Correction to Michael et al. (2011).

Reports an error in "Rebuttal re: "Confirmatory bias and the persistent influence of discredited data in interpreting the stress-cancer link: Commentary on Michael et al. (2009)"" by Yvonne L. Michael, Nichole E. Carlson, Deborah J. Bowen and Cheryl Ritenbaugh (Health Psychology, 2011[May], Vol 30[3], 375-376). The letter was missing the doi. The correct doi is 10.1037/a0022737. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-09497-017.) Responds to the comments by J. C. Coyne and C. Johansen (see record 2011-09497-016) on the current author's original article, "Influence of stressors on breast cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative" (see record 2009-03297-001). Coyne and Johansen (2011) took issue with the study conducted by the current authors' group (Michael et al., 2009), which analyzed the interaction between stressful life events and social support on breast cancer risk among 83,334 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). While the current authors agree with the Coyne and Johansen that too often null results are difficult to publish due to confirmatory bias that privileges results that support an alternative hypothesis, they strongly disagree with the assertion that their group selectively reported findings, inaccurately reported findings, or provided selective and uncritical reference to the existing literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Confirmatory bias and the persistent influence of discredited data in interpreting the stress-cancer link: Commentary on Michael et al. (2009).

Comments on the original article, "Influence of stressors on breast cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative" by Y. L. Michael et al (see record 2009-03297-001). The current authors assert that Michael et al (2009) missed an opportunity for a straightforward reporting of null findings concerning the association between stress and incidence of cancer. They urge greater skepticism toward the claims about a stress-cancer link more generally. Using data from the Women’s Health Initiative, Michael and colleagues suggested an association between stress and the incidence of breast cancer. However, the current authors believe their results and those from other studies failed to confirm that stress is a risk factor of breast cancer. Starting with their abstract and continuing in their discussion, Michael et al selectively and inaccurately reported findings with a strong confirmatory bias, and with further selective and uncritical reference to the existing literature. Moreover, they inadvertently perpetuated the direct and indirect influence of discredited data in the literature purporting to show a stress-cancer link. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Time to let go of the illusion that psychotherapy extends the survival of cancer patients: Reply to Kraemer, Kuchler, and Spiegel (2009).

Replies to comments from Kraemer, Kuchler, and Spiegel (see record 2009-02580-001) on the authors original article Psychotherapy and survival in cancer: The conflict between hope and evidence (see record 2007-06095-001). The authors recently reviewed evidence related to the notion that psychotherapy extends survival in cancer patients (J. C. Coyne, M. Stefanek, & S. C. Palmer, 2007). The authors found that no study to date, including several designed and powered to test this hypothesis, can be reasonably interpreted as evidence that cancer patients live longer as a result of receiving psychotherapy. The authors concluded that the evidence against psychotherapy as a life-prolonging intervention in cancer is sufficiently robust to discontinue funding studies in this area. H. C. Kraemer, T. Kuchler, and D. Spiegel (2009) critiqued the authors' review. The authors respond directly to numerous misrepresentations made by Kraemer et al. More importantly, the authors provide readers with an accurate overview of the main issues being debated and the reasons for their conclusions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Organizational culture and organizational effectiveness: A meta-analytic investigation of the competing values framework's theoretical suppositions.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 96(4) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2011-06260-001). In this article the supplemental materials doi was incorrect. The correct doi is: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021987.supp All versions of this article have been corrected.] We apply Quinn and Rohrbaugh's (1983) competing values framework (CVF) as an organizing taxonomy to meta-analytically test hypotheses about the relationship between 3 culture types and 3 major indices of organizational effectiveness (employee attitudes, operational performance [i.e., innovation and product and service quality], and financial performance). The paper also tests theoretical suppositions undergirding the CVF by investigating the framework's nomological validity and proposed internal structure (i.e., interrelationships among culture types). Results based on data from 84 empirical studies with 94 independent samples indicate that clan, adhocracy, and market cultures are differentially and positively associated with the effectiveness criteria, though not always as hypothesized. The findings provide mixed support for the CVF's nomological validity and fail to support aspects of the CVF's proposed internal structure. We propose an alternative theoretical approach to the CVF and delineate directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use and misuse of the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) guidelines to assess research findings: Comment on Coyne, Stefanek, and Palmer (2007).

Comments on the article titled Psychotherapy and survival in cancer: The conflict between hope and evidence by J. C. Coyne, M. Stefanek, and S. C. Palmer (see record 2007-06095-001).The basic principles underlying randomized clinical trials have been known for more than 50 years. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines, published in 1996 and based on those principles, are a valuable guide to what needs to be reported from any trial within word-limit constraints, but they do not provide guidelines to the decisions that have to be made to generate a trial with credible results. Using these guidelines as do J. C. Coyne, M. Stefanek, and S. C. Palmer (2007) is a misinterpretation of their purpose. Furthermore, Coyne et al. misrepresented the methods and findings of studies of the effects of psychosocial intervention on cancer survival. These errors are systematically reviewed. The results of these questionable analyses led Coyne et al. to recommend stopping research in an area that may be highly productive. Recent developments in the field are summarized. It is a mistaken and dangerous conclusion to declare this or other areas of scientific research off limits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer": Reply.

Replies to comments offered by J. C. Coyne and A. Kagee (see record 2001-05135-009) on the M. H. Antoni et al (see record 2000-14051-003) study on cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention's role in decreasing the prevalence of depression among women being treated for breast cancer. The authors of this article dispute the claim that patients in need cannot access interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interpersonal view of depression: Review and integration.

Reviews the interpersonal models of depression of J. C. Coyne (see PA, Vols 61:1146 and 71:15607), G. L. Klerman et al (1984), and L. B. Feldman (see record 1979-13538-001). A reciprocal model of depression is presented that is based on systems theory, A. Bandura's (see record 1979-08427-001) concept of reciprocal determinism, and a cognitive approach to depression described by A. T. Beck et al (1979). According to the model, depression is reinforced by the reciprocity of cognitions, emotions, and behaviors on the intra- and interpersonal levels. Long-term results of treatment may be expected only when change occurs in depressed persons and their significant others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Letting the baby drown in the bathwater: Fear of facts.

Challenges S. B. Sobel's (see record 1979-09067-001) critique of a previous article (J. McCord; see record 1979-09057-001) that reported the findings from a 5-yr treatment program designed to prevent delinquency. Discussed are Sobel's comments on the failure to analyze for deterioration effects, the finding of deleterious treatment effects, and counseling and relationship models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spatial frequencies as a medium for guiding attention: Comment on Lamb, Yund, and Pond (1999).

M. R. Lamb, E. W. Yund, and H. M. Pond (see record 1999-00903-005) question the author's earlier arguments that attention can be guided by spatial frequencies when searching for a target in complex visual patterns (L. C. Robertson; see record 1996-05632-001). The 2 major findings they report that are used to argue against the author's conclusions are discussed and found inadequate for the purposes of abandoning this hypothesis. Instead, findings reported in the accompanying article in combination with previous findings reported by 2 of the same authors (M. R. Lamb & E. W. Yund, 1996) provide converging evidence to support spatial frequency as a medium for guiding attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gender similarities still rule.

Replies to comments made by Archer (see record 2006-11202-012), Lippa (see record 2006-11202-013), and Davies and Shackelford (see record 2006-11202-014) on the current author's original article (see record 2005-11115-001). The current author addresses the criticisms put forth by each of these commenting authors, and concludes that the best available scientific evidence continues to support the gender similarities hypothesis, that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response to Knittle.

Responds to comments by K. P. Knittle (see record 2009-14439-017) on the authors' original article (see record 2007-06671-001) regarding the effect sizes they presented in their meta-analysis of psychological interventions for arthritis pain management. After conducting a re-analysis and reporting the results, the authors conclude that the findings still support their original conclusions with regard to the fact that psychosocial interventions can produce modest, but significant effects on pain that are within the range reported for other disease-related and chronic pain conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to comments on the child-care debate.

Responds to comments by W. B. Johnson and D. Hayes (see record 1993-41125-001), J. E. Maddux (see record 1993-41129-001), K. McCarthey et al (see record 1993-41130-001), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Network (see record 1993-41132-001), and N. Shpancer (see record 1993-41138-001) on L. B. Silverstein's (see record 1992-05293-001) original article on child care and maternal employment, noting that the comments go a long way toward expanding the child-care debate, if not transforming it. Silverstein focuses on the role of psychology in policymaking and the responsibility of government in the lives of individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PhD recipients in psychology and biology: A comment.

Comments that the article by H. Schuckman (see record 1988-11977-001), reporting no difference in the rate of publication of male and female biology and psychology students in the 4 yrs following receipt of their PhD degrees, parallels the results of E. Goldstein (see record 1979-25912-001), and are in contrast with results reported by J. R. Cole and H. Zuckerman (see record 1988-15525-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rejoinder: The challenges of reconciling family theory with method.

Reply by Carlson and Grotevant regarding comments of their original article (see record 1988-17683-001). We appreciate the thoughtful and relevant comments concerning our review of family rating scales provided by Cowan, Coyne, and Fisher. There are many points in their comments with which we agree and that nicely complement the points of emphasis in our article. There are two key issues about which we would like to provide further comment. The first concerns choosing between rating scales and microanalytic interaction coding schemes. The second concerns the links between family theory and measurement and the implications of theory for the level of analysis at which family processes are examined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Depression and the response of others: A re-evaluation.

Used a methodology similar to that employed by J. C. Coyne (see record 1976-22455-001) to determine whether depressed patients induce negative mood in others and elicit social rejection. 45 female undergraduates conversed for 20 min by telephone with either 15 depressed psychiatric women, 15 nondepressed psychiatric women, or 15 nondepressed women. Depression was assessed by the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Ss were rated on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. It was hypothesized that Ss who spoke with depressed Ss would report more negative mood (as assessed by the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List) and less willingness to interact further with their telephone partner than would Ss who spoke with nondepressed Ss. Results show that Ss were able to detect greater sadness and more problems in depressed Ss, although they themselves were not more depressed or more rejecting if they spoke with a depressed S. Present findings did not confirm those of Coyne. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimal psychological adjustment: Response to Miller's and Bronfenbrenner's discussions.

Evaluates the interpretations and criticisms offered by D. Miller (see record 1971-06296-001) and U. Bronfenbrenner (see record 1971-04219-001) of an earlier article by E. Siegelman, J. Block, J. H. Block, and A. van der Lippe (see record 1971-04232-001). Miller's view that clinical psychologists will not agree among themselves in defining optimal psychological functioning does not appear to be empirically supported. His interpretation of the findings in terms of social class and the bureaucratic-entrepreneurial distinction did not receive support when further analyses of the data were undertaken to test his views. While agreeing with Miller that psychologists should be aware of the social requisites of a culture and subculture in formulating their evaluations of character, it was further argued that the idea of cultural relativism unwittingly could operate to justify pathogenic, growth-limiting cultural arrangements. The Bronfenbrenner critique was judged not helpful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Hartnell, Ou, and Kinicki (2011).

Reports an error in "Organizational culture and organizational effectiveness: A meta-analytic investigation of the competing values framework's theoretical suppositions" by Chad A. Hartnell, Amy Yi Ou and Angelo Kinicki (Journal of Applied Psychology, Advance online publication, January 17, 2011. doi: 10.1037/a0021987). In this article the supplemental materials doi was incorrect. The correct doi is: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021987.supp All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-00494-001.) We apply Quinn and Rohrbaugh's (1983) competing values framework (CVF) as an organizing taxonomy to meta-analytically test hypotheses about the relationship between 3 culture types and 3 major indices of organizational effectiveness (employee attitudes, operational performance [i.e., innovation and product and service quality], and financial performance). The paper also tests theoretical suppositions undergirding the CVF by investigating the framework's nomological validity and proposed internal structure (i.e., interrelationships among culture types). Results based on data from 84 empirical studies with 94 independent samples indicate that clan, adhocracy, and market cultures are differentially and positively associated with the effectiveness criteria, though not always as hypothesized. The findings provide mixed support for the CVF's nomological validity and fail to support aspects of the CVF's proposed internal structure. We propose an alternative theoretical approach to the CVF and delineate directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theoretical claims necessitate basic research: Reply to Gawronski, Lebel, Peters, and Banse (2009) and Nosek and Greenwald (2009).

The authors of this reply article note that B. Gawronski, E. P. LeBel, K. R. Peters, and R. Banse (see record 2009-05290-002) (a) expressed agreement in their comment with the analysis put forward in the target article (J. De Houwer, S. Teige-Mocigemba, A. Spruyt, & A. Moors) (see record 2009-05290-001) and (b) pointed to a further implication for the way in which the implicitness of a measure should be examined. The current authors note that B. A. Nosek and A. G. Greenwald (see record 2009-05290-003), on the other hand, raised questions in their comment about the definition of the concept “implicit” in the target article, arguing for a fundamentally different approach to measurement that emphasizes not theoretical understanding but usefulness for predicting behavior. In this reply, the current authors respond to these comments and argue that when theoretical claims are made about measures, these claims should be backed up with appropriate evidence. In the absence of basic research, measures and their relation to behavior can only be described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)