平板型太阳能热水供热系统防冻方法探讨

平板型太阳能集热器在恶劣气候环境下会造成冻裂。本文提出了解决防冻问题的若干想法。     

一种新型两用太阳能集热器

报导了一种新型两用太阳能集热器,它的换热效率高,既可用于加热空气,也可用于加热水,达到一套装置实现两种功能。     

太阳能干燥器发展综述

综述比较了国内外太阳能干燥器的类型,分析了目前国内太阳能干燥器研究现状,提出了应用高效真空太阳能集热管发展太阳能干燥器的思路。     

国内太阳能热利用现状与发展

介绍了国内太阳能热利用技术在各个领域的应用现状,重点介绍了太阳能集热器,太阳房,太阳能干燥,太阳能制冷等技术的发展,同时介绍了相关研究单位的示范项目与实例。     

太阳能热水器集热器安装位置,方向和倾角的确定

描述了太阳能热水器集热器安装位置,方向和倾角的确定方法。     

碟式/斯特林太阳能热发电系统设计Ⅰ--集热器设计计算数学模型

在碟式斯特林太阳能热发电系统没有商业运行以前，无法得到国外已有系统设计方法的情况下，提出了以能量守恒方程和集热器光学特性为基础的设计计算数学模型，并使用估算和核算相结合的方法进行了设计计算。计算结果与现有系统参数吻合良好。     

平板太阳能集热器如何从受冷遇迈向发展

20世纪80年代曾占我国太阳能热水器统治地位的平板太阳能集热器、热水器在近十多年内,已逐渐被全玻璃真空管太阳能热水器替代。市场份额逐年下降,现已降至15%左右。然而同期国外太阳能集热器市场     

太阳能导热油炉系统

本文介绍上海太平洋能源中心研究高温太阳能导热油炉系统,利用槽式太阳能集热器,通过聚焦集热,提高导热油温度,满足工艺要求。本文内容包含系统原理、使用效果。实践证明,该系统可以使企业和社会得益,并可以在有条件的单位推广应用。     

带金属纱网的增强型太阳能红外空气集热器

本文介绍了一种新型的带金属纱网的增强型太阳能红外空气集热器，并对其性能进行了预测。     

Development co-operation and solar energy

The applications of energy in Colombia, India and Upper Volta, for which an improvement in the situation is the most urgent, are described. to a more limited extent these applications have also been investigated with respect to Niger, Pakistan and Senegal. the technical economic possibilities of achieving these improvements by means of solar energy in the period up to 1985 are discussed. Concerning those cases which offer a reasonable chance of the use of solar energy, the investigation then turns to the kind of co-operative programmes between industrialized countries and the developing countries being considered which might contribute to putting these opportunities into practice. This study has revealed the following programmes as offering the best possibilities. 1. Small thermal electric generators powered by concentrated sunlight at an operating temperature of about 300°C, the principal application being the driving of pumps for irrigation in India and Pakistan. 2. Small absorber cooling systems for India and Pakistan. 3. Drinking-water purification for Niger, Pakistan, Senegal and Upper Volta. 4. Battery-charging systems for India and Pakistan. 5. Reforestation for firewood production, close to the major towns of the Sahel countries. Furthermore, much importance is found to attach to the improving of the efficiency of cooking.     

A comprehensive review of solar facades. Opaque solar facades

In antiquity, people already knew the principles of solar architecture, designing their houses to the south to take advantage of the sun in all seasons. Today, solar architecture is undergoing a true revolution because of the development, among other things, of special facades involved in the processes of heating, ventilation, thermal isolation, shading, electricity generation and lighting of homes: these are called “solar facades”. This paper aims to review the remarkable developments that have occurred during the first decade of this century in this field.     

农村能源综合建设的发展对策

农村能源综合建设 ,就是在一定的地区范围内 ,应用大系统的观点 ,把各项能源开发利用技术作为一个有机整体 ,结合当地能源、资金等条件 ,以及社会、经济发展目标和生态环境改善的要求 ,统一规划 ,合理安排 ,综合开发利用当地能源资源 ,有效地利用商品能源 ,建立起多能互补的相互协调的供能和用能体系以及相应的组织、管理及产业服务体系 ,最终取得能源、经济、生态、社会的多种效益和协调发展。1 983年开始 ,我国首先分两批在 6个县开展了以县为单位的农村能源综合建设试点 ,在发展两高一优的农业生产、改善农村生态环境、增加农民收入、提…     

Development of solar total energy system in Japan

To clarify the feasibility of introducing solar total energy system into various factories, an experimental facility was constructed at Tsukuba Second Research Center on March 1982. Long-term experimental studies are presently being continued to determine the operating characteristic of the facility. This facility is constructed to improve the system availability and to collect effectively solar energy under fairly bad weather conditions as experienced in Japan. To accomplish this purpose, it is operated by selecting one of three operating modes according to the intensity of insolation and the thermal condition of the heat storage unit. In this paper, the outline of the facility is described. Experimental results show that in this facility the operating rate increases and useful energy, such as electricity, can be obtained from solar energy if the operating mode is selected according to the weather condition at 8:00 a.m.     

宁夏农村太阳能利用发展思路

一引言宁夏是我国太阳能资源最丰富的地区之一,在国家五级分类中属于一级类区、高热值地区,也是政府主导在农村地区开发利用太阳能资源最早的省(区)之一。宁夏农村太阳能光热利用项目主要为农村生活、生产利用太阳能资源,包括太阳灶、太阳房、太阳能热水器和太阳能对农村沼气集热供热技术。任务主要来源于国家发改委、农业部、教育部和宁夏政府,包括农业部小型公益太阳房项目、农业部太阳灶项目、农业部农村沼     

A comprehensive review of solar facades. Transparent and translucent solar facades

In the first paper of a series of two publications entitled “A comprehensive review of solar facades. Opaque solar facades” an exhaustive review of scientific studies carried out during the last decade on opaque solar facades was proposed. The paper dealt with facades that absorb and reflect the incident solar radiation but cannot transfer directly solar heat gain into the building. This article offers a complementary survey of studies conducted during the same period of time on transparent and translucent solar facades, highlighting the categories of ventilated facades and semi-transparent building-integrated photovoltaic facades.     

Development of an embedded solar tracker for the enhancement of solar energy utilization

An embedded two‐axis solar tracking system using Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench to write the operation and control algorithms was developed for enhancing solar energy utilization. The system consists of a real‐time processor, two motion‐control modules, two step drives, two step motors, feedback devices, and other accessories needed for functional stability. The real‐time processor allows the solar tracker to be used as a stand‐alone, real‐time system that can operate automatically without any external control. The system combines two different solar tracking methods: the optical method and the astronomical method. Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) sensors are employed to continuously generate feedback signals to the controller, ensuring high‐precision solar tracking even under adverse conditions. The CdS sensor is a resistor whose electric resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. A database of solar altitude, azimuth, and sunrise and sunset times is provided by this solar tracking system. Other solar trackers operating in an astronomical method may access and use this database over the Internet. Solar position and sunrise and sunset times in the database were compared with those of the Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory. The differences were found to be negligible. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of CuO selective surfaces for solar energy utilization

The deposition of CuO on aluminium plates has been studied using known methods, in order to obtain selective surfaces for solar energy exploitation. Satisfactory results have been obtained both for the emission coefficient (ε) and the absorption coefficient (α).     

A comprehensive comparative energy and exergy analysis in solar based hydrogen production systems

In the presented paper, energy and exergy analysis is performed for thermochemical hydrogen (H₂) production facility based on solar power. Thermal power used in thermochemical cycles and electricity production is obtained from concentrated solar power systems. In order to investigate the effect of thermochemical cycles on hydrogen production, three different cycles which are low temperature Mg–Cl, H₂SO₄ and UT-3 cycles are compared. Reheat-regenerative Rankine and recompression S–CO₂ Brayton power cycles are considered to supply electricity needed in the Mg–Cl and H₂SO₄ thermochemical cycles. Furthermore, the effects of instant solar radiation and concentration ratio on the system performance are investigated. The integration of S–CO₂ Brayton power cycle instead of reheat-regenerative Rankine enhances the system performance. The maximum exergy efficiency which is obtained in the system with Mg–Cl thermochemical and recompression S–CO₂ Brayton power cycles is 27%. Although the energy and exergy efficiencies decrease with the increase of the solar radiation, they increase with the increase of the concentration ratio. The highest exergy destruction occurred in the solar energy unit.     

Wind energy literature survey no. 9

To keep readers up‐to‐date in the field, each issue of Wind Energy will contain a list of relevant published articles drawn from recent issues of a large number of periodicals including Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, International Journal of Energy Research, Renewable Energy, Energy Sources, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, Electric Power Components and Systems along with a number of periodicals published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), etc. The list is limited exclusively to journals not specifically devoted to wind energy and its applications. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories. Although many papers fit several categories, each paper is listed only once under the category thought most appropriate. Also note that the inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. Compiled by Lars Christian Henriksen, Wind Energy Department, Riso/ National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, PO 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Please e‐mail any suggestions to lars.christian.henriksen@risoe.dk .