镀锌钢/铝添加中间夹层Cu、Pb的激光搭接焊研究

对1.2 mm厚DC56D+ZF镀锌钢和1.15 mm厚6016铝合金平板试件进行了添加中间夹层Cu、Pb的激光搭接焊实验研究,利用体视显微镜、卧式金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、微机控制的电子万能试验机等手段研究了钢/铝焊缝的表面成形性、接头各区域的金相组织、界面元素分布、断口形貌、主要物相与接头力学性能。结果表明:添加中间夹层Cu、Pb,焊接接头的平均抗拉强度分别为49.44、73.51 MPa,伸长率分别为1.63%、2.37%,与未添加夹层相比,抗拉强度和伸长率提高,其中Pb提高效果优于Cu;不加夹层,钢/铝试样断口呈明显脆性断裂特征;加入夹层Cu,脆性断裂特征不明显;而加入夹层Pb,试样断口呈韧性断裂特征;添加夹层Pb,钢/铝界面连接处Fe、Al、Zn、Mg、Pb元素变化剧烈,混合区宽度大,新生成Mg2Pb金属间化合物的结构比FeAl金属间化合物稳定,能抑制脆性FeAl金属间化合物生成。这是添加夹层Pb明显改善钢/铝焊接接头力学性能的重要原因。     

镀锌钢一6016铝合金异种金属加入中间夹层铅的激光焊接

对1．2mm厚镀锌钢板和1．15mm厚6016铝合金平板试件进行了加入中间夹层铅的激光搭接焊试验,通过调整焊接工艺参数获得最佳焊接成形,利用卧式金相显微镜、扫描电镜、x射线衍射、微机控制电子万能试验机等手段研究了焊接接头各区域的金相组织、断口形貌、主要物相与接头力学性能．结果表明,在钢／铝激光焊中添加中间夹层铅,焊接接头的平均抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为68．51MPa和2．37％,与没有加铅夹层相比,抗拉强度和断后伸长率明显提高;夹层铅的加入,改变了钢／铝界面的元素分布、物相组成及微观组织形态,焊接接头过渡区域Fe,Al,Zn,Mg,Pb元素的混合区宽度较大,除生成Fe—A1,Mg—Zn脆性金属间化合物外,产生了新的金属间化合物Mg2Pb,改善了焊缝金属的力学性能。     

Cr、Mo和W对FeAl金属间化合物电子结构和力学性能影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算了B2型FeAl金属间化合物的Fe8Al8和Fe8XAl7(X=Cr,Mo和W)超晶胞系统总能量、结合能、晶格常数、弹性常数、态密度和差分电荷密度,研究了合金元素对B2型FeAl金属间化合物晶体结构、电子结构和力学性能的影响。根据系统驰豫和几何优化确定了合金系统的稳定晶体结构;计算结果表明:随着加入元素原子半径的增大,合金的晶格常数相应增大,Fe8WAl7的晶格常数最大,Fe8CrAl7的晶格常数最小。Cr、Mo和W的加入均提升了FeAl的体模量、剪切模量和弹性模量以及改善了FeAl的脆性,其中Mo的加入对FeAl的脆性改善作用最大。根据电子结构和Cauchy压力参数计算结果的分析,FeAl金属间化合物为脆性相,主要原因是其电子结构中Fe的s、p、d态与Al的s、p态存在电子轨道杂化,呈明显的共价键特征。合金元素改善FeAl脆性的微观机理为:合金元素原子以d轨道电子为主参与了FeAl金属间化合物的电子杂化,增强了FeAl合金的结合能力;合金元素原子的加入使电荷转移量增加,增强了原子间离子键成分的作用,提高了FeAl合金的稳定性。     

微合金化对铝钢合金金属间化合物的第一性原理研究

材料的电子态密度对材料的导热及原子之间化学键连接具有重要的影响,文中采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势法,计算了合金元素(Cr,Mn,Mo,Ni,Ti,V和Zn)的掺杂对FeAl3电子特性的影响,以及Fel2Al39,(Fe10X2)Al39(X=Cr,Cu,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Si,Ti,V,Zn)和Fe...     

NiAl力学性质合金化效应的第一原理计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法,计算几种合金化元素X(X=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和Cu)与不同Fe含量(0,3.125%,4.167%,6.25%,摩尔分数)(NiFe)Al超胞的几何与电子结构,并采用如下几个力学参数:弹性常数C44、Cauchy压力参数(C12-C44)、弹性模量E和剪切模量G及比值G/B0等,表征和评判了合金化元素X与不同Fe含量对NiAl金属间化合物延性与硬度的影响。结果表明:高浓度(6.25%)合金化虽可提高NiAl晶体的硬度,但却导致NiAl延展性降低,合金化后NiAl硬度增加的次序为:(Ni7Mn)Al8>(Ni7Co)Al8>(Ni7Fe)Al8>(Ni7Cr)Al8>(Ni7Cu)Al8>NiAl,其延性降低次序则与硬度增加次序相反;随着Fe含量的升高,NiAl晶体的硬度增加,但其使硬度增加的上限约为4%,而随着Fe含量的降低,NiAl晶体的延性逐步增大,当Fe含量低到一定程度时,可改善NiAl晶体的本征脆性。     

Cu基钎料MIG钎焊接头断裂行为分析

研究用Cu3SilMn钎料、Cu10Mn6Ni钎料分别MIG钎焊镀锌Q235钢板及1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板。试验结果表明,在钎料／母材界面分别存在Si、Mn富集带,经XRD分析Si是以Fe2Si相形式存在,而Mn是以固溶体形式存在;用Cu3SilMn、Cu10Mn6Ni钎料钎焊镀锌Q235钢板接头抗拉强度试样均断在母材,抗拉强度为308．2－308．7MPa,钎焊1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板,拉伸均断在钎缝,其抗拉强度分别是331．5MPa、423．6MPa;拉伸断口分析发现,断裂起裂点在搭接钎缝的根部,主要是母材成分与少量的钎料成分混合、溶解而成,是脆性断口;止裂点在钎缝金属中（Cu3SilMn钎料）或在近界面上（Cu10Mn6Ni钎料）,是塑性断口。     

铝合金/Cu/不锈钢接触反应钎焊及中间层溶解行为(英文)

以Cu作为接触反应材料连接6063铝合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,探讨焊接工艺参数对接头组织的影响规律,分析中间反应层Cu的溶解特性结果表明:在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢一侧界面反应层由Fe2Al5、FeAl3金属间化合物和Cu-Al金属间化合物构成,与之相邻区域主要含Cu-Al金属间化合物,焊缝组织由Al-Cu共晶及大块状的Al固溶体组成;随着保温时间的延长,焊缝组织最为显著的变化是在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢一侧界面的金属间化合物层厚度增加,共晶组织宽度逐渐减小;中间反应层Cu的溶解速度非常迅速,是以秒为计量单位的快速过程,厚度为10μm的Cu溶解时间仅为0.47s。     

铝/黄铜异种金属TIG熔钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能

采用Zn-2%Al(质量分数)药芯焊丝对5052铝合金和H62黄铜进行TIG熔钎焊搭接试验,并对接头显微组织、界面层结构及力学性能进行分析。结果表明:Zn-2%Al药芯焊丝在黄铜母材表面润湿性良好,能够获得较好的铝/黄铜熔钎焊接头。在黄铜侧过渡区形成块状和条状的Al Cu脆性金属间化合物相,同时在黄铜侧界面处形成Cu9Al4、Cu Zn金属间化合物层。随焊接热输入的增大,界面层厚度先增大后减小,接头拉伸载荷也是先增大后减小。焊缝中心区及界面层的显微硬度高于铝和黄铜母材的。接头拉伸时断于黄铜侧界面区,且断口为解理断裂。     

高能球磨制备Al-Pb-Si-Sn-Cu纳米晶粉末的特性

通过机械合金化制备了Al-15％Pb-4％Si-1％Sn-1．5％Cu(质量分数)纳米晶粉末。采用X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末的组织结构、晶粒大小、微观形貌以及颗粒中化学成分分布情况进行了研究。结果表明混合粉末经过球磨后形成了纳米晶，其组织非常均匀。球磨对Pb的作用效果明显大于对Al的作用效果，经过40h球磨后Pb粒子达到40nm，而Al在球磨60h后晶粒为65nm；经球磨后，Cu和Si固溶于Al的晶格中，而Sn则固溶于Pb晶格中，并且Al和Pb发生了互溶，形成了Pb(Al）超饱和固溶体；在球磨过程中硬度高的脆性粒子Si难于完全实现合金化。     

冷喷涂制备纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层

利用机械合金化制备纳米结构FeAl固溶体合金粉末,采用冷喷涂沉积Fe(Al)固溶体合金涂层并结合后热处理原位反应制备了纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了机械合金化Fe(Al)固溶体合金粉末、喷涂态Fe(Al)合金及热处理后FeAl金属间化合物涂层的组织结构特征。结果表明,球磨Fe(Al)合金粉末具有精细的层状结构,喷涂态Fe(Al)合金涂层具有不同于传统热喷涂涂层的独特层状结构,保留了与原始粉末类似的纳米结构;在500℃热处理后涂层中Fe(Al)固溶体转变为FeAl金属间化合物,其晶粒尺寸约为30 nm。     

Joint strength and behaviour of coated aluminium in laser lap welding of steel sheets

When galvanized steel sheets are closely overlapped and welded by laser lap welding, a large amount of molten metal spatters, resulting in a poor surface appearance of the weld and weakened strength of the welded joint, as compared with that of cold-rolled steel sheets. Whereas in the case of aluminium-coated steel sheets, even when they are closely overlapped and welded by laser lap welding, no spattering occurs. Thus, a good surface appearance of the weld is obtained, but the welded joint has lower strength. In both the mentioned cases, it is known that if a clearance of about 0.1 mm is provided between the steel sheets, laser lap welding produces a good surface appearance of the weld and the welded joint strength equal to that of the cold-rolled steel sheets. This report discusses specifically how, in laser lap welding of overlapped Al-coated steel sheets, Al of the coated layer comes to enter the weld metal, also specifically how to reduce the joint strength, as well as what behaviours of Al are present when a clearance is provided between the steel sheets. When the steel sheets are closely overlapped and welded, Al becoming molten on the base metal side of the bond of the overlapped face becomes swallowed up by the bath streams of the molten pool, flowing into the molten pool, then forming the Fe–Al intermetallic compound, while not being sufficiently stirred. It is considered that when subjected to the tensile shear test, the Fe–Al intermetallic compound starts to fracture, thereby causing a partial loss of the weld metal and a reduction in the joint strength. On the other hand, when a clearance is provided between the steel sheets, it may be inferred that the fusion Al on the base metal side of the bond stays in place without flowing into the molten pool, consequently not forming the Fe–Al intermetallic compounds within the weld metal.     

Achieving high property friction stir welded aluminium/copper lap joint at low heat input

Abstract

Aluminium and copper plates with 3 mm thickness were successfully friction stir lap welded at a lower rotation rate of 600 rev min^?1 using a larger pin 8 mm in diameter. Good metallurgical bonding on the Al/Cuinterface was achieved due to the formation of a thin, continuous and uniform Al–Cu intermetallic compound layer. Furthermore, many Cu particles consisting of pure Cu and intermetallic compound layers were generated at the lower part of the nugget zone, forming a composite structure with increased hardness. A lower rotation rate resulted in a decrease in annealing softening in the heat affected zone (HAZ), and a larger diameter pin increased the Al–Cu bonding area. These factors resulted in that the friction stir welded lap joint exhibited a high failure load of 2680 N with failure in the HAZ on the aluminium side.     

Enthalpy of formation of quasicrystalline phase and ternary solid solutions in the Al-Fe-Cu system

1. Introduction A novel intermetallic-phase quasicrystal was discovered in 1984. At first, the quasicrystalline phase was observed in rapidly quenched alloys of the Al-Mn system [1]. Till date quasicrystalline phases have been obtained in more than 100 systems; mainly Al, Cu, Ti, and Zr-based systems. The pecu- liarity of the quasicrystalline phases is that the exis- tence of symmetry axes for the fifth and tenth orders are forbidden by classic crystallography. The quasi- crystalline phases…     

包覆钎料铝-钢螺柱焊接头组织及性能

采用包覆钎料感应加热方法,以AlSi钎料作为焊缝填充金属,对Q235钢螺柱和6061铝合金进行钎焊.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等表征方法,对接头的组织、成分和相组成等进行了分析.结果表明,AlSi钎料与铝母材反应充分,Si元素扩散至铝母材形成针叶状的共晶组织,焊缝近钢侧生成一条狭窄连续的Fe-Al金属间化合物,并沿垂直于铝基体的方向生成出胞状晶,金属间化合物层由Fe2Al5和FeAl3的混合相组织组成.力学性能测试表明,接头的抗剪强度最大为65 MPa,近钢侧金属间化合物的显微硬度值较高,接头断裂在金属间化合物区域,属于延性断裂.     

超声波辅助钎焊镁铝异种金属接头微观组织研究

铝合金和镁合金都具有密度小,比强度高等优点,在航天、航空等行业得到了广泛的应用。但这两种金属焊接时极易生成脆性的金属间化合物,使其很难获得性能优良的接头。在钎焊时,如何选择钎料避免有害金属间化合物的生成,是获得铝/镁异种金属优质接头的关键。为此本文选用了Sn基和Zn基两种钎料,在大气下采用超声波辅助钎焊技术进行了6063铝合金/AZ31B镁合金的焊接,通过OM、SEM以及EDS能谱对比分析了两种钎料钎焊接头组织。实验结果表明,采用Sn基钎料,钎焊接头不会生成Mg-Al脆性金属间化合物,钎缝中会溶解Al元素,Al元素以Al基固溶体相和Ag（Al）相形式存在于钎焊接头中,并且在超声波作用时间达到4.5s时,Al元素均匀分布在整个钎缝中。采用Zn基钎料,钎焊接头中有大量脆性Mg/Al金属间化合物生成,同时在钎缝组织晶界处有第二相低熔点Sn颗粒的弥散分布。     

Characterization of ultrasonic spot welded joints of Mg-to-galvanized and ungalvanized steel with a tin interlayer

Ultrasonic spot welded (USWed) Mg-to-bare steel, Mg-to-galvanized steel and Mg-to-bare steel with Sn interlayer (placed in-between Mg and bare steel) were studied. Weak joining occurred in the USWed Mg-to-bare steel, since Mg and Fe do not react with each other. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Mg₇Zn₃ and Mg₂Zn₁₁, which led to the failure of the joint, were largely present in the USWed Mg-to-galvanized steel joint. The introduction of a Sn interlayer in the USWed Mg-to-bare steel actively worked as an intermediate medium to join Mg to Fe, and led to the presence of a distinctive composite-like Sn and Mg₂Sn eutectic structure. The lap shear strength of Mg-to-bare steel with Sn interlayer joint was significantly higher than that of the Mg-to-bare steel and Mg-to-galvanized steel joints. Failure during the tensile lap shear tests occurred mainly in the partial nugget pull-out mode in the dissimilar joints of Mg-to-bare steel with Sn interlayer. All the joints of Mg-to-galvanized steel failed from the interface (cohesive failure). The addition of Sn interlayer resulted in energy saving since the welding energy required to achieve the maximum strength decreased from 1750 to 1500 J in the Mg-to-steel joints.     

Microstructural Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Compound Coating and its Ball-Milled Feedstock Powders

It is difficult to deposit dense intermetallic compound coatings by cold spraying directly using the compound feedstock powders due to their intrinsic low-temperature brittleness. A method to prepare intermetallic compound coatings in-situ employing cold spraying was developed using a metastable alloy powder assisted with post-heat treatment. In this study, a nanostructured Fe/Al alloy powder was prepared by ball-milling process. The cold-sprayed Fe/Al alloy coating was evolved in-situ to intermetallic compound coating through a post-heat treatment. The microstructural evolution of the Fe-40Al powder during mechanical alloying and the effect of the post-heat treatment on the microstructure of the cold-sprayed Fe(Al) coating were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the milled Fe-40Al powder exhibits lamellar microstructure. The microstructure of the as-sprayed Fe(Al) coating depends significantly on that of the as-milled powder. The heat-treatment temperature significantly influences the in-situ evolution of the intermetallic compound. The heat treatment at a temperature of 500 °C results in the complete transformation of Fe(Al) solid solution to FeAl intermetallic compound. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

Modeling of site occupancies in B2 FeAl and NiAl alloys with ternary additions

The addition of ternary alloying elements to FeAl and NiAl based intermetallic compounds could potentially influence their mechanical properties in a significant manner. Knowledge of the site occupancies of different species in these ternary compounds is of importance since it influences the bonding characteristics and consequently the mechanical properties. In this paper a simple approach involving chemical rate theory has been used to calculate the site occupancies in the ternary B2 compounds. These calculations predict that with increasing atomic number of 3d transition metal additions to B2 FeAl, the site occupancy of the ternary addition increases on the Fe site with the exception of Cu. The predicted exception for Cu has been experimentally verified using ALCHEMI. In addition, the site occupancies in B2 Ni–Al–Fe compounds of different compositions have been predicted and experimentally verified. The role of the relative ordering or clustering tendencies of the three different binary pairs in the ternary compound on the site preferences has also been discussed.