掺铝氧化锌包覆LiFePO4的合成与性能（英文）

以简单的固相法合成了橄榄石结构LiFePO4,并以导电掺铝氧化锌材料(AZO)对其表面进行包覆。充放电结果显示,表面包覆大幅度改善了LiFePO4材料的倍率和低温性能。在20C高倍率条件下,AZO包覆LiFePO4的放电比容量可达100.9mA·h/g;在低温20°C时进行0.2C充放电,未包覆LiFePO4和AZO包覆LiFePO4的放电比容量分别为50.3mA·h/g和119.4mA·h/g。经分析,这可能是由于采用导电AZO包覆措施而增加了LiFePO4材料的电导率,从而极大地提高了其比容量。另外,导电AZO包覆措施还增加了LiFePO4材料的振实密度。这些结果表明AZO包覆LiFePO4材料是一种很好的适用于锂离子动力电池的正极材料。     

微纳米LiFePO4正极材料的研究进展

纳米LiFePO4正极材料由于具有颗粒小、比表面积大的优势,是改善其动力学性能的有效手段,但由于较差的加工性能使其发展受限。通过纳微组装制备一次粒子为纳米颗粒,二次粒子为微米颗粒的微纳米LiFePO4正极材料可以改善纳米材料的加工性能。本文综述了近期微纳米LiFePO4正极材料的研究方向,主要介绍了规则形貌的微纳米LiFePO4正极材料的研究进展。     

LiFePO4固相碳热合成法研究

以碳热还原法为原理，采用Fe2O3、Li2CO3、NH3H2PO4和碳黑为原料，以一定计量比和顺序混合，经过球磨、干燥、造粒、预烧、烧成等几道工序，制备出黑色的LiFePO4粉末。利用化学分析、XRD、SEM等手段研究了工艺流程对合成产物晶体结构、表面形貌的影响。利用合成材料组装电池，通过充放电试验测试电化学性能。结果表明，以0．1C速率充放电，首次充放电容量在150mAh／g。从长远看来，这种低成本，工艺简单，绿色无污染的合成方法很具有工业实用化生产价值。     

固相法合成LiFePO4/C正极材料的电化学性能

以廉价原材料FeSO4·7H2O为铁源,以蔗糖为碳源,采用固相法合成了锂离子电池正极材料--LiFePO4/C复合材料.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试技术对不同铁源合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行研究.结果表明:合成的样品具有均一的橄榄石型结构,以FeSO4·7H2O为铁源合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的循环性能和高倍率放电性能均优于以FeC2O4·2H2O为铁源合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的;由FeSO4·7H2O合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料的5C倍率放电比容量为105.9 mA-h/g,经循环30次后,容量仍高达105.2 mA-h/g.     

分步碳包覆合成高密度LiFePO4/C复合材料

采用分步碳包覆法合成LiFePO4/C复合材料。首先,将原料Fe2O3、NH4H2PO4和葡萄糖经过固相反应合成Fe2P2O7/C复合材料,再将Fe2P2O7/C与前驱体Li2CO3、葡萄糖混合,通过二次碳包覆工艺合成LiFePO4/C复合材料,并考察合成温度对LiFePO4/C复合材料电化学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、差热-热重分析、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和充放电测试对材料的性能进行表征。结果表明:以制取的Fe2P2O7/C为前驱体合成的LiFePO4/C复合材料具有较好的物理和电化学性能,材料的振实密度达1.26 g/m3,0.1C放电容量为158.3 mA.h/g,1C初次放电比容量达到140 mA.h/g。     

液相沉淀-多元醇还原法合成LiFePO4/C正极材料的电化学性能

以钛白工业副产物七水硫酸亚铁为铁源,用液相沉淀制得无定形FePO4·xH2O前躯体,然后在多元醇中与锂源反应制得LiFePO4材料,过程在常压下进行,无需煅烧与惰性气体保护。用XRD、SEM及电化学分析考察多元醇乙二醇(EG)、二甘醇(DEG)和三甘醇(TEG)对材料物相和形貌的影响。结果表明:三甘醇所得样品的锂离子扩散速率最小;此样品的晶粒尺寸最小,结晶最完整,无明显杂相生成。在室温下放电倍率为0.1C、1C和5C时,该正极材料的首次放电比容量分别达到148.8、129.3和102.8 mA·h/g,其碳包覆样品的首次放电比容量分别达到155.6、139.9和112.2 mA·h/g,且循环性能良好。     

氧化-沉淀法合成高振实密度球形LiFePO4/C正极材料

采用氧化-沉淀法,以FeSO4.7H2O、H3PO4和H2O2为原料通过合成球形前驱体FePO4.2H2O来制备高密度球形LiFePO4/C复合材料。结果表明:当溶质浓度为0.1 mol/L,搅拌速度为500 r/min,陈化时间为36 h时,可合成振实密度高、球形度好的球状前驱体FePO4.2H2O;采用超声波浸渍液法将制备的FePO4与LiOH.H2O、蔗糖混合,通过碳热还原法合成球形LiFePO4/C。该球形LiFePO4/C正极材料的振实密度为1.68 g/cm3,在0.05 C、0.1 C和0.5 C倍率下的首次放电比容量分别为138.9、128.7和113.2 mA.h/g,经20次循环后,容量的保持率分别为99%,98.7%和98.6%。     

固相法制备Y3+掺杂LiFePO4/C的反应机理及其电化学性能

以Fe2O3为铁源,采用高温固相法制备了Y3+掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料。利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、恒电流充放电等手段对材料的合成反应历程、粉体颗粒形貌以及电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:Fe3+在300～550℃间被还原为Fe2+,经过650℃煅烧后,形成晶型单一的橄榄石结构晶体。LiFe0.98Y0.02PO4/C样品在0.2 C倍率下的首次放电比容量达到了151.6 mA.h/g。     

共沉淀法纳米晶LiFePO4/C包覆粉末的合成研究

采用化学还原共沉淀法制备了LiFePO4前驱粉末。用葡萄糖溶液包覆LiFePO4前驱粉末,在合适的热处理温度下,葡萄糖热解获得纳米晶LiFePO4/C包覆粉末。用XRD,SEM,HRTEM对样品进行了分析。结果表明,LiFePO4前驱粉末由非晶构成,粉末细小且分散均匀。LiFePO4/C包覆粉末的晶粒尺寸为20~50nm,LiFePO4表面包覆的非晶碳层的厚度约为2nm。     

三价铁合成LiFePO_4/C正极材料及其性能研究

橄榄石型LiFePO_4正极材料具有对环境友善、资源丰富、价格便宜和安全性能好等优点,被认为是非常具有发展前景的锂离子电池正极材料,然而由于自身晶体结构的本征特性,LiFePO_4的电导率低,高倍率充放电性能较差是限制其应用的最大障碍,通过碳包覆或金属离子掺杂等改性方法提高这种材料的电子导电率成为锂离子电池材料领域的研究热点.以提高电化学性能和更好的实现产业化为主要目的,对LiFePO_4材料的碳包覆和合成条件等进行了研究.以氧化铁为原料,采用碳热还原法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO_4/C,利用扫描电镜和电化学性能测试方法对磷酸铁锂材料的表面形貌以及电性能进行分析研究,讨论了不同的煅烧温度、煅烧时间和掺碳量对材料电性能的影响.实验结果表明最佳合成工艺为:碳的包覆量为6%(质量分数),合成温度为720 ℃,保温时间为12 h,合成过程在惰性气氛下完成,合成的LiFePO_4/C复合正极材料在2.0～4.3 V,0.2 C倍率下的放电比容量可达160.56 mAh/g,0.5 C放电比容量可稳定在143 mAh/g左右,循环性能较好.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO_4/C复合材料及其性能

为了提高LiFePO4的电化学性能,以柠檬酸为络合剂和碳源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO4/C复合正极材料。采用FTIR和XRD等对前驱体及产物进行表征,并测试样品的电化学性能。结果表明:经700℃烧结10h所得产物具有单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,碳含量为10.81%(质量分数)。样品在0.1C下首次放电比容量为127.1mA·h/g,在0.2C、0.5C、1C下首次放电比容量分别为106.1、83.3、70.6mA·h/g。该样品在0.1C下经过20次循环后,容量还保持为126.3mA·h/g,衰减仅为0.035%。循环伏安和交流阻抗测试表明该材料具有较好的电化学性能。     

Synthesis of LiFePO4/C composite electrode with enhanced electrochemical performance

1 INTRODUCTION The ever-growing demand for portable batter- ies with high energy density is exerting pressure for the development of advancedlithium-ion batter- ies . Commercial Li-ion batteries rely on the appli- cation of one of the well-known lithiuminsertion hosts ,i .e . LiCoO2, Li Mn2O4and Li Ni O2. How- ever the high cost of cobalt resource ,low specific capacity of Li Mn2O4and Li Ni O2is known to be difficult to synthesize and its multi-phase reaction during electrochemical …     

Synthesis and electrochemical performances of spherical LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Spherical LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite powders for lithium ion batteries were synthesized by a novel processing route of co-precipitation and subsequent calcinations in a nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere. The precursors of LiFePO4, LiFePO4/C composite and the resultant products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the electrochemical performances were investigated by galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The precursors composed of amorphous Fe3(PO4)2·xH2O and crystalline Li3PO4 obtained in the co-precipitation processing have a sphere-like morphology. The spherical LiFePO4 derived from the calcinations of the precursor at 700 ℃ for 10 h in a reduction atmosphere shows a discharge capacity of 119 mAh·g -1 at the C/10 rate, while the LiFePO4/C composite with 10wt.% carbon addition exhibits a discharge capacity of 140 mAh·g -1.The electrochemical performances indicate that the LiFePO4/C composite has a higher specific capacity and a more stable cycling performance than the bare olivine LiFePO4 due to the carbon addition enhancing the electronic conductivity.     

Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode material for Li-ion battery

In the search for improved materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, LiFePO4 offers interesting possibilities because of its low raw materials cost, environmental friendliness and safety. The main drawback with using the material is its poor electronic conductivity and this limitation has to be overcome. Here Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials were prepared by a polymer-network synthesis technique. Testing of X-ray diffraction, charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry were carried out for its performance. Results show that Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials have a high initial capacity, good cycle stability and excellent low temperature performance. The electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 material can be obviously improved by doping Al. The better electrochemical performances of Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials have a connection with its conductivity.     

Influence of Ti^4＋ doping on electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

To improve the performance of LiFePO4, single phase Li1-4xTixFePO4/C (x=0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015) cathodes were synthesized by solid-state method. A certain content of glucose was used as carbon precursor and content of carbon in every final product was about 3.5%. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy observations(SEM), charge/discharge test, carbon analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results indicate that the prepared samples have ordered olivine structure and doping of the low concentration Ti~(4+) does not affect the structure of the samples. The electrochemical capabilities evaluated by charge-discharge test show that the sample with 1% Ti~(4+) (molar fraction) has good electrochemical performance delivering about an initial specific capacity of 146.7 mA·h/g at 0.3C rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement results show that the charge transfer resistance of the sample could be decreased greatly by doping an appropriate amount Ti~(4+).     

钇掺杂LiFePO4锂离子电池正极材料的制备与性能

用固相法合成LiFe1-xYxPO4 (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04)锂离子电池正极材料,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、粉末比电阻法和充放电性能测试表征材料的晶体结构、微观形貌、电子电导率和电化学性能。结果表明,少量的钇掺杂并未改变材料的晶体结构,但改善了材料的微观结构,提高其电子电导率,改善可逆容量和电化学性能。在10 mA/g的电流密度下,LiFe0.97Y0.03PO4首次放电容量可达146.54 mAh/g。     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4/C composites cathode materials

LiMnPO4/C composites were synthesized via solid-state reaction with different carbon sources:sucrose,citric acid and oxalic acid.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical performance test.The results of XRD reveal that carbon coating has no effect on the phase of LiMnPO4.The LiMnPO4/C synthesized at 600 ℃ with citric acid as carbon source shows an initial discharge capacity of 117.8 mAh·g-1 at 0.05 C rate.After 30 cycles,the capacity remains 98.2 mAh.g 1.The improved electrochemical properties of LiMnPO4/C is attributed to the decomposition of organic acid during the sintering process.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFe0.9Ni0.1PO4的合成与性能

采用高温固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiFe0.9Ni0.1PO4,研究了反应条件对合成产物的影响. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对所得样品的晶体结构、表面形貌等进行了表征. 结果表明反应温度和时间对LiFe0.9Ni0.1PO4晶体结构及材料性能均有较大影响,其中650℃下焙烧20h合成出的样品电化学性能最佳;在20mA/g 的电流密度下进行恒流充放电时,首次放电比容量可达145mA·h/g,循环30次后比容量仍为135mA·h/g,容量衰减仅为6.9%.     

锂离子电池用LiVPO4F/C基正极材料的制备和性能（英文）

将H2C2O4·2H2O,NH4H2PO4,NH4VO3和LiF通过球磨反应、烧结,合成了LiVPO4F/C基正极材料。在这个过程中,草酸起还原剂和碳源的作用,利用热重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和碳-硫分析等手段对合成的前驱体和材料进行检测和分析。XRD分析表明,球磨反应后所得到的前驱体为无定形态,而烧结后的材料中除了LiVPO4F的衍射峰外,还存在Li3V2(PO4)3和V2O3衍射峰。材料颗粒均匀,尺寸约2μm。透射电镜分析表明,合成的材料颗粒表面包裹着一层约2nm厚的无定形碳。在截止电压3.0～4.4V时,合成的材料在0.1C和10C倍率下的放电比容量分别为151.3和102.5mA·h/g。在10C倍率下循环50次后容量保持率为90.4%。在LiVPO4F和Li3V2(PO4)3的循环伏安曲线中可以明显看到V3+/V4+的氧化还原峰。     

利用新颖的三层电极提高LiFePO4／C正极材料的电化学性能

对常用的两层电极（活性材料层｜集电极）进行改进,提出一种新颖的夹心状三层电极（导电材料层｜活性材料层｜集电极）以提高 LiFePO4/C 的电化学性能。充放电测试表明：相比两层电极,三层电极中 LiFePO4/C 表现出更优的倍率性能。循环伏安和电化学阻抗测试表明：相比两层电极,三层电极中LiFePO4/C材料中的Fe3＋/Fe2＋氧化还原电对表现出更快的氧化还原速度。更好的可逆性能以及更低的电荷转移阻抗。在三层电极中,活性材料层表层中与LiFePO4/C颗粒尺寸相当的孔洞被粒径小得多的乙炔黑微粒填充,形成LiFePO4/C颗粒间的导电连接,为暴露在电解液主体LiFePO4/C颗粒中的LiFePO4晶体提供更多运输电子到达或离开的路径。