LED光照处理对鲜切生菜品质和风味的影响

针对鲜切生菜在货架陈列期失水萎蔫和黄化的问题,开展LED光照处理对其品质和风味影响的研究。研究在4℃货架陈列期间,将鲜切生菜分别使用白光、蓝光、绿光和红光LED光源处理和避光处理5 d,以白光处理样品作为CK组,比较样品失重率、可溶性固形物含量、叶绿素含量、气味和褐变度等指标。结果发现使用红光处理波长为620～650 nm,光谱纯度为77.91%,照度强度为(385.2±45.4)Lux 5 d,鲜切生菜的失重率仅为8.89%,比CK处理组降低了38.3%;红光处理减缓鲜切生菜叶片中叶绿素降解,其叶绿素含量显著高于蓝光和绿光处理组;红光处理提高了鲜切生菜的氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)值,比CK组提高了24.8%;电子鼻对比发现红光处理组的风味与CK组没有显著性影响。因此,红光处理有利于减缓鲜切生菜失水萎蔫和黄化,维持其原有品质和风味。     

货架陈列期间光照处理对鲜切青椒品质的影响

为研究白光、红光、蓝光、绿光光照以及避光处理对鲜切青椒（Capsicum annuum L.）品质的影响,将鲜切青椒在货架陈列期用不同光照处理,贮藏5 d后,比较鲜切青椒质量损失率、颜色、相对电导率、丙二醛含量和风味的差异。结果发现：在各光照处理组中,绿光处理组鲜切青椒的质量损失率最低,为3.75%,且该处理对可溶性固形物质量分数、果实水渍化损伤程度、果实颜色变化的影响均较小,与新鲜样品相比,其色差仅为3.22,显著低于白光处理组（P＜0.05）;并且与白光处理组相比,绿光处理对鲜切青椒的风味没有显著影响（P＞0.05）。因此,绿光处理有助于维持鲜切青椒在货架陈列期的品质。     

光照处理对鲜切薄皮甜瓜货架期品质的影响

评价光照处理对鲜切薄皮甜瓜货架期品质的影响。研究以绿宝甜瓜为原料,将鲜切薄皮甜瓜在5 ℃冷藏柜中光照处理5天,将白色光照处理设定为对照组,比较红色、蓝色、绿色光照处理和避光处理对鲜切甜瓜失重率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、丙二醛含量、果肉硬度、褐变度、颜色和风味的影响。结果显示,蓝色光照处理的光源光谱位于442 nm的主波长轨迹上,光源纯度接近100%,强度为(128±17.10) Lux。与对照组样品相比,蓝光光照处理降低鲜切甜瓜褐变程度10.70%,降低产品的失重率3.76%,减少果肉细胞的破裂,提高产品硬度60.60%;并且蓝光光照处理延缓鲜切甜瓜风味劣变。因此,在销售陈列过程中利用蓝光光照处理不仅维持鲜切甜瓜原有质地、颜色等外观特征,还减缓风味的劣变现象,所以蓝光光照处理有利于延长鲜切薄皮甜瓜的货架期。     

LED光照处理对鲜切番茄冷藏期间品质和抗氧化能力的影响

为延缓鲜切番茄货架期间品质的下降,研究不同光照处理(蓝光、白光)对鲜切番茄冷藏期间品质的影响.结果表明,贮藏7 d后,蓝光处理组与避光和白光处理组相比菌落总数、霉菌和酵母数量显著降低,抗坏血酸含量和抗氧化能力较高.贮藏3d和5 d后,蓝光处理组的顺式番茄红素含量显著高于白光组.另外,蓝光处理能有效保持果实的色泽、硬度和...     

可溶性糖介导的荧光照射延缓鲜切西兰花衰老黄化

鲜切西兰花极易衰老黄化,严重影响其感官质量和商品价值。为减缓鲜切西兰花衰老黄化,延长贮藏期,研究荧光照射（光照）处理（24 μmol/（m2·s）、12 h/d）对鲜切西兰花贮藏期间（7 ℃、5 d）衰老黄化的影响。结果表明：和黑暗对照相比,光照处理能够显著维持鲜切西兰花叶绿素含量,降低黄化指数（P＜0.05）,同时诱导葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖累积,与贮藏初期（第0天）相比,3 种糖在贮藏第5天分别增加了106%、73%和70%;进一步用0、40、80、120、160 mmol/L外源葡萄糖溶液对鲜切西兰花进行培养,结果发现在一定浓度范围（0～120 mmol/L）内,随着外源葡萄糖浓度增加,鲜切西兰花内源葡萄糖含量显著上升,黄化指数显著下降（P＜0.05）,而且黄化指数与外源葡萄糖浓度、内源葡萄糖含量呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,相关系数分别为－0.958和－0.878。因此,光照处理延缓鲜切西兰花黄化可能与其诱导的可溶性糖尤其是葡萄糖累积有关。     

红蓝单色光对水培烟草幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响

为培育壮苗及优化烟草育苗光环境提供依据,以烤烟品种 K326为材料,在水培条件下,研究了两种单色光处理对烟草幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响。结果表明,与对照白光处理相比,红光处理下的烟苗叶片面积和地上部鲜重均显著增加,增幅分别为 49.8%和 48.8%,而蓝光明显抑制了叶片的发育;蓝光处理下的烟苗茎秆的高度显著增加,增幅为 59.2%,而红光明显抑制了烟苗茎秆的伸长;就根系而言,红光处理下烟苗根系鲜重、一级侧根数量、二级侧根数量及根系表面积均显著高于白光对照和蓝光处理;不同光质处理下,烟苗叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量大小依次均为:白光>红光>蓝光;红光和蓝光处理下烟苗的净光合速率、气孔导度均略低于对照白光处理,但红光处理烟苗光合速率降低是由非气孔因素限制所致,而蓝光处理则可能是由气孔导度降低所致。      

LED光质对食品用小麦芽苗生长和酚类物质累积的影响

明确不同光质对食品用小麦芽苗酚类物质累积的调节机制。小麦经避光催芽2 d后,使用LED光源的白光（W）、红光（R）、蓝光（B）、绿光（G）和黄光（Y）处理芽苗4 d,分析不同光质下小麦芽苗生长状况、总酚和酚酸含量变化及其合成酶活性和基因表达水平。结果表明：红光和黄光显著提高小麦芽苗长度和鲜/干重比,促进生长。与对照（黑暗处理）相比,蓝光、绿光和黄光处理下总酚含量增加了17.99%、18.21%和19.64%。阿魏酸、对香豆酸和咖啡酸等主要酚酸在蓝光、绿光和黄光处理下显著提高,其中香豆酸增加幅度最大,达47.36%~78.36%%。蓝光、绿光和黄光显著提高了酚类合成途径中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、4-香豆酸-CoA连接酶（C4H）、肉桂酸4-羟化酶（4CL）活力,上调了对应的PAL、C4H和4CL mRNA水平,促进了酚类物质合成。光质对其抗氧化能力的影响趋势与酚类含量变化一致。光照处理促进小麦芽苗生长,同时通过上调酚类代谢关键酶活力及其基因表达,促进酚类物质累积,增强芽苗抗氧化活力。     

不同光配比对福鼎大白茶叶片生理和主要氨基酸积累的影响

研究不同光配比对一年生福鼎大白茶树幼苗叶片生理及主要氨基酸含量的影响。在LED光谱可调人工气候箱内，设置高红光占比光源L1（红光占比71.8%）、高蓝光占比光源L2（蓝光占比62.7%）、红蓝混合光源L3（红光占比43.1%、蓝光占比29%、绿光占比27.9%）和对照白光L0（绿光占比82.1%）四种光处理，在100 μmol·m?2·s?1光子通量密度、12 h光周期条件下实施试验，采用氮平衡指数仪测定叶片生长指数，氨基酸自动分析仪测定茶氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量。结果表明，随着处理时间的增加，各光处理均显著增加了茶树叶片叶绿素指数和氮平衡指数，与L0相比，L1处理显著提高茶树叶片氮平衡指数（P<0.05），其次为L3处理，类黄酮指数及茶多酚含量各光处理间无显著差异（P>0.05）。与L0相比，L3和L2处理下叶片茶氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸含量显著提高（P<0.05）。综上，L3处理（红光、蓝光、绿光配比均衡）更有利于茶树叶片生长及氨基酸积累，能兼顾茶叶产量与品质，是适宜茶树栽培的LED光源。     

不同生姜提取液处理鲜切苹果感官评定的研究

目的:利用模糊综合评判法对不同浓度生姜提取液处理的鲜切红富士苹果进行感官质量评定,选取最佳的处理浓度,为鲜切苹果的感官评定提供参考依据。方法:选取色泽、风味、口感为评价因素,确定各因素合理的权重,用模糊综合评判法分析,并通过失重率、褐变度、硬度、可滴定酸度对分析结果进行检验。结果:不同浓度生姜提取液处理的鲜切红富士苹果,其感官评定从高到低为:0.10g/mL处理的鲜切苹果>0.20g/mL处理的鲜切苹果>0.05g/mL处理的鲜切苹果>0.02g/mL处理的鲜切苹果>CK处理的鲜切苹果。结论:评定结果与检验的结果一致,证明模糊综合评判法在鲜切苹果的感官评定中获得了比较客观的结论。      

不同光质对烤烟漂浮育苗中烟苗生长发育及光合特性的影响

为寻找适宜的光质,实现漂浮育苗补光技术,本文研究了不同光质(红光、蓝光、白光)对烤烟漂浮育苗中烟苗生长发育和光合生理特性的影响.结果表明:(1)烟苗茎秆增粗发育不受光质影响,但烟苗茎秆增高发育则受红光促进,受蓝光抑制;(2)烟苗叶片发育亦明显受到蓝光抑制,尤其是叶片伸长发育;(3)红光处理下叶片具有较高的Chlb含量;蓝光处理下叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著低于白光和红光处理.从研究结果看,补充白光和红光可解决漂浮育苗前期寡照,促苗早生快长的问题;而在烟苗形态建成后补充蓝紫光照射,则可抑制烟苗生长.     

Effects of light-emitting diode illumination on the quality of fresh-cut cherry tomatoes during refrigerated storage

The effects of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination on the quality of fresh-cut cherry tomatoes were investigated. Tomatoes were exposed continuously to red, green, blue and white LED light for 7 days and control samples stored in darkness. Results showed that blue light treatment significantly led to more total soluble solids, lycopene concentration and individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin) after 7 days of storage. On day-5, green and blue light-treated tomatoes showed relatively higher firmness than samples treated by other lights and the control. At the early stage of storage, blue light could preserve the fresh flavour of tomatoes compared to other treatments. Overall, the blue light was most effective in the quality preservation of fresh-cut cherry tomatoes and could be used as a novel strategy in the preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables during shelf life.     

Evolution of Quality Characteristics of Minimally Processed Asparagus During Storage in Different Lighting Conditions

ABSTRACT:  The effect of different types of lighting (white, green, red, and blue light) on minimally processed asparagus during storage at 4 °C was studied. The gas concentrations in the packages, pH, mesophilic counts, and weight loss were also determined. Lighting caused an increase in physiological activity. Asparagus stored under lighting achieved atmospheres with higher CO₂ and lower O₂ content than samples kept in the dark. This activity increase explains the greater deterioration experienced by samples stored under lighting, which clearly affected texture and especially color, accelerating the appearance of greenish hues in the tips and reddish-brown hues in the spears. Exposure to light had a negative effect on the quality parameters of the asparagus and it caused a significant reduction in shelf life. Hence, the 11 d shelf life of samples kept in the dark was reduced to only 3 d in samples kept under red and green light, and to 7 d in those kept under white and blue light. However, quality indicators such as the color of the tips and texture showed significantly better behavior under blue light than with white light, which allows us to state that it is better to use this type of light or blue-tinted packaging film for the display of minimally processed asparagus to consumers.     

光照处理提高鲜切西兰花贮藏品质

为减缓鲜切西兰花贮藏期间品质下降,延长贮藏期,运用分光光度法研究连续光照处理(2000 lx)对鲜切西兰花低温贮藏期间品质变化的影响。结果表明,和黑暗对照相比,光照处理显著减缓鲜切西兰花贮藏期间叶绿素降解和黄化发生率,维持类胡萝卜素、可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量,从而使其保持较高的抗氧化力。然而,光照处理显著促进鲜切西兰花鲜质量损失。     

大蒜素提取液对鲜切山药保鲜效果的影响

为了延缓鲜切山药的褐变和品质劣变,延长保鲜期,采用超声波法提取大蒜素,分别配制0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的大蒜素保鲜液,以清水为对照(CK),在(4±1) ℃的冷藏条件下,对鲜切山药的保鲜效果进行研究。结果表明,与对照组相比,不同含量大蒜素提取液可降低鲜切山药贮藏过程中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的酶活性,显著抑制鲜切山药的呼吸强度和褐变度,降低失重率和腐烂率,减少丙二醛的生成量,保持鲜切山药较好的营养品质和感官品质。其中以0.3%大蒜素提取液保鲜效果较好,与对照组相比,鲜切山药保鲜期延长了9 d左右。     

Retention of quality and nutritional value of 13 fresh-cut vegetables treated with low-dose radiation

Improving the microbial safety while maintaining quality of fresh fruits and vegetables will increase consumer confidence in fresh produce. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of irradiation at 1 kGy, a dose that potentially inactivates E. coli O157:H7 by 5 logs, on the quality of 13 common fresh-cut vegetables: iceberg, romaine, green and red leaf lettuce, spinach, tomato, cilantro, parsley, green onion, carrot, broccoli, red cabbage, and celery. The results showed that the appearance of irradiated samples was similar to the nonirradiated ones except that irradiated carrots, celery, cilantro, and green onions had higher appearance scores than corresponding nonirradiated vegetables. There was no difference in the instrumental texture between irradiated samples and nonirradiated ones. The aroma of several irradiated vegetables was significantly better than controls after 14-d storage, because these control samples decayed or senesced. The 1 kGy irradiation did not affect vitamin C content of most vegetables; however, irradiated green and red leaf lettuce had 24% to 53% lower vitamin C contents than the controls. Our results suggest that most fresh-cut fruits and vegetables tested can tolerate up to 1 kGy irradiation without significant losses in any of the quality attributes.     

绿芥末对即食鲜切生菜的保鲜效果

为明确绿芥末对即食鲜切生菜的保鲜效果,以清水和NaClO常规处理为对照组,考查了不同浓度的绿芥末液浸泡保鲜处理对即食鲜切生菜的失重率、腐烂率、褐变指数、感官评价、微生物菌落总数、沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7等指标的影响。结果表明,冷藏温度4℃,相对湿度85.6%~95%条件下,不同浓度的绿芥末均对即食鲜切生菜具有一定的保鲜效果。其中,以16 g/L的绿芥末对鲜切生菜的保鲜效果最好,保鲜期为7 d。该浓度下,生菜的感官品质最好,无腐烂、萎蔫、黄化,褐变指数最低(仅为1.67%),菌落总数为1.1×10⁵ CFU/g,且无沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7检出。该研究有望为今后生产上采用绿色保鲜剂替代化学保鲜剂,改善产品品质,延长产品货架期提供有益参考和借鉴。     

The effect of LED irradiation on the quality of cabbage stored at a low temperature

The effects of light emitting diode (LED) irradiation on maintaining freshness and nutrition in cabbage during low temperature storage were investigated. Cabbage, ‘Dongdori’ was stored at 4–5°C for 18 days under white, green, blue, and red LED light. On day 15 of storage, the total chlorophyll content of cabbage was highest for green, followed by white, red, blue, and a nonirradiated control group. The vitamin C content was highest for blue, followed by white, green, red, and the control. On day 18 of storage, the total polyphenolic content in cabbage was highest for blue followed by white, red, green, and the control. LED irradiation is effective for enriching the chlorophyll, vitamin C, and polyphenol contents of cabbage stored at a low temperature and results suggest that LED colors have different effects.     

氯化钙处理对鲜切芹菜生理与品质的影响

目的研究不同浓度的氯化钙处理对室温下贮藏的鲜切芹菜生理品质的影响。方法分别采用化学滴定法、紫外分光光度法、称重法分析测定了鲜切芹菜可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总糖、Vc、失重率等多项生理生化指标。结果芹菜经切割后在室温贮藏期间,可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总糖、Vc含量呈现前期上升后期下降的趋势,失重率随贮藏期的延长逐渐上升;较低浓度氯化钙处理的可滴定酸、还原糖、总糖、Vc含量明显地高于对照和其他处理组,可溶性蛋白含量、失重率却低于对照组。结论氯化钙处理有效地保持了鲜切芹菜良好的生理品质,是一种简单、安全、有效的果蔬保鲜方法。