基于改进运动历史图像的多运动目标实时跟踪

提出了一种利用视频图像对运动目标进行实时检测与跟踪的新方法.该方法利用基于改进的时间片的运动历史图像(tMHI)的灰度阶梯轮廓方法对多个运动目标进行检测,通过卡尔曼滤波器对多目标进行跟踪,并得到了各个运动目标的轨迹曲线,进而实现了对视频图像中多目标的跟踪.同时,该方法对多个目标的遮挡问题获得了明显的改善效果.实验结果表明,该方法能够对复杂场景下的多个目标进行有效的识别和准确的跟踪,系统的实时性强,识别率高,而且该方法对于复杂视频监视系统场景中的光照变化、雨雾等干扰具有较强的稳健性.     

OPTICS聚类与目标区域概率模型的多运动目标跟踪

目的 针对多运动目标在移动背景情况下跟踪性能下降和准确度不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于OPTICS聚类与目标区域概率模型的方法。方法 首先引入了Harris-Sift特征点检测,完成相邻帧特征点匹配,提高了特征点跟踪精度和鲁棒性;再根据各运动目标与背景运动向量不同这一点,引入了改进后的OPTICS加注算法,在构建的光流图上聚类,从而准确的分离出背景,得到各运动目标的估计区域;对每个运动目标建立一个独立的目标区域概率模型(OPM),随着检测帧数的迭代更新,以得到运动目标的准确区域。结果 多运动目标在移动背景情况下跟踪性能下降和准确度不高的问题通过本文方法得到了很好地解决,Harris-Sift特征点提取、匹配时间仅为Sift特征的17%。在室外复杂环境下,本文方法的平均准确率比传统背景补偿方法高出14%,本文方法能从移动背景中准确分离出运动目标。结论 实验结果表明,该算法能满足实时要求,能够准确分离出运动目标区域和背景区域,且对相机运动、旋转,场景亮度变化等影响因素具有较强的鲁棒性。     

A Competitive Neural Network for Multiple Object Tracking in Video Sequence Analysis

Tracking of moving objects in real situation is a challenging research issue, due to dynamic changes in objects or background appearance, illumination, shape and occlusions. In this paper, we deal with these difficulties by incorporating an adaptive feature weighting mechanism to the proposed growing competitive neural network for multiple objects tracking. The neural network takes advantage of the most relevant object features (information provided by the proposed adaptive feature weighting mechanism) in order to estimate the trajectories of the moving objects. The feature selection mechanism is based on a genetic algorithm, and the tracking algorithm is based on a growing competitive neural network where each unit is associated to each object in the scene. The proposed methods (object tracking and feature selection mechanism) are applied to detect the trajectories of moving vehicles in roads. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed system compared to the standard Kalman filter.     

Object tracking method based on data computing

The data computing process is utilized in various areas such as autonomous driving. Autonomous vehicles are intended to detect and track nearby moving objects avoiding collisions and to navigate in complex situations, such as heavy traffic and dense pedestrian areas. Therefore, object tracking is the core technology in the environment perception systems of autonomous vehicles and requires the monitoring of surrounding objects and the prediction of the moving states of objects in real time. In this paper, a multiple object tracking method based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is proposed by using a Kalman filter and data computing process. We suppose that the movements of the tracking objects are captured consecutively as frames; thus, model-based detection and tracking of dynamic objects are possible. A Kalman filter is applied for predicting posterior state of tracking object based on anterior state of the tracking object. State denotes the positions, shapes, and sizes of objects. By computing the likelihood probability between predicted tracking objects and clusters which registered from tracking objects, the data association process of the tracking objects can be generated. Experimental results showed enhanced object tracking performance in a dynamic environment. The average matching probability of the tracking object was greater than 92.9%.

     

基于改进高斯混合模型的实时运动目标检测与跟踪*

为提高运动目标检测与跟踪的可靠性,提出了一种基于改进高斯混合模型的实时运动目标检测与跟踪算法。该算法建立可自动调节分布数目的高斯混合背景模型,通过背景减除获取前景图像;利用目标相邻帧的连续性分割运动目标;在此基础上将传统的颜色直方图模型进行改进,提高目标颜色分布的可信度,进而根据目标的位置、大小和颜色构造运动目标全局匹配相似度函数,实时完成运动目标检测与跟踪。利用大量的监控视频数据进行验证,结果表明,与传统的检测跟踪算法相比,该算法减少了计算量,提高了复杂背景情况下运动目标检测与跟踪的可靠性。     

Rigid body segmentation and shape description from dense opticalflow under weak perspective

We present an algorithm for identifying and tracking independently moving rigid objects from optical flow. Some previous attempts at segmentation via optical flow have focused on finding discontinuities in the flow field. While discontinuities do indicate a change in scene depth, they do not in general signal a boundary between two separate objects. The proposed method uses the fact that each independently moving object has a unique epipolar constraint associated with its motion. Thus motion discontinuities based on self-occlusion can be distinguished from those due to separate objects. The use of epipolar geometry allows for the determination of individual motion parameters for each object as well as the recovery of relative depth for each point on the object. The algorithm assumes an affine camera where perspective effects are limited to changes in overall scale. No camera calibration parameters are required. A Kalman filter based approach is used for tracking motion parameters with time     

采用测地线活动轮廓模型检测与跟踪运动目标

水平集几何活动轮廓模型能较好地适应曲线的拓扑变化.为了跟踪和获取刚体和非刚体运动目标的轮廓信息,提出了一种基于改进测地线活动轮廓(GAC)模型和Kalman滤波相结合的算法以检测和跟踪运动目标.该算法首先采用高斯混合模型和背景差分获取目标的运动区域,在运动区域内采用引入距离规则化项的GAC模型进行曲线演化,使改进GAC模型在运动目标的真实轮廓处收敛;然后通过结合Kalman滤波预测目标下一帧的位置,实现对目标轮廓跟踪.实验结果表明,该方法适用于刚体和非刚体目标,在部分遮挡的情况下也能保持良好的检测和跟踪效果.     

Tracking multiple moving objects by binary object forest segmentation

In an earlier study it was shown that the low level image segmentation technique known as binary object forest (BOF) analysis could be successfully used to extract one or two moving objects from complex backgrounds, even when the motion involved was very large. The method involved performing BOF analysis on each of a pair of images from a sequence and then matching the vertices of the resulting graphs. In the present study the problem of tracking multiple objects in complex backgrounds and in difficult circumstances such as partial occlusion, is considered. The approach taken is once again to perform an initial BOF analysis of each image but now to attempt matching over subgraphs of the BOF rather than simply on individual vertices. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that this results in a much more robust matching scheme. This increase in robustness not only allows multiple objects to be tracked but facilitates correct matching even when partial object occlusion occurs and when motion towards the sensor results in large (apparent) size changes between frames.     

Automated probabilistic estimation framework in real-time simultaneous objects tracking

State-of-the-art in real-time simultaneous objects tracking through automated probabilistic estimation framework has been considered. The approach proposed here is dealt with in association with a novel self-correcting particle filter to track a number of moving objects. This idea is applicable to track most of simultaneous non-rigid objects, since 3D image is analyzed. Due to the fact that the captured frames are taken into account as two dimensional data matrices, some appropriate extracted features of the processed frames could be utilized to make the third dimension. The whole of suitable features of moving objects, which cannot directly be applied to the process of posterior probability calculation, need to be fed to a neural network for the purpose of making the third dimension. Subsequently, the probabilistic estimation of the present self-correcting particle filter in each frame is corrected through the neural network results to estimate each identified object, appropriately, in its current frame. The effectiveness of the proposed approach performance is guaranteed, once the results of three known particle filter-based procedures are taken into real consideration as benchmark approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the traditional tracking systems for various challenging scenarios. It is shown that the accuracy of the proposed approach is improved, while its tracking error is correspondingly decreased.     

基于SAD与UKF-MeanShift的主动目标跟踪

针对复杂场景下动态目标难以准确分割以及目标难以准确定位的问题,提出将绝对差值和(SAD)方法、无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)和Mean shift算法相结合的混合自主跟踪动态目标的方法。首先,采用SAD方法获相邻两帧的视差信息,利用视差实现动态目标的检测,并依此建立目标的核直方图描述模型和状态空间模型,然后UKF算法对状态空间进行滤波估计,最后采用Mean shift 算法精确定位目标。实验结果表明该方法不仅能有效检测场景的动态目标,同时还能获得目标的运动信息。文中所提出的基于UKF-Mean shift的跟踪策略与相关算法相比,体现出较好的跟踪效果与时间性能。     

XBR树:一种基于四叉树的空间对象移动路径索引结构

地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)重要的研究课题之一就是有效跟踪移动空间对象,这个研究方向是与当前快速发展的移动应用密切相关的,这是因为只有很好地研究移动空间对象索引技术,才能够满足用户各种空间、范围、时空等类型的查询需求.在本文中主要讨论了一种被称为(External Balaced Regular trees-XBR trees)[1,11]的移动空间对象数据库索引结构,采用XBR树索引能够有效支持区域查询,尤其是在关于移动空间对象历史移动路径查询上,能够有效提高系统效率.     

Contour tracking with automatic motion model switching

In this paper we present an efficient contour-tracking algorithm which can track 2D silhouette of objects in extended image sequences. We demonstrate the ability of the tracker by tracking highly deformable contours (such as walking people) captured by a static camera. We represent contours (silhouette) of moving objects by using a cubic B-spline. The tracking algorithm is based on tracking a lower dimensional shape space (as opposed to tracking in spline space). Tracking the lower dimensional space has proved to be fast and efficient. The tracker is also coupled with an automatic motion-model switching algorithm, which makes the tracker robust and reliable when the object of interest is moving with multiple motion. The model-based tracking technique provided is capable of tracking rigid and non-rigid object contours with good tracking accuracy.     

基于粒子滤波和背景减除的多目标检测与跟踪算法

大多数应用于视频监控领域的目标跟踪模式识别方法,都需要先对移动目标进行模式学习。但是,这些方法不适合同时跟踪多个不同的目标,因为每一个移动目标的模式都应该是预先确定好的。因此,提出了一种新的基于粒子滤波和背景减除的无监督多运动目标检测与跟踪方法来解决这个问题。该方法能够自动探测和跟踪许多移动目标,没有任何学习阶段,也没有任何关于大小、性质或初始位置的先验知识。对多个视频测试集进行了实验验证,测试结果表明,该方法可以成功地处理复杂情况下的目标跟踪。与其他方法进行比较,结果显示提出的方法检测以及跟踪目标性能更好。     

融合HOG与ARMA模型的粒子滤波跟踪

传统的粒子滤波算法在跟踪目标受到相似背景干扰和遮挡或跟踪目标高速运动时,容易造成跟踪误差增大或跟踪失效的影响。针对室外运动目标跟踪的复杂性,提出一种对于干扰适应性较强的融合梯度方向直方图与自回归移动平均(ARMA)模型的粒子滤波跟踪方法。建立ARMA运动模型,用前两帧目标的位姿状态预测目标下一帧的状态,解决目标跟踪的角度变化与部分遮挡问题。实验结果表明,该模型能克服光照突变引发目标色彩突变的问题。     

基于双直方图自适应选择的目标跟踪算法*

针对传统的均值漂移算法,加入了梯度方向直方图及其与颜色直方图的自适应选择,提高了均值漂移算法在复杂场景中目标跟踪的鲁棒性。传统的均值漂移算法往往选择固定的一个颜色直方图对目标进行跟踪,当目标自身或者跟踪场景发生变化时,容易跟踪失败。通过分析被跟踪目标在当前场景中与目标模板在颜色以及梯度方向上的相似性并设定阈值,从而选择并使用当前有效的目标特征,实现复杂变化场景下的目标跟踪。一系列不同场景下的运动目标跟踪实验,证实了该算法的可靠性。     

自动分割及跟踪视频运动对象的一种实现方法

随着MPEG-4压缩标准的制定,分割及跟踪视频运动对象的研究显得极其重要。在MPEG-4视频编码标准中,为了实现基于视频内容的交互功能,其视频序列的每一帧由视频对象面（VOP）来表示。为了生成视频对象面,需要对视频序列中的运动对象进行有效的分割;并跟踪运动对象随时间的变化,为此提出并实现了一种用于分割及跟踪视频运动对象的时空联合方法。该方法首先采用连续帧间差的4次统计量假设检验,确定运动对象的位置,自动地分离出运动区域与背景区域;在运动区域内,采用数学形态学的分水线算法来精确地提取运动对象的轮廓;最后,将提取到的运动对象作为模板,对后续的视频序列,用Hausdorff距离度量,来跟踪并提取后续帧中运动对象。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地分割和跟踪视频运动对象,且能有效减少计算复杂度,其调整参数也较少。     

基于像素可信度和空间位置的运动目标跟踪

运动目标跟踪是视频信息处理的重要研究课题之一.首先将时间域上的中值背景建模与空间域上最小交叉熵法相结合,用于检测运动目标所在跟踪区域.在此基础上,提出了跟踪区域内基于像素的可信度与空间位置的权重函数,利用HSV色彩分布模型计算出目标模型与预测模型间的相似性,选出最优相似模型作为当前目标模型,从而实现了多目标的跟踪.实验显示,该算法计算简单,对相似目标能实现准确的跟踪,对非刚性目标的尺度变化、多目标的交叉及部分遮挡具有鲁棒性.     

交互式分割视频运动对象的研究与实现

在 MPEG- 4视频编码标准中 ,为了实现基于视频内容的交互功能 ,视频序列的每一帧由视频对象面来表示 ,而生成视频对象面 ,需要对视频序列中运动对象进行有效分割 ,并跟踪运动对象随时间的变化 .在视频分割方法中 ,交互式分割视频对象能满足分割的效率与质量指标要求 ,因此提出了一种交互分割与自动跟踪相结合的方式来分割视频语义对象 ,即在初始分割时 ,依据用户的交互与形态学的分水线分割算法相结合提取视频对象轮廓 ,并用改进的轮廓跟踪方法有效提高视频对象轮廓的精度 ;对后续帧的跟踪 ,采用六参数仿射变换跟踪运动对象轮廓的变化 ,用平移估算的运动矢量作为初始值 ,计算六参数仿射变换的参数 .实验结果表明 ,该方法能有效地分割并跟踪视频运动对象     

户外环境下抗遮挡的运动目标跟踪方法

针对户外环境光线和气候条件多变以及目标间相互遮挡对目标检测和跟踪的影响,提出了一种基于改进的高斯混合模型方法来检测运动目标,并消除噪声和阴影;同时采用基于Kalman滤波器的预测模型和最大后验概率目标匹配相结合的方法来实现目标的连续跟踪。实验表明,该方法能实现目标的稳定跟踪,且能够处理目标相互遮挡的情况,计算复杂度较低,基本满足实时应用的需求。     

Optimal rendezvous-point selection for robotic interception ofmoving objects

A number of active prediction planning and execution (APPE) systems have recently been proposed for robotic interception of moving objects. The cornerstone of such systems is the selection of a robot-object rendezvous-point on the predicted object trajectory. Unlike tracking-based systems, which minimize the state difference between the object and the robot at each control period, in this methodology the robot is sent directly to the selected rendezvous-point. A fine-motion tracking strategy would then be employed for grasping the moving object. Herein, a novel strategy for selecting the optimal (earliest) rendezvous-point is presented. For objects with predictable trajectories, this is a significant improvement over previous APPE strategies which select the rendezvous-point from a limited number of non-optimally chosen candidates.