移动Ad hoc网络中基于拓扑控制的节能算法

如何降低节点能耗,延长节点生存时间是移动Ad hoc网络的一个研究热点,对此提出了一种基于拓扑控制的节能算法ECA/TC（Energy Conservation Algorithm with Topology Control）。该算法在RNG图的基础上,采用邻节点消除机制,有效降低了节点的传输功率及广播消息在网络中的转发次数。仿真结果显示该算法具有较好性能,能够提高网络能效。     

一种基于反向CDS树的异构WSNs拓扑构建方法

在无线传感器网络中,拓扑控制是节约能源、延长生命周期的一项关键技术。现有拓扑控制方法的研究主要集中在同构网络,对此,面向异构网络提出了一种低信息复杂度的基于反向连通支配集树的分布式拓扑构建算法。基于最小连通支配集构建虚拟骨干树,改进了A3G算法中节点的适应度函数和算法流程,优化了产生的连通支配集的规模和通信开销,进一步降低信息复杂度,在保证连通性的同时关闭网络冗余节点以降低能耗。理论分析和仿真实验证明,算法能够以较小的时间和通信代价构建拓扑,延长网络生命周期。     

Power control based topology construction for the distributed wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network consists of large number of sensor nodes with limited battery power, which are randomly deployed over certain area for several applications. Due to limited energy resource of sensors, each of them should minimize the energy consumption to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, a distributed algorithm for the multi-hop wireless sensor network is proposed to construct a novel energy efficient tree topology, without having location information of the nodes. Energy conservation of the nodes is accomplished by controlling transmission power of the nodes. Besides, maintenance of the network topology due to energy scarcity of the gateway nodes is also proposed in the protocol. Simulation results show that our distributed protocol can achieve energy conservation up to an optimum level similar to the centralized algorithm that we have considered and can extend the network lifetime as compared to other distributed algorithms without any power control.     

一种能耗均衡的WSN分布式拓扑博弈算法

无线传感器网络（wireless sensor network,WSN）中通常节点能量受限,节点间能耗不均衡会导致网络生命周期缩短.针对该问题,综合考虑节点的能量效率和能耗均衡,通过引入阿特金森指数设计了一种改进优化的综合效用函数;基于此,建立了一种能耗均衡的拓扑博弈模型,并证明了该拓扑博弈模型是序数势博弈且存在帕累托最优;提出了一种能耗均衡的WSN分布式拓扑博弈算法（DTCG）.通过仿真实验及对比分析表明,相较于其它基于博弈理论的拓扑控制算法,DTCG算法能在保证网络连通性和鲁棒性的前提下,降低节点发射功率,拥有更好的能量均衡性和能量效率,可以有效延长网络生命周期.     

AdHoc网络基于能量均衡的拓扑控制算法研究

为了延长无线AdHoe网络的生存期,降低节点传输过程中的功率消耗,该文提出了一种基于能量均衡的分布式拓扑控制算法,通过引人综合反映能量消耗及剩余能量两方面因素的路径权值函数,根据节点剩余能量的实时变化动态优化网络的拓扑结构。仿真结果表明,算法可以构建具有连通性的网络拓扑结构,与其它算法相比,能够均衡整个AdHoc网络节点的能量,显著地延长网络的寿命,从而保证网络长时间的可靠运行。     

一种基于地理位置的传感器网络拓扑控制方案①

网络节点掌握自身位置信息前提下如何设计成簇算法是传感器网络拓扑控制的一个重要研究方向。以提高网络的能耗有效性为目的进行深入研究,提出了一种新的基于精确地理位置的拓扑控制方案。仿真结果表明,该拓扑控制方案能耗低,适用于大规模网络,能够有效延长传感器网络的生存期。     

拓扑控制对Ad hoc网络能耗及生存期的影响分析

Ad hoc网络的能耗主要与节点的发射功率、数据包转发次数及端到端通过量三者有关。通过建立网络能耗模型分析和实验仿真发现,对负载较低的网络实施拓扑控制技术可以降低网络能耗、延长网络生存期;而对负载较高的网络实施拓扑控制技术,虽不能有效降低网络能耗,但仍然可以延长网络的生存期。     

无线传感器网络非均匀等级分簇拓扑结构研究

网络拓扑结构影响着传感器节点的负载均衡与生存周期,分簇结构是无线传感网络的一种有效地拓扑管理方式。根据血管网络特征以及对构建无线传感器网络拓扑结构的启示,提出了无线传感器网络非均匀等级分簇拓扑结构。分析血管网络结构特征,建立数学模型和网络拓扑结构,对具有压力差的网络节点进行等级标定。根据改进粒子群算法进行非等概率静态分簇,形成不同等级区域具有密度和规模不等的非均匀等级分簇拓扑结构。仿真分析表明,此算法能优化网络分簇,均衡节点能耗,延长网络生命期,避免网络能耗热点问题。     

IRPL: An energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

This study aims to overcome the disadvantages of the original RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy networks) routing protocol (RPL including problems with energy consumption and energy load balance). We developed a relatively balanced RPL – the improved protocol (IRPL). This protocol is based on an efficient clustering algorithm and an effective topology control model of the loop domain communication route. The clustering algorithm can be used to calculate the optimal number of cluster heads by assumption of the network model. Combined with the clustering probability model and the node competition mechanism, the cluster head node in the wireless sensor network was used to complete the clustering process. In the topology control model, the wireless sensor network was divided into concentric rings with equal areas. Nodes determined the best network route, depending on different levels of ring domain and the optimal forwarding communication area defined in this study. Simulation results indicate that the IRPL routing protocol can reduce overall network energy consumption, balance network energy consumption, and prolong network lifetime.     

Research of energy efficient clustering algorithm for multilayer wireless heterogeneous sensor networks prediction research

In designing wireless sensor networks of image transmitting, it is important to reduce energy dissipation and prolong network lifetime. This paper presents the research on existing clustering algorithm applied in heterogeneous sensor networks and then puts forward an energy-efficient prediction clustering algorithm, which is adaptive to sensor networks with energy and objects heterogeneous. This algorithm enables the nodes to select the cluster head according to factors such as energy and communication cost, thus the nodes with higher residual energy have higher probability to become a cluster head than those with lower residual energy, so that the network energy can be dissipated uniformly. In order to reduce energy consumption when broadcasting in clustering phase and prolong network lifetime, an energy consumption prediction model is established for regular data acquisition nodes. Simulation results and the application in image clustering show that compared with current clustering algorithms, this algorithm can achieve longer sensor network lifetime, higher energy efficiency, and superior network monitoring quality.     

A tree-based topology construction algorithm with probability distribution and competition in the same layer for wireless sensor network

Topology construction is an efficient strategy to save energy and extend lifetime in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a theorem of probability distribution about the number of nodes in each layer is proposed and discussed with theoretical verification. Then a tree-based topology construction algorithm with probability distribution and competition in the same layer (PCLT) is proposed for reducing communication packets and energy consumption. PCLT calculates the weighted value of nodes through broadcasting messages and selects the best parent node using competition method in the same layer. Furthermore, the secondary waken strategy is given to make a decision of which node needs to be waken up in terms of its probability distribution. The effectiveness of the PCLT algorithm is verified by the simulation results. Compared with EECDS, A3 and EBCDS algorithms, it has competitive edges in number of backbone nodes, energy consumption, and number of messages as well as the network lifetime.     

EEMC: An energy-efficient multi-level clustering algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks can be used to collect environmental data from the interested area using multi-hop communication. As sensor networks have limited and non-rechargeable energy resources, energy efficiency is a very important issue in designing the topology, which affects the lifetime of sensor networks greatly. In this paper, the energy consumption is modeled and compared under the flat scheme and the clustering scheme, respectively. Motivated by the analysis, we propose an energy-efficient multi-level clustering algorithm called EEMC, which is designed to achieve minimum energy consumption in sensor networks. The cluster head election scheme is also considered in EEMC. EEMC terminates in O(log log N) iterations given N nodes. When the path loss exponent is 2, EEMC also achieves minimum latency. We focus on the case where sink node is remotely located and sensor nodes are stationary. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is effective in prolonging the network lifetime of a large-scale network, as well as low latency and moderate overhead across the network.     

传感器网络中结合SOM与免疫克隆选择的分簇路由策略

提出一种结合自组织映射(SOM)与免疫克隆选择算法的分簇路由策略SICR(SOM and Immune Clonal Selection Based Clustering Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks).在分簇聚类时,充分考虑了网络节点密度、剩余能量以及与汇聚点间距离等因素,采用一种基于自组织映射原理的簇头竞争算法,构建了能量消耗均衡的分簇结构.该结构可以有效的应用于节点能量异构的网络场景.同时,为了减少簇重构次数,降低重构开销,在维护阶段引入了自适应调整机制,簇首可根据簇内各成员的剩余能量估算簇的稳定性,并据此调整簇规模.路由的组织则分为簇内通信和簇间通信两部分:簇内通信基于建立的簇内拓扑路径集进行;簇间通信则通过基于克隆选择算法建立的最小汇集树进行.模拟实验表明,与现有的几种算法相比,SICR能更好均衡节点的能量消耗和延长网络寿命.     

EECS:一种无线传感器网络中节能的聚类方案

在无线传感器网络中,节点聚类是一种有效的拓扑控制手段,可以增加网络的可扩展性以及延长网络寿命。LEACH是一个经典的延长网络寿命的聚类协议。提出了一种新颖的聚类策略EECS,它适用于周期性的数据收集应用。在聚类首领选举阶段本策略选取小部分节点参加竞选,采用无迭代过程的局部通信方式,而且总是选取剩余能量较多的节点担任聚类首领。进一步,在聚类建立阶段它创新地使用了一种聚类首领负载均衡的方法。EECS协议具有控制消息开销小,聚类在空间上分布近似均匀,网络能量有效利用率高等特点。模拟结果表明,与LEACH协议在相同假设的基础上,EECS方案延长网络寿命35%以上。     

Energy-aware self-organisation algorithms with heterogeneous connectivity in wireless sensor networks

Heterogeneity of node energy is a common phenomenon in wireless sensor networks. In such node energy heterogeneous sensor network, how to balance the energy consumption is the key problem on extending the lifetime of the sensor network system. An energy-efficient self-organisation algorithm with heterogeneous connectivity based on energy-awareness is proposed. Each sensor node in the network adjusts its own transmission radius based on the local energy information during the constructing and operating phase. Thus heterogeneous network topology, in which the nodes can choose different transmission radius, is formed. In contrast to the homogeneous network model, in which the node carries the same radius, simulation and analysis are conducted to explore the topology characteristics and robustness with different node energy distribution. The degree distribution shows the scale-free property in the heterogeneous model. The proposed network model enjoys higher efficiency of transmitting data, less clustering, higher robustness under node random failures and longer network lifetime than those in the homogeneous ones.     

Energy-aware weighted graph based dynamic topology control algorithm

In this paper a new energy-aware weighted dynamic topology control (WDTC) algorithm is proposed to extend the lifetime of wireless network and balance the nodes’ energy consumption. The idea is that each node builds its local minimum spanning tree (MST) based on the energy-aware weighted graph and the network topology is adjusted accordingly. It was proved theoretically that the topology under WDTC algorithm could preserve the network connectivity and a sufficient condition for the degree of no more than 6 was also given. Simulation shows that WDTC algorithm can effectively prolong the network lifetime and has good topological features.     

An energy-efficient topology construction algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Topology management schemes have emerged as promising approaches for prolonging the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The connected dominating set (CDS) concept has also emerged as the most popular method for energy-efficient topology control in WSNs. A sparse CDS-based network topology is highly susceptible to partitioning, while a dense CDS leads to excessive energy consumption due to overlapped sensing areas. Therefore, finding an optimal-size CDS with which a good trade-off between the network lifetime and network coverage can be made is a crucial problem in CDS-based topology control. In this paper, a degree-constrained minimum-weight version of the CDS problem, seeking for the load-balanced network topology with the maximum energy, is presented to model the energy-efficient topology control problem in WSNs. A learning automata-based heuristic is proposed for finding a near optimal solution to the proxy equivalent degree-constrained minimum-weight CDS problem in WSN. A strong theorem in presented to show the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Superiority of the proposed topology control algorithm over the prominent existing methods is shown through the simulation experiments in terms of the number of active nodes (network topology size), control message overhead, residual energy level, and network lifetime.     

传感器网络中一种基于分层的功率控制算法

无线传感器网络的能耗决定了网络的生存时间,如何设计有效的算法来延长网络的生存时间是一个重要的研究课题。针对矩形传感器网络,提出一种基于分层的功率控制算法,通过分析节点的能耗来计算层的宽度和节点的通信半径,以达到网络能耗的均衡分布。仿真实验表明,算法能有效延长网络的生存时间。     

一种适用于无线传感器网络的功率控制MAC协议

功率控制技术通过减少节点的发射功率来降低能耗,但节点间不对称的发射功率会增加网络的冲突概率并降低吞吐量.根据实际环境中的节点部署情况,引入了基于Pareto分布的系统模型.研究了传感器网络中功率控制技术在节省能量方面的性能,提出了一种基于SMAC(sensor-MAC)可适用于无线传感器网络的功率控制MAC(media access control)协议.此协议使用功率控制调度算法选择最优相邻节点,使网络中节点的拓扑连接得到优化,在保证网络连通性的同时,降低通信的冲突率,扩大网络的吞吐量.信息的传递以最优功率发射,并使通信节点具有反作用冲突节点的能力,从而在降低网络能耗的同时保证了节点间通信的公平性.实验仿真结果显示,与现有的几种重要方案相比,新的功率控制MAC协议使网络具有了更大的有效吞吐量及更长的生存时间.     

LEACH协议在矿井环境监测系统中的改进

论文主要研究了无线传感器网络路由技术在矿井环境下的应用.针对矿井巷道洞穴式拓扑、环境恶劣等特点,对LEACH算法加以改进,提出了一种可靠的能量高效的路由算法LEACH-MMS.它采用非均匀成簇的策略,并结合单跳、多跳两种传输方式进行数据传输,有效地改善了网络可靠性、可扩展性以及能耗不均等问题.仿真结果表明,与LEACH算法相比,该算法在一定程度上提高了通信质量、均衡了网络能耗,有效延长了网络的生命周期.