新型化学反应器研究的前沿课题

对目前国内外新型化学反应器研究的前沿课题进行了简要总结，指出了开发新型与多功能化学反应器的４条途径，并给出了具体实例。     

计算流体力学在模拟生化反应器中的应用研究

计算流体力学是生化反应器模拟研究的重要手段，简述了流体力学理论研究概况及其在搅拌式生物反应器，气升式生物反应器中的应用，并指出了进一步研究的方向。     

管道反应器制粉粒状磷酸一铵

本文对用管道反应器制造粉粒状磷酸一铵工艺进行了研究，试验结果表明，该工艺较之传统的加压中和反应器工艺有其显著的优越性，掌握了主要工艺条件和控制指标，可为基础设计工作提供必要的技术参数。     

夹套节能反应器的研究

本文研究的节能型反应器适用于没有蒸汽源时，需用火原直接加热的操作，可实现有蒸汽源时加热的同样效果。节能反应器的结构简单，操作灵活，安全可靠，传热速度快，节能效果显著，经对比试验证明，节能达２４－３８％。     

液固环管反应器中液固两相轴向扩散特性的研究

液固环管反应器中液固两相轴向扩散特性的研究梁五更，俞芷青，金涌，汪展文，陈靖（清华大学化学工程系，北京１０００８４）关键词：环管反应器，液固系统，轴向扩散１前言混合特征是反应器的基本流体力学性质。有关环管反应器的混合行为已有一些研究，但都集中于气－液...     

列管式固定床反应器流动与传热研究

本文给出了列管式固定床反应器的环形流道内的压力系数、穿孔阻力系数，平行流和错流形式的反应器管间压力分布以及温度试验结果。综合这些研究结果，可以为大型列管式固定床反应器的设计提供可靠的理论依据。     

声悬浮反应器的设计与控制

介绍了作者为研究气固或气液体系单颗粒的物理和化学变化过程而研制的声悬浮反应器的设计和控制。该反应器除作为主体的单轴谐振式声悬浮装置外，还包括通过自动调节腔长，维持腔室谐振的谐振跟踪系统，与谐振跟踪系统同时作用，通过相对于窗口平移谐振腔室崦使颗粒稳定悬浮在对准窗口的颗粒位置控制系统，ＣＯ２激光加热系数，红外辐射测温系统?以及为实时控制颗粒温度和位置及采集颗粒图象的微机系统。文中详细叙述了谐振跟踪和颗     

废水处理用ALR生物反应器研究与设计

生物反应器的设计和应用是当前生物工艺过程成功地进行商业化的瓶颈因素之一。气升式环流生物反应器（ＡＬＲ）在生物废水处理方面已显示出是最有前途的装置之一。然而，不象其它反应器那样，ＡＬＲ的研究设计工作还不十分成熟。本文结合玉米发酵制备酒精生产过程中，用洗渣废水培养单细胞蛋白（ＳＣＰ）所用的ＡＬＲ生物反应器的研究设计工作，对气升式环流生物反应器的结构类型、流体动力学特性和氧传统系数进行了深入的分析和计算     

甲醇合成反应器评述

详细论述了现有工业化装置典型的合成甲醇反应器的基本原理和开发过程，介绍了国内外正在开发研究的合成甲醇反应器^[1-2]，并对不同反应器的应用前景进行了比较。     

微孔无机膜反应器研究

主要介绍了无机膜在化学反应中的应用－－膜反应器研究，对膜反应器的特点、类型、应用、影响因素以及与其它反应器的比较进行了评述，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Experimental investigation on multiscale hydrodynamics in a novel gas–Liquid–Solid three phase jet-Loop reactor

Multiphase flow hydrodynamics in a novel gas–liquid–solid jet-loop reactor (JLR) were experimentally investigated at the macroscales and mesoscales. The chord length distribution was measured by an optical fiber probe and transformed for bubble size distribution through the maximum entropy method. The impacts of key operating conditions (superficial gas and liquid velocity, solid loading) on hydrodynamics at different axial and radial locations were comprehensively investigated. JLR was found to have good solid suspension ability owing to the internal circulation of bubbles and liquid flow. The gas holdup, axial liquid velocity, and bubble velocity increase with gas velocity, while liquid velocity has little influence on them. Compared with the gas–liquid JLRs, solids decrease the gas holdup and liquid circulation, reduces the bubble velocity and delays the flow development due to the enhanced interaction between bubbles and particles (Stokes number >1). This work also provides a benchmark data for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model validation. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: e16537, 2019     

Ammonia removal by air stripping in a semi-batch jet loop reactor

Ammonia is very toxic chemical and it can be removed by air stripping at high pH. JLRs have found applications in wastewater treatment processes due to their high mass transfer rates. In JLRs, intrinsic high turbulence result in a very large air-liquid surface area for greater mass transfer. Therefore, in this study, ammonia removal by air stripping from synthetically prepared ammonia solution at the high pH in a semi-batch JLR due to its high mass transfer capabilities have been investigated. Investigated parameters in a JLR were initial ammonia concentration (10–500 mg/L), temperature (20–50 °C), air flow rate (5–50 L/min) and liquid circulation rate (35–50 L/min). While it was demonstrated that temperature and air flow rate have a significant effect on the ammonia removal, it was determined that initial ammonia concentration and liquid circulation rate have no significant effect on the ammonia removal. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients (K_La) have been calculated from obtained model and it was determined that increasing temperature and air flow rate have a very significant effect on K_La. It was concluded that JLR provides higher mass transfer capabilities than other type of reactors even if less air is given.     

Mass transfer behaviour of gas-liquid jet loop reactors

A special type of jet loop reactor (JLR), designed for continuous operation and short residence times was investigated with regard to its mass transfer behaviour, described by the volumetric mass transfer coefficient k_La. The jet stream and superficial gas velocities are varied in two JLRs of different sizes, equipped with different nozzles. Fully desalinated water, 0.08 molar NaCI solution and solutions of different concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are used as the liquid phase. A steady-state physical method is employed to determine k_La: air oxygen is purged from the liquid phase by gaseous nitrogen. The measurements show that the reactor is characterized by high power density and high mass transfer performance. No limit of mass transfer capacity was observed in the chosen ranges of volumetric gas and liquid flow rates, i.e. at a given jet stream velocity, the relationship between k_La and the superficial gas velocity is nearly linear. The investigations show that the mass transfer contributed by the jet stream largely depends on liquid phase composition.     

环路反应器工程研究

在冷态模型装置上了环路反应器的流体力学特性和化学反应特性,建立了喷嘴喉部两相流的速度与喷嘴结构和操作压力的函数。在流体力学中得到的最佳结构可用于反应器的优化设计,与搅拌反应釜的对比试验表明：环咱反应器的宏观化学速率优于搅拌反应器。     

我国烷氧基化装置的工艺进展和评述（续完）

正2.1.5第5代反应器第5代反应器是PREESS喷雾反应器和BUSS文丘里混合反应器的组合,是组合式烷氧基化反应器(见图8)。第5代工艺中也有单循环回路和双循环回路2种工艺,根据产品品种的不同而采用不同的工艺。在联泓集团昊达化学有限公司工程中,生产低增长比的产品时采用无小循环回路的单回路循环工艺,生产高增长比的产品时采用双回路循环工艺。     

Mathematical analysis of the performance of a packed-bed coimmobilized bioreactor

A model has been developed to describe the performance of a packed-bed coimmobilized biochemical reactor. Each step in the consecutive reaction is assumed to follow Michaelis—Menten type kinetics. The model includes all the limiting steps controlling the rate of reaction and the additional effect of axial dispersion of bulk liquid. The model equations are solved by the explicit finite difference method from the transient to steady-state condition. The effects of various parameters of physical importance on the reactor performance are discussed.     

Comparison of two-phase and three-phase methanol synthesis processes

A comparison is made between the ICI (two-phase) methanol synthesis process and a three-phase slurry process based on a multi-stage agitated reactor. The process calculations are based on a complete reactor system consisting of the reactor itself, a recycling system and a gas-liquid separator. The basic kinetic and thermodynamic data were taken from previous studies carried out in our laboratory. The results show that both reactor systems produce comparable methanol yields under the same process conditions except for the reactor temperature. Carbon conversion to methanol values close to 100% can be achieved. The three-phase process is more efficient in terms of heat recovery and power consumption. This is primarily caused by the fact that the three-phase process generates high-pressure steam and the ICI two-phase process yields boiler feed water of 90°C. Furthermore, the pressure drop in the three-phase reactor is smaller than in the two-phase reactor, resulting in a smaller duty of the recycle compressor. However, for the present low energy prices, the annual financial savings, coupled with these energetic aspects, are not sufficient to compensate for the higher capital investment of the three-phase reactor system relative to the ICI two-phase reactor system. A relatively high natural gas price of US $4.1 per gigajoule is needed to reach the economical break-even point between the two processes. More active catalysts may be developed in the near future. Our results show that a relative increase in the catalyst activity by a factor of 1.5 or more (for both processes) will make the three-phase process of economic interest at a natural gas price of US $2.5 per gigajoule.     

聚丙烯环管反应器的模拟与参数在反应器内的分布

本文以实际运行的聚丙烯环管反应器为基础，分析了物料在反应器内的流动特性，建立了数学模型。通过对模型的求解，得到了固含率、物料浓度、床层温度和冷却水温度等参数在反应器内沿物料流动方向上的分布。计算结果与实际数据的拟合较好，为聚丙烯反应器的优化操作提供了依据。     

Control policies for an industrial acetylene hydrogenation reactor

This paper addresses the problem of finding optimal operational policies for an acetylene reactor for day to day operation. A lumped parameter model based on four main reactions is developed and used to examine the effects of the reactor manipulated variables on key reaction parameters. An optimal and a sub-optimal operational policy which minimize the ethylene loss over time are formulated and the solution techniques are presented. The results indicate that the reactor model is in good agreement with industrial plant data. The performance of the optimal control policy is very similar to the performance of the sub-optimal control policy. However, the sub-optimal formulation, while retaining the dominant features of the optimal response, reduces the computational requirements. Finally, some issues concerning the real-time implementation of an advanced acetylene reactor control scheme are presented. These include the estimation of the optimum regeneration cycle, a recursive model update algorithm, the process optimizer and their overall coordination. A preliminary analysis of the benefits associated with the advanced control scheme suggests a considerable reduction in the yearly ethylene loss.     

Effect of reactor internal properties on the performance of a flow reversal catalytic reactor for methane combustion

This paper describes the use of a flow reversal reactor for the destruction of lean emissions of methane with ambient temperature feed. The reactor consisted of two parallel sections, each containing a packed bed reactor and inert sections to act as heat traps. In this paper, the effect on reactor performance of the inert properties is illustrated. Three different inert types are described. These are a ceramic monolith of 100 cells per square inch cell density, a metal monolith and a packed bed of Denstone balls. Use of monolith inserts reduces the reactor pressure drop. Inert sections with lower thermal mass give rise to greater movement in temperature fronts, requiring the use of shorter cycles.