头颈部肿瘤患者放射治疗期间营养不良的护理研究

总结了头颈部肿瘤患者放疗期间营养不良的原因,介绍了几种动态评估营养状况的方法,并提出了该类患者的营养支持方法和饮食护理措施,认为应将营养状态的评估和营养支持贯穿于癌症治疗的全过程.     

放射性粒子组织间植入治疗口腔颌面-头颈部腺源性恶性肿瘤近期疗效分析

目的:回顾分析单独应用125Ⅰ放射性粒子组织间植入近距离放疗治疗口腔颌面-头颈部腺源性恶性肿瘤的近期疗效.方法:2001年至2008年北京大学口腔医院颌面外科头颈部腺源性恶性肿瘤患者43人,因全身或局部因素不能进行手术切除,肿瘤部位包括腮腺、舌、上颌、颌下、咽旁、颅底颞下凹和口底.肿瘤直径为2～8 cm.本组患者均采用了单独125Ⅰ放射性粒子组织间植入治疗,粒子活度2.59×107～2.96×107 Bq(0.7～0.8 mCi),周缘匹配剂量为120～160 Gy.术后复查随访,统计有效率、局部控制率和生存率,以及副反应等情况.结果:治疗使29人获得了肿瘤完全消退(完全缓解complete remission,CR),7人消退大于50%(部分缓解partial remission,PR),4人消退小于50%,2人无效,有效率CR+PR为83.7%.术后随访时间为8～48个月,平均21个月,失访1人,局部控制率为79%,总生存率为76.7%,最长无瘤生存已达48个月,未发现严重放疗副反应.结论:对于手术禁忌的患者或无法切除的腺源性肿瘤,放射性粒子组织间植入近距离放疗可以获得较好的近期疗效.     

缺氧诱导因子-1与肿瘤

缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)是调节氧稳态的核心转录因子,在肿瘤的血管形成、能量代谢、侵袭转移等方面起着关键作用.HIF-1活性主要由HIF-1α亚基决定,而后者的DNA结合活性和转录活性又受到严格调控.本文对近年来有关HIF-1在肿瘤发生发展中作用的研究进行综述.     

CO2激光手术治疗寻常疣500例

寻常疣是最常见的病毒性皮肤病.我部自2008～2009年使用CO2激光手术治疗寻常疣500例,疗效确切.现介绍如下.     

颈段髓内肿瘤显微手术的围手术期护理

总结颈段髓内肿瘤的围手术期护理.包括:加强术前、术后护理,保证围手术期呼吸功能的稳定,积极采取针对性的护理措施,预防并发症的发生.认为正确的手术策略和熟练的显微技巧是提高颈段髓内肿瘤的手术成功的基础,科学的围手术期护理是提高手术成功率,减少术后并发症的重要保障.     

1例手术治疗原发性多椎节化脓性椎间盘炎的护理

总结了1例原发性多椎节化脓性椎间盘炎患者经手术治疗的护理,包括术前做好患者体位、疼痛、高热的处理与心理护理,术后除按常规实施一般护理外,着重病情的严密监护、切口的护理、运动功能的观察及并发症的预防和正确的康复训练.认为精心护理手术治疗后原发性多椎节化脓性椎间盘炎患者可以有效地促进其顺利康复.     

湘钢2号高炉倒扣C型冷却壁损坏的应对

针对湘钢2号高炉炉身上部倒扣冷却壁的损坏,采取了一系列的应对措施,主要是高炉操作制度上的调整、降料线喷涂和压入造衬维护.     

对10例阑尾肿瘤治疗的思考

我院自1999年至2007年共收治阑尾肿瘤患者10例,均经手术治疗,为抛砖引玉,现分析讨论如下.     

老年高危病的手术准备、手术治疗及围手术护理

目的:观察普外老年高危病患者手术护理后的情况,总结围手术期的护理技术和经验.方法:从2006年6月-2009年6月在我院普外科住院的病人中选取年龄在60岁以上,病种分别为胃癌,直、结肠癌,肝、胆管结石、肠梗阻、慢性病合并骨折等高危病例130例,对其在手术前后护理情况回顾分析.     

晚期肿瘤患者的康复治疗

目的:探讨晚期肿瘤患者的康复治疗.方法:选择我院2009年3月至2011年6月收治的晚期恶性肿瘤患者124例,随机分为两组,就中西医结合和单纯西医治疗结果进行比较.结果:中西医结合治疗组的Karnofsky 评分、CEA值和体重增加变化明显高于单纯西医治疗组(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论:中西医结合冶疗肿瘤能延缓病情进展,康复过程安全有效,明显提高其生活质量.     

A case report of dumbbell neurogenic tumor of the superior mediastinum

Angiomyolipoma is a benign tumour of the kidney; is most cases is a finding during radiologic studies (ultrasound and CAT) and therefore asymptomatic. Due to their histologic features, these tumours show characteristic ultrasound and CAT patterns. This paper presents one case of angiomyolipoma in a 26-year old female patient who presented with a clinical picture of acute pyelonephritis. The tumour features in both ultrasound and CAT were not the typical ones for this kind of tumour. The surgical piece removed corresponded to an angiomyolipoma with a large granulomatous reaction.     

Video-assisted thoracoscopy in single-stage resection of a para-aortic posterior mediastinal dumbbell tumor

The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) has previously been calculated from epidemiological surveys and from neonatal screening. With the cloning of the CF gene it has become possible to derive incidence figures from heterozygote frequencies, provided that the distribution of mutant alleles among healthy carriers is the same as among affected people. We have estimated the allele frequencies for four CF mutations, AF508, G551D, G542X and R117H, in 14360 unselected women undergoing antenatal heterozygote screening. The proportion of R117H, an allele of known mild effect, was much greater for heterozygotes than for homozygotes. The incidence of CF was therefore calculated from the heterozygote frequencies of AF508, G551D and G542X in a larger cohort of 27 161 successively screened women. The point estimate for the incidence of CF in the Scottish population was 1 in 1984, with 95% confidence intervals of 1 in 1692 to 1 in 2336.     

Synthesis of UDP-N-[1-14C]acetyl D-glucosamine and UDP-N-[1-14C]acetyl-D-galactosamine from [1-14C]acetate

Procedures for the preparation of UDP-N-[1-14C]acetyl-D-glucosamine and UDP-N-[1-14C]acetyl-D-galactosamine with very high specific activities are described. The overall yield based on the amount of [1-14C]acetate used is greater than 80%. The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-alpha-1-phosphate used in this synthesis is prepared by phosphorylation of tetraacetyl-D-N-acetylglucosamine with crystalline phosphoric acid. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-alpha-1-phosphate is then deacetylated in anhydrous hydrazine with hydrazine sulfate as a catalyst. D-glucosamine-alpha-1-phosphate is N-acetylated with [14C]acetate using N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline as the coupling agent. The acetylated product is coverted to the UDP derivative with yeast UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine pyrophosphorylase. UDP-N-[1-14C]acetylgalactosamine is prepared by acetylation of UDP-galactosamine using [1-14C]acetate and N-ethoxy-carbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. UDP-galactosamine is prepared enzymatically using galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. The labeled products, isolated and characterized by ion-exchange and paper chromatography, were active as substrates in glycosyl transferase systems.     

Regulation of cytoskeletal organization in tumor cells by protein phosphatases-1 and -2A

Non-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-C8) become more motile when protein phosphatases (PP-1 and -2A) are inhibited by okadaic acid, attaining the same level of motility as metastatic LLC (LLC-LN7) variants. This stimulation of LLC-C8 motility was tempered when protein kinase A activity was inhibited. We examined whether the okadaic acid-stimulated LLC-C8 motility was associated with alterations in the cytoskeletal organization so that these non-metastatic cells acquire the rounded morphology and diffuse cytoskeletal organization previously described for metastatic LLC-LN7 cells. Non-metastatic LLC-C8 are typically adherent during culture, achieving a spread morphology. Treatment of non-metastatic LLC-C8 cells with okadaic acid resulted in a contraction of most of their extended processes, formation of spikes and membrane blebs within 10 min, and complete cell rounding within 20 min for most of the cells. While the overall level of F-actin was minimally affected by the okadaic acid, its uniform distribution shifted to localization toward the periphery of the rounded cells, often concentrating at a single focus. Immunofluorescent staining for vimentin showed a similar shift to the cell periphery and similar capping. After okadaic acid treatment, the filamentous network of microtubules in non-metastatic LLC-C8 cells disappeared and was replaced with a diffusely staining distribution of beta-tubulin. These results show that PP-1 and -2A maintain cytoskeletal organization and that inhibition of this control reduces cytoskeletal organization and increases tumor cell motility.     

Transoropharyngeal approach to C 1 and C 2

In rare cases of diseases or traumatic lesions of C1 and C2 it is possible to prefer the short way with the transoropharyngeal approach. The operative procedure is described. Specialities are explained in three cases. A metallic osteosynthesis in case of odontoid fracture is seldom indicated.     

Synthesis and biological investigations of 1-(tetrahydropyran-2'-yl)- and 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2'-yl)benzimidazoles and 1/2-(tetrahydropyran-2'-yl)- and 1/2-(tetrahydrofuran-2'-yl)benzotriazoles

Sets of benzimidazole and benzotriazole derivatives bearing on position 1 or 2 a tetrahydrofuranyl or tetrahydropyranyl moieties were prepared through the addition of the suitable benzazoles on 2,3-dihydrofuran and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran. The reactions were carried on either without solvent or in carbon tetrachloride solution. In the last case some peculiar chlorinated side products were isolated and characterized. Twenty compounds were screened for in vitro antitumoral and anti-HIV-1 activities and found poorly active or completely inactive. On the other hand several compounds exhibited good tracheal relaxant activity in vitro; compound 8, 11, 16, 24 and 26 resulted more active than theophylline in this test, while compound 11 was comparable to amrinone till the concentration of 3 micrograms/ml. Finally, compound 5 resulted endowed with a strong diuretic and saluretic activity at the dose of 3 mg/Kg, thus representing a new lead for discovering new diuretic agents.     

Measurement of intrahepatic shunted blood flow by ethanol-1-14C method as compared with D-galactose-1-14C method

The interaction of aflatoxin B1 with a number of biologically important substances has been investigated by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric techniques. The ultra-violet absorption of tryptophan, adenosine, RNA and DNA were altered by the addition of aflatoxin B1. Some amino-acids, purine and pyrimidine derivatives, bovine-serum albumin and DNA quenched the fluorescence of aflatoxin B1. Fluorescence polarization data suggested that the interaction of aflatoxin B1 with bovine-serum albumin was stronger than that with DNA.