基于感性工学的运动内衣背部款式造型研究

结合感性工学原理,选出7对具有相反意义且出现频率较高的感性形容词,通过问卷调查分析女性消费者对运动内衣后背款式造型的主观感性评价,并用SPSS 23.0软件进行均值分析、因子分析和聚类分析,将女性消费者模糊的感性需求主观印象转化为量化数据.根据量化结果,将不同运动内衣款式造型分成不同的类簇,直观反映出运动内衣后背款式造...     

基于三角模糊数的汉服袖型感性评价北大核心CSCD

为探究消费者对汉服袖型的感性认知,帮助服装设计师更准确地把握消费者心理,文章选取具有代表性的8款汉服袖型,采用语意差异法收集袖型样本在6对感性形容词汇上的感性评价,将其用三角模糊数的形式进行表征,并对模糊评价结果的准确性进行检验。为得到各汉服袖型较为精确的感性评价,文章对三角模糊数进行贴近度分析,并将贴近度的结果作为依据,运用系统聚类的方法将汉服袖型分为4类。研究表明:各汉服袖型因袖宽大小、袖缘线条形状、袖长、袖口形状的不同,感性评价存在一定差异,且最终感性评价结果符合客观认知。经验证可知,利用三角模糊数能够较准确地对汉服袖型进行感性评价。     

中式卷烟消费体验感官评价方法的建立与应用

为了从消费者的角度对中式卷烟产品进行感官质量分析,将消费者的语言转化为专业技术语言,结合模糊综合评价方法,建立了中式卷烟消费体验感官评价方法。结果表明:①该方法包括评价指标、评价术语、指标权重分配、评价要求和数据处理方法,具有较强的可操作性。②采用两级综合模糊评价对感官评价结果进行分析,能够判断卷烟产品的轻松感、舒适感、满足感及整体感官质量所属等级,并计算出相应的评价分值。      

基于感性工学的男式内裤款式评价研究

为了探讨消费者对不同款式男式内裤的感性认知,运用Photoshop软件,绘制15款具有代表性的男式内裤款式图,筛选出10对描述男式内裤款式的感性形容词,以20～25岁的男大学生为调查对象,采取面对面随机方式进行调查问卷,运用感性工学的方法对调查数据进行均值分析、因子分析和聚类分析。结果表明：影响男式内裤款式设计的感性因子为款式因子、风格因子和个性因子,并通过聚类分析得到不同款式男式内裤给人的主观感受,为服装设计师设计男式内裤提供一定的参考价值。     

基于感性工学的女包材质触觉认知研究

以感性工学基本理论和方法探究材质触觉与消费者感性认知的关系,使设计师能够更好地把握产品材质的设计要素,并以女包材质为例展开研究。首先确定研究对象,然后采用亲和图法(KJ法)确定感性词汇,采用李克特量表法建立语义量表;最后采用主成分分析法对数据进行处理,根据意象尺度法和主成分综合得分进行分析。建立了材质触觉与消费者感性认知的对应关系,设计师可根据女包材质的受欢迎程度和材料特点进行综合考虑,为准确把握消费者的情感认知提供一定的参考。     

文化创意产品感性设计方法研究

为了探究文创产品感性设计方法,本文列出大量能够准确、有特色地描述文化元素的感性设计语义词对。选取唐华清宫为文化元素对象,建立以唐华清宫为例的词对数据库,从数据库中检索出能够描述此文化元素的感性设计语义词对并与普通感性设计语义词对混合制作调查问卷表,利用统计学方法分析得出符合被试对象主观语义的能够描述此文化元素的词语。通过专家评价法可知,人们对准确、有特色地描述文化元素的语义词语更感兴趣,证明此种对感性设计语义词对特色化的设计方法是科学、客观、优异的。     

基于模糊物元分析模型的可持续房地产业发展评价的研究

结合熵值理论与模糊物元理论,建立了基于熵权的可持续房地产模糊物元模型。根据可持续房地产评价的特点和评价区域的实际情况,构建了区域可持续房地产的评价指标体系,利用可持续房地产模糊物元模型对可持续房地产体系中资源环境可持续、经济可持续和社会可持续的23个指标进行了评价。并应用信息熵所反映数据本身的效用值来计算指标的权重系数,有效避免了权重分配困难的问题和主观判断房地产可持续优越标准的不确定性。对成都市2006年的可持续房地产状况进行了评价,表明:模糊物元模型能计算各评价样本与评价标准之间的远近程度关系,引进熵权后减少了评价的主观性,评价结果客观合理,具有较好的实用性。     

床品面料风格的感性分析

针对市场上消费者选择家用纺织品的主观盲目性问题,依据消费者的实际需求,通过问卷调查,并运用SPSS软件,采用因子分析、绘制散布图等方法对数据进行统计分析,得出床品面料的感性主因子构成及感性评价特征图,将感性分析定量化。在此基础上增加了悬垂性与光泽度测试,以实验数据来佐证统计分析的合理性,将数据分析和主观感知相结合,期望能够为消费者、家纺床品面料设计师提供理性的数据参考。     

基于层次分析法的印品质量模糊综合评价模型的研究

运用模糊综合评价法和层次分析法建立了印品质量模糊综合评价模型。分析了影响印品质量的主要参数;确定了构造模糊综合评判的因素集;通过分析建立了影响印品质量评价的层次分析结构,采用Saatyl-9标度法对各因素进行两两比较构造出判断矩阵;通过计算判断矩阵的特征向量及一致性检验确定了各影响因素的权重。最后通过模糊综合评价并按最大隶属度原则对印品等级进行了评价。研究结果表明,所建立的模型在客观上确定了各种参数对印品质量的影响权重,在主观上评价了印品质量等级,实现了主观评价和客观评价的统一。     

女性运动裤脚款式感知评价与个性化定制推荐

为提升产品核心部件个性化推荐与用户情感需求的匹配度，帮助企业更准确把握用户定制过程的感性偏好，以女性运动裤的裤脚为例，构建基于感性工学的个性化推荐模型。首先采用语意差异法获取消费者对裤脚款式在7个维度的感性评价，建立感性意象空间；然后提取裤脚款式的设计要素，通过偏最小二乘法建立设计要素与消费感知的映射模型；最后采用模糊层次分析法量化消费者的感性需求，结合映射模型建立个性化推荐模型。结果显示：推荐结果与消费者感知评价的平均余弦相似度为0.902,说明设计元素与消费感知存在较高相关性；推荐算法预测结果的平均绝对值误差为0.54,推荐结果与用户需求匹配度较高，能有效将消费感性需求转化为设计元素。     

基于语料库的中英报刊新闻标题语言特征研究

使用语料库方法从词汇和句法两个层面对比分析中英报刊新闻标题的语言特征,结果发现,尽管中英报刊新闻标题语言特征在总体上是相似的,但在具体的语言使用上仍存在许多差异。中国报刊英语新闻标题中大量出现的本土化词汇,在一定程度上反映了中国新闻英语的本土化倾向。     

基于语料库的广告英语语言特色分析

基于自建广告英语语料库,采用语料库统计方法分析了广告英语在词汇、句法和修辞等方面的语言特色。分析结果表明广告英语语句简单直接,采用大量褒义形容词、创新生造词和错拼词,并结合多种修辞手法,提升了广告本身的推销能力。     

大众传播语境下文学形态的转型

传播技术的发展与文学的发展之间有着重要的关系.目前学界对文学创作、阅读与接受研究得较多,从文学的传播手段或传播方式的角度来观察文学的变化与转型的却不多.因此,我们有必要关注传播手段对文学创作、文学观念、文学文本形式内容的影响,思考当下大众传媒语境下文学的生存状态和策略以及文学对于人们精神家园的构建,尤其是大众传媒与网络文化对文学的生产与消费的影响.大众传媒时代的到来构建了新的文学传播语境,文学话语的转型势不可挡.主要表现在:文学与影视媒介的联姻,网络文学的异军突起.     

Understanding public preferences for different dairy farming systems using a mixed-methods approach

Global production of milk has doubled over the past 50 yr, yet dairy farming in high-income countries faces scrutiny over practices perceived to affect animal welfare. One such practice is housing dairy cows year-round without access to pasture, which is the norm across North America and increasing within Europe, despite evidence of significant public support for grazing. Diverging opinion between the farming community and the public about what animal welfare means could be a key factor; however, lack of insight into the understanding and motivations underpinning public preferences for grazing could also hamper resolution. On the basis that more information could increase engagement between parties, 60 members of the public across the United Kingdom were interviewed to understand their perspectives of 3 dairy farming scenarios incorporating different amounts of grazing or housing. Their responses were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach combining reflexive thematic analysis with linguistic analysis. The integrated results indicated participants had a dual vision of the cow, seeing her as both domestic and wild. A scenario with housing in winter and grazing in summer therefore suited her, providing both protection and naturalness, and was most associated with analytic thinking. Interviewees also confessed ignorance about the cow's needs, either deferring to others' judgment—including the cow herself—or using familiarity and anthropomorphism to assess the scenarios. This again resulted in most optimism, confidence, and positivity for housing in winter and grazing in summer, and most negativity for housing cows year-round. Grazing was aspirational, but keeping cows outside in winter was confusing and concerning. These findings offer opportunities for the dairy industry to adapt communication or systems to better meet societal views; for example, incorporating access to pasture or increasing cow choice.     

Parent‐reported ease of eating foods of different textures in young children with Down syndrome

Food texture has been identified as a significant contributor to feeding problems in children, particularly in children with Down syndrome (DS). This study examined the open‐ended survey responses of parents describing which food textures were “easy” or “difficult” for their child with DS. The open‐ended responses from the parents about textures and foods they considered “easy” or “difficult” for their child (n = 157) were coded into 26 texture categories. Chewy and firm were more frequently listed as “difficult” textures by parents. Textures found to be cited more frequently as “easy” textures included creamy, crispy/crunchy, dissolvable, mushy, puree, smooth, and soft. Age influenced the citation of specific textures. As age increased, crispy/crunchy, dry, and hard were more likely to be listed as “easy” while lumpy, mushy, and gooey/soggy/wet were less likely be listed as “easy.” For “difficult” textures, as age increased, juicy was more likely to be listed as “difficult” while the textures of creamy, dry, lumpy, and tender were less likely to be “difficult.” While this research provides information as to the food textures children with DS find “easy” or “difficult,” further research is needed to better understand how to expand the variety of textures in the diets of children with DS.     

对交际能力定义的重新思考

Canale和Swain对交际能力的定义常常被外语界看成是衡量语言学习者是否具有交际能力的尺度,交际能力理论也是导致交际教学法产生的源头。随着语言和教学研究的不断深入,外语界对交际能力有了新的认识,该定义的对象、文化范围以及语言掌握的熟练度等或者存在着严重的局限性,或者被理想化了。为此,我们对交际能力定义提出新的看法,认为交际能力的定义应该涵盖英语作为国际通用语言的文化语境,交际不仅发生在母语者和目标语学习者之间,也常常发生在不同国籍的使用英语进行交流的人们之间。所以外语界有必要对交际能力定义提出新的见解。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.