擦下的磨损性能

采用石墨和Cr12MoV电极分别对40CrNiMoA表面进行强化处理,然后用离子束增强沉积(IBED)涂覆Cu,形成表面复合强化层.选择滑动摩擦速度为100m/s,实验力为20N,考察了40CrNiMoA复合强化后与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢摩擦副在高速滑动干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并用SEM观察分析了磨损表面.结果表明:高速滑动干摩擦下,复合强化层具有减摩耐磨性能,Cr12MoV Cu复合强化后比未处理试样的耐磨性提高4倍以上.Cr12MoV Cu和石墨 Cu复合强化后的摩擦系数平均值为0.05左右,而未处理试样为0.1.磨损形式为磨粒磨损和严重的塑性变形,并有少量的剥落,表面存在微裂纹与熔斑.     

氟化石墨改性适配器PTFE层摩擦磨损性能研究

目的研究适配器PTFE层氟化石墨填充改性后的摩擦磨损性能,提高适配器的耐磨性。方法以质量分数为2%,5%,8%,11%的氟化石墨为填料制备PTFE基复合材料,分别在20,40,60,80 r/min的转速下测试试样摩擦因数。通过三维视频显微镜采集试样表面磨损数据,并计算其体积磨损率。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察磨痕微观形貌。结果同一转速下,试样的摩擦因数随着氟化石墨质量分数的增加而增大。填充氟化石墨能显著降低试样的体积磨损率,填充物质量分数超过8%后,试样体积磨损率趋于稳定,试样摩擦因数得到明显增大。结论氟化石墨填充PTFE层可显著提高适配器的耐磨性,但质量分数不能超过8%,否则,会造成适配器与运输筒间的摩擦因数增大,增加航天器装填及出筒阻力。     

数值模拟填料含量对Cu/PTFE复合材料摩擦性能的影响

为了探讨填料含量对Cu/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料摩擦磨损的影响,运用二维颗粒流程序(PFC2D)对PTFE基复合材料在不同含量的Cu颗粒填充条件下与45#钢的摩擦磨损过程进行数值模拟分析,主要研究了Cu/PTFE复合材料的摩擦转移及磨损问题。模拟结果表明:Cu/PTFE复合材料与45#钢组成摩擦副时,会在45#钢表面形成一层转移颗粒层,转移颗粒层的形成能够有效地降低PTFE基复合材料的磨损。Cu颗粒的添加一方面可以通过自身转移的"钉扎"作用促进转移颗粒层的形成,另一方面由于提高了复合材料的整体强度,又对转移颗粒层的形成产生了一定的抑制作用。所以添加适量的Cu有利于转移颗粒层的形成,但Cu含量过高时其作用又会降低。Cu颗粒的加入降低了PTFE基复合材料的磨损量,且随着Cu含量的增加减磨效果增强。在Cu颗粒的质量分数为50%时,PTFE基复合材料的磨损颗粒数较纯PTFE的减少了近一半。     

纳米TiO2与炭纤维协同填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

考察了不同含量的纳米二氧化钛对炭纤维/聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜分析了磨损面、磨屑及对偶面转移膜形貌,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明,纳米TiO2与炭纤维能够很好地协同增强聚四氟乙烯,改变磨屑形成机理,有利于形成均匀致密的转移膜,明显提高CF/PTFE复合材料的耐磨性。当纳米TiO2含量为5%时,10?/PTFE复合材料表现出最佳的耐磨性,耐磨性又提高了2.77倍,而磨屑尺寸只有未加时的1/20。     

PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能及力学性能

利用MM-200型磨损试验机,对不同填料填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,并探讨了淬火处理对PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能及力学性能的影响.研究发现,几乎所有填料均可大大降低PTFE复合材料的磨损,但其对PTFE复合材料性能的影响差别较大.聚苯脂填充PTFE复合材料虽然具有良好的摩擦磨损性能,但是其拉伸强度较小.PI增大了PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数,随着PI含量的增加,PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度增大,而其伸长率则减小.CdO填充PTFE复合材料虽具有良好的摩擦性能,但其伸长率较大.淬火处理使PTFE复合材料的结晶度下降,从而导致PTFE复合材料的硬度减小、耐磨性变差.     

The tribological behavior of nanometer and micrometer TiO2 particle-filled polytetrafluoroethylene/polyimide

The friction and wear properties of micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particle-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polyimide (PI) composites were studied in this paper. The effect of filler contents (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 5% and 7 vol.%) on the tribological properties was examined. The transfer films and the worn surfaces of the PTFE/PI composites filled with micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particles were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that anti-wear properties of the PTFE/PI composites can be improved greatly by filling nanometer TiO₂ particles. The wear rate of 1.5% nanometer TiO₂ filled composite is the lowest, which is about 52% lower than that of PTFE/PI. In the case of micrometer TiO₂ filler, the friction coefficient and wear rates increase with increasing filler volume fractions under identical test conditions. It was also found that the wear mechanism of micrometer TiO₂ particle-filled PTFE/PI is mainly severe adhesion and abrasive wear, while that of nanometer TiO₂ particle-filled PTFE/PI is mainly slight abrasive wear.     

纳米SiC与石墨填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

考察了不同含量的纳米SiC对石墨/聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜分析了磨损表面,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:纳米SiC与石墨能够很好地协同增强聚四氟乙烯,纳米SiC的加入大大提高了复合材料的承载能力,石墨的加入减少了纳米SiC与对偶面的摩擦系数,从而降低了纳米SiC的脱落趋势,提高了复合材料的耐磨性。当纳米SiC含量为5%时,5%石墨/PTFE复合材料表现出最佳的耐磨性,具有一定的应用价值。     

Microstructure and abrasive wear behaviour of B<Subscript>4</Subscript>C particle reinforced 2014 Al matrix composites

In this study, the microstructure and abrasive wear properties of varying volume fraction of particles up to 12% B₄C particle reinforced 2014 aluminium alloy metal matrix composites produced by stircasting method was investigated. The density, porosity and hardness of composites were also examined. Wear behaviour of B₄C particle reinforced aluminium alloy composites was investigated by a block-on-disc abrasion test apparatus where the samples slid against the abrasive suspension mixture (contained 10 vol.% SiC particles and 90 vol.% oil) at room conditions. Wear tests performed under 92 N against the abrasive suspension mixture with a novel three body abrasive. For wear behaviour, the volume loss and specific rate of the samples have been measured and the effects of sliding time and the content of B₄C particles on the abrasive wear properties of the composites have been evaluated. The dominant wear mechanisms were identified using SEM. Microscopic observation of the microstructures revealed that dispersion of B₄C particles was generally uniform while increasing volume fraction led to agglomeration of the particles and porosity. The density of the composite decreased with increasing reinforcement volume fraction but the porosity and hardness increased with increasing particle content. Moreover, the specific wear rate of composite decreased with increasing particle volume fraction. The wear resistance of the composite was found to be considerably higher than that of the matrix alloy and increased with increasing particle content.     

Study of Abrasive Wear Volume Map for PTFE and PTFE Composites

The potential of this work is based on consideration of wear volume map for the evaluation of abrasive wear performance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and PTFE composites. The fillers used in the composite are 25% bronze, 35% graphite and 17% glass fibre glass (GFR). The influence of filler materials, abrasion surface roughness and applied load values on abrasive wear performance of PTFE and PTFE composites were studied and evaluated. Experimental abrasive wear tests were carried out at atmospheric condition on pin-on-disc wear tribometer. Tests were performed under 4, 6, 8 and 10 N load values, travelling speed of 1 m/sec and abrasion surface roughness values of 5, 20 and 45 μm. Wear volume maps were obtained and the results showed that the lowest wear volume rate for PTFE is reached using GFR filler. Furthermore, the results also showed that the higher is the applied load and the roughness of the abrasion surface, the higher is the wear rate. Finally it is also concluded that abrasive wear process mechanism include ploughing and cutting mechanisms.     

Synergism of carbon fiber and polyimide in polytetrafluoroethylene-based composites: Friction and wear behavior under sea water lubrication

Polytetrafluoroethylene-based (PTFE-based) composites reinforced simultaneously with carbon fiber (CF) and polyimide (PI) of different volume fractions were prepared. The microstructure and phase composition of as-prepared PTFE-based composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides, their friction and wear behavior under sea water lubrication was evaluated in relation to the synergistic effect between CF and PI using a ring-on-block test rig, and their worn surfaces were also analyzed using SEM. Results showed that the incorporation of PI induced loosening of the microstructure of PTFE but increased the wear resistance. Contrary to the above, the incorporation of CF led to increased compactness of PTFE, and the compactness as well as wear resistance of the PTFE-based composites increased with the increase of CF content. More importantly, the simultaneous incorporation of PI and CF at a proper volume fraction led to drastically reduced wear rate of PTFE under sea water lubrication. This implies that there exists synergistic friction-reducing and wear-resistant effect between PI and CF. As a result, the PTFE-based composite containing 5% PI (volume fraction) and 15% CF had the best wear resistance, showing promising application in ocean environment.