极固宁治疗牙本质过敏症的临床疗效分析

目的:观察极固宁治疗牙本质过敏症的临床疗效,为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考.方法:选择我院口腔科2009年5月～2010年4月收治的牙本质过敏患者106例(128牙),随机分为对照组54例(64牙),观察组52例(64牙).对照组给予75%氟化钠甘油进行脱敏治疗;观察组患者给予极固宁进行脱敏治疗.观察并比较两组患者即时疗效的差异;随访6个月,观察并比较两组患者长期疗效的差异.结果:对照组即时总有效率为79.69%(51/64),长期总有效率为71.88%(46/64);观察组即时总有效率为93.75%(60/64),长期总有效率为90.62%(58/64).两组患者即时总有效率和长期总有效率比较,差异均有统计学意义(p＜0.05).结论:采用极固宁治疗牙本质过敏症,可以取得良好的即时疗效和长期疗效,值得临床推广应用.     

颌骨牙本质生成性影细胞瘤的复发与恶变

目的:探讨颌骨牙本质生成性影细胞瘤(dentinogenic ghost cell tumor,DGCT)复发和恶变的临床病理特征,为外科临床治疗方案的选择和预后判断提供依据.方法:回顾我院25年来就诊的53例含有影细胞及间充质诱导成分的混合性牙源性肿瘤,总结DGCT复发患者的临床特征、手术方式及预后情况,并对其组织学形态进行观察.结果:53例牙源性肿瘤中,14例为DGCT,其中10例复发,均为男性,平均年龄32.4岁,症状均为骨性膨隆.影像学表现为密度减低影,大部分病例边界不清或侵犯邻近组织,其中7例发生在上颌骨(2例癌变、2例细胞生长活跃),3例发生在下颌骨(1例细胞生长活跃).10例复发患者的首次手术方式均为刮治.结论:颌骨DGCT生长具有局部侵袭性,初次手术处理不当极易复发,多次复发有癌变风险;刮治手术不适宜DGCT;对于边界不清的上颌骨病变,尤其对于活检或冰冻病理报细胞生长活跃的病例,应尽可能扩大手术范围.     

中、低碳铬铁炉渣抗粉化的试验研究

为解决中低碳铬铁炉渣易粉化的问题,在炉渣中加入一定量的硼砂等物质,在精炼炉中进行了多次半工业性实验.实验表明在中低碳铬铁炉渣中加入质量分数为1.5％～2.0％的低品位硼砂,可抑制炉渣的粉化,为炉渣的综合利用提供了一条思路.     

含水率对尾矿抗剪强度影响的试验研究

尾矿含水率的变化对尾矿的抗剪强度有很大的影响,研究它们之间的变化规律对工程实践有着重要意义。该文以云南某铜矿的尾矿为研究对象,在分析其基本物理特性的基础上,通过直剪试验研究了在相同压实度条件下含水率对尾矿抗剪强度特性的影响。其结果表明:尾矿的抗剪强度与初始含水率存在相关关系;当尾矿含水率从6.30%增加到18.31%时尾矿的黏聚力随着含水率的增加而增大,当尾矿含水率从18.31%增加到24.14%时尾矿的黏聚力随着含水率的增加而减小;而在尾矿含水率从6.30%到24.14%变化过程中,内摩擦角总体上先增加后减小,但仅在24.64°~26.24°变化,有明显的峰值。通过回归分析,得出了尾矿黏聚力随着含水率变化的拟合公式。该研究成果对尾矿库的稳定性分析具有重要的指导意义。     

API长圆螺纹套管抗粘结性能的试验研究

通过对国内外大量石油套管螺纹参数的测量和全尺寸的模拟试验，以及对测量和试验数据的理论分析，找出了影响国产套管发生粘扣的原因，并在实际生产中实施验证。采取相应的措施改善了套管的抗粘结性能，同时套管的密封和抗滑脱性能并未下降。     

非饱和黏性土抗剪强度的温度效应试验研究

为了系统地了解温度对黏性土工程性质的影响,本文采用南京地区三种不同矿物成分的黏性土,制成不同含水量和干密度的试样,在5～45℃条件下,开展了抗剪强度试验,获得了三种土的非饱和重塑试样的抗剪强度与温度的关系.试验结果表明:黏性土的黏聚力随温度升高呈线性变化;亲水矿物含量较高的黏性土抗剪强度对温度变化较敏感,黏聚力随着温度的升高而降低,表现为强度的热软化现象;亲水矿物含量较低的黏性土,当含水量较低(w ≤17%)时,表现为强度的热硬化现象,当含水量较高(w≥22%)时,表现为强度的热软化现象,且干密度越高的试样,强度的温度效应越明显.论文还分析了非饱和黏性土抗剪强度的热硬化和热软化的内在机理.     

高频焊管复合板组织和抗下垂性能的试验研究

采用光学显微镜和热处理炉对不同冷轧加工率与不同热处理制度生产的高频焊管复合板开展了组织性能和抗下垂性能的试验研究。结果表明:中间退火工艺和冷轧加工率对复合板的抗下垂性能有很大影响。当冷轧加工率在12%～21.4%,中间退火温度在420～480℃,成品退火温度在230～270℃时,制备的高频焊管复合板经过高温钎焊后可以得到扁长形的大尺寸晶粒,有利于提高其抗下垂性能。     

抗HIC低锰X56级管线钢的试验研究

为开发低锰抗酸性X56级管线钢,研究采用了低碳、低锰以及Nb、V、Ti复合微合金化设计及TMCP轧制。结果表明,低锰X56管线钢达到良好的强度、低温韧性值和优良的抗HIC性能值,适于pH4的酸性环境下服役。     

新型聚合物耐磨涂层材料抗汽蚀性能试验研究

本文对不同改性环氧树脂耐磨涂层材料在汽蚀破坏条件下的磨损状况进行了研究。结果表明,聚氨酯改性环氧互穿网络聚合物耐磨涂层材料相对其他改性环氧涂层,具有更好的抵御汽蚀与磨蚀的联合破坏的能力。     

Guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity

Clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity have been numerous and protocols varied. To date there is little consensus as to the conduct of studies on this poorly-understood yet common and painful dental condition. A committee of interested persons from academia and industry was convened to discuss the subject of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity and a consensus report is presented. A double-blind randomized parallel groups design is recommended, although cross-over designs may be used for the preliminary screening of agents. Subjects may have multiple sites scored. Sample size will be determined by estimating the variability in the study population, the effect to be detected and the power of the statistical test to be used. Subject selection is based on a clinical diagnosis of dentine hypersensitivity, excluding those with conflicting characteristics such as currently-active medical or dental therapy. The vestibular surfaces of incisors, cuspids and bicuspids are preferred as sites to be tested. A range of sensitivity levels should be included. Tactile, cold and evaporative air stimuli should be applied. Negative and benchmark controls should be incorporated. Most trials should last 8 weeks. Sensitivity may be assessed either in terms of the stimulus intensity required to evoke pain or the subjective evaluation of pain produced by a stimulus using a visual analog or other appropriate scale. The subject's overall assessment may be determined by questionnaire. Outcomes should be expressed in terms of clinically significant changes in symptoms. Follow-up evaluation is required to determine the persistence of changes. At least 2 independent trials should be conducted before a product receives approval.     

Dentine hypersensitivity: the effects of brushing desensitizing toothpastes, their solid and liquid phases, and detergents on dentine and acrylic: studies in vitro

Dentine exhibiting symptoms of dentine hypersensitivity has tubules open at the dentine surface and patent to the pulp. The mechanisms whereby dentinal tubules are exposed is ill understood but probably involves a variety of abrasive and/or erosive agents. This study in vitro examined the quantitative and qualitative effects of toothpastes, their solid and liquid phases and detergents on dentine and acrylic. Abrasion of dentine and acrylic were measured by surfometry. Morphological changes to dentine were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Abrasion of dentine and acrylic by toothpastes increased with increasing brushstrokes with marked differences in the extent of abrasion between different pastes. Brushing dentine with water or detergents produced progressive abrasion but which appeared to plateau around 2 microm loss. Water and detergents produced minimal effects on acrylic. At 5000 strokes dentine abrasion by solid phases was less than the parent toothpastes but the ranking order of abrasivity was the same as the parent toothpastes. Loss of dentine produced by liquid phases was minimal and in the order of 1-2 microm. Observationally, all toothpastes removed at least the dentine smear layer to expose many tubules; with one desensitizing product leaving a particulate deposit occluding most tubules. The solid phases of the toothpaste produced identical morphological changes to the parent paste. The liquid phases and detergents all exposed dentinal tubules by 5000 strokes. Water had little or no effect on the dentine smear layer. It is concluded that toothpastes, solid phase, liquid phase and detergents have the potential to abrade or erode dentine to a variable degree and result in tubule exposure. The effects of the liquid phases and detergents appear limited to the removal of the smear layer. Such detrimental effects seen in vitro could have relevance to the aetiology and management of dentine hypersensitivity. Toothpaste formulations which despite exposing tubules have ingredients capable of occluding tubules may be an area of development for such products.     

A split-mouth placebo-controlled study to determine the effect of amorphous calcium phosphate in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity

Many treatments for dentine hypersensitivity are formulated to directly or indirectly occlude the open dentinal tubules associated with the condition. Combining solutions of calcium chloride and potassium phosphate can result in the precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate. Such a system applied to exposed dentine could occlude dentinal tubules and reduce sensitivity. The aims of this study using a placebo control were to assess the therapeutic value of amorphous calcium phosphate in dentine hypersensitivity and provide further information on the apparently natural improvement in the condition frequently observed in clinical trials. 38 subjects with dentine hypersensitivity affecting 1 tooth in each left and right sides of the jaws were recruited into this split mouth, randomised, double-blind study. At baseline, sensitivity was scored by the subjects on a 0-10 visual apologue scale after tactile, cool and cold water and evaporative stimulation of the test teeth. Active and control, water, solutions were then applied by a 2nd clinician. After 24 h, subjects returned for rescoring. On days 7 and 14, subjects were again rescored and the treatments reapplied. Further follow-up appointments for rescoring were on days 21, 28, 56 and 84. Plaque scores also were recorded from test teeth at each visit. Overall sensitivity decreased considerably and to a similar degree in test and control teeth with no consistent significant treatment difference. Plaque scores also decreased through the study period. It is concluded that either the amorphous calcium phosphate was without therapeutic effect or the activity was masked by the placebo response in the control teeth.     

Dentine hypersensitivity: a clinical trial to compare 2 strontium densensitizing toothpastes with a conventional fluoride toothpaste

Sixty-nine patients, aged 63-98 years and admitted at the Geneva Geriatric Hospital, were included in the present retrospective study. They received clomipramine orally, 50 or 75 mg/day. Blood concentrations of clomipramine were measured as part of a routine drug monitoring program. Comparison with a reference population of patients aged < or = 65 years indicated that elderly patients with concomitant somatic diseases reach higher dose-normalized concentrations of clomipramine and increased parent drug to demethylated metabolite ratios, as a consequence of impaired demethylation (approximately 50%) and hydroxylation (approximately 25%). Sixty-five percent of patients showed clinical improvement, with a maximum rate of satisfactory response observed in major depression. Severe side effects, such as symptomatic hypotension or confusion, were seen in 20% of patients. Because of 10- and 15-fold interindividual variations in the concentrations of clomipramine and its metabolite, respectively, therapeutic drug monitoring can provide valuable assistance to clinical judgment in individual dose adjustment for patients whose old age, associated somatic diseases, and comedication necessitate additional precautions.     

A clinical study of Thai patients with spondyloarthropathy

Eighty-eight Thai patients (61 males and 27 females) with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) were studied. Their mean age and mean duration of the disease were 25.97 and 3.34 years respectively. In 16 cases the disease first appeared before the age of 16 or had juvenile onset. Eleven cases were ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 9 were juvenile AS (JAS), 20 were Reiter's syndrome (RS), 4 were juvenile RS, 14 were psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 27 were undifferentiated SpA (uSpA), and 3 were juvenile uSpA. Peripheral arthritis, especially oligoarthritis of the lower extremity joints, was the most common form of arthritis in all groups, except for PsA, where polyarthritis was common. Back pain and bilateral sacroiliitis were commonly seen in JAS and AS. Enthesopathy was not uncommon. Extra-articular manifestations were more common in RS patients. Acute inflammatory eye diseases were seen in 45 per cent of AS and 66 per cent of RS cases. In general, the clinical features of Thai patients with SpA were similar to those reported in other countries in Asia and the west.     

The effects of a potassium citrate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium fluoride mouthrinse on dentine hypersensitivity, plaque and gingivitis. A placebo-controlled study

Home-use studies on dentine hypersensitivity have most commonly involved toothpastes and rarely have mouthrinses been employed. Potassium and/or fluoride toothpastes have been shown effective in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a total formulation, containing potassium citrate, sodium fluoride, cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse compared to the base rinse minus actives in the reduction of dentine hypersensitivity. The study was a randomised placebo controlled, double blind parallel design. At a screening visit, 90 adult subjects were recruited who were suffering from dentine hypersensitivity from at least 1 tooth responding to tactile stimulation (45gm pressure) and had at least 2 teeth responding to evaporative stimulation (air blast). During a washout period of 28 days and throughout the 56-day study period, subjects used a soft filament toothbrush and standard fluoride toothpaste. At baseline (day 1), threshold sensitivities to incremental tactile (10 g to 70 g) and evaporative stimuli were determined. Gingival health was assessed by recording bleeding on probing at 25 g pressure at mesiobuccal and lingual sites. Plaque scores from buccal and lingual surfaces of disclosed teeth were also measured. Subjects then used the prescribed rinse, 10 ml for at least 30 s after brushing 2x per day returning on days 28 and 56 for rescoring of sensitivity, gingivitis and plaque. Data from 88 subjects were used with the intent to treat analyses and 83 in the completely evaluable analyses. Groups were well balanced for demographic data and product returns suggested good compliance. Both groups showed highly significant improvements in tooth sensitivity. The pattern was for greater improvement in the test compared to the control group (statistically significant for the plaque score), whereas bleeding scores, already low, showed no change in either group. By definition, the placebo rinse could not have exerted any therapeutic action; the study therefore provides clear direct evidence as to the magnitude (30%-40%) of the little studied, but assumed, placebo response in dentine hypersensitivity trials.     

A clinical study of persistent hypotension in patients on chronic hemodialysis

In order to clarify the pathogenesis of hypotension seen in the patients on chronic hemodialysis, we studied the vascular reactivity to exogenous vasoactive substances and the change of plasma ANP level during hemodialysis treatment. The vascular responsiveness to intravenously infused norepinephrine was decreased in hemodialysis patients, particularly in hypotensive group, compared with healthy controls (< 0.05). The blood pressure response to angiotensin II was also diminished significantly in hypotensive patients, compared with normotensive patients (p < 0.05). The plasma ANP concentration before and after each hemodialysis treatment was not different statistically between hypotensive and normotensive patients. Furthermore, the change of plasma ANP concentration was not correlated with the blood pressure change during each hemodialysis procedure. These findings suggest that the decrease of vascular responsiveness may be a factor for causing persistent hypotension in patients on chronic hemodialysis, and that the plasma ANP level is not responsible for the pathogenesis of hypotension.     

The effect of toothpaste containing triclosan on oral mucosal desquamation. A model study

SLS-containing toothpaste has previously been shown to cause oral mucosal desquamations when used in an experimental cap splint model. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of toothpastes containing SLS in combination with triclosan on oral mucosal desquamation in a similar cap splint model system. It has previously been shown that the antibacterial agent triclosan also may have anti-inflammatory properties. The concentration of triclosan in the experimental toothpastes was 0.3%, while SLS varied from 1.5% to 3%. No oral mucosal desquamations were observed after use of a 1.5% SLS 0.3% triclosan containing toothpaste, contrary to the positive control toothpaste that contained 1.5% SLS without triclosan. Furthermore, a statistically significant reduction in severe desquamations was observed after use of a toothpaste containing 3% SLS-0.3% triclosan compared with the positive control. It may thus be suggested that triclosan exerts a moderating effect on desquamative reactions caused by SLS and that the effect is dependent on the relative amount of triclosan and SLS in the toothpastes.     

Components of complement in patients with immediate hypersensitivity

BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess the differences between the levels of the main plasma components of complement in allergic subjects and in those with pseudoallergic clinical manifestations. METHODS: Plasma C3 and C4 were evaluated in a total of 256 subjects examined consecutively at the allergology outpatients clinic of the Internal Medicine Division B, University of Turin. Total IgE and C1-inhibitor levels were also determined in 128 and 44 subjects respectively. RESULTS: C3 and C4 levels were not significantly different (p = 0.398 and p = 0.497) in 123 subjects with a positive and 133 with a negative prick test, nor in allergic subjects with respiratory as opposed to skin symptoms (p = 0.293 and p = 0.462), whereas the C-1 inhibitor was significantly lower (p = 0.046) in the respiratory subgroup. Total IgE was positively correlated with the C3 level (p = 0.036) in 75 allergic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that plasma C3 and C4 values are not sufficient to discriminate IgE inflammation (positive prick test) and pseudoallergy (negative prick test) in the assessment of subjects with clinically suspected allergy. The positive correlation between IgE synthesis and C3 also points to an interaction between IgE synthesis and C3 regulation proteins in patients with IgE mediated diseases. Further investigation of other acute phase proteins (C reactive protein, fibrinogen) and the cytokines regulating their synthesis (IL-6) in such patients will help to clarify this correlation.     

A follow-up study for estimating the effectiveness of a cross-gender hormone substitution therapy on transsexual patients

This follow-up study was carried out to validate the effectiveness of cross-gender hormone therapy embedded in a multistep treatment concept for transsexual patients. This therapy described in detail by the authors elsewhere and presented briefly below provides cross-gender hormone substitution to obtain an assimilation of secondary sex characteristics to the desired sex as quickly as possible. Personal and social background data of 46 male-to-female (M-to-F) and 42 female-to-male (F-to-M) patients passing through different stages of the treatment concept were included. In the Endocrinological Outpatient Clinic of the Max-Planck-Institute/Munich the effectiveness of cross-gender hormone replacement therapy as well as frequency and distribution of side effects were examined by follow-up examination of endocrinological parameters. Cross-gender hormones were administered either parenterally or orally. Blood samples were collected routinely after 2 to 6 months depending on the duration of hormone substitution and complication rate. The incidence of hyperprolactinemia in estrogen-treated M-to-F transsexuals lies in the range of studies published before, whereas the number of patients developing galactorrhea is significantly lower in our patients. The incidence of thromboembolic events during the time of cross-gender hormone treatment in our patients is negligible. Changes in hematological parameters are observed under cross-gender hormone therapy. With the cross-gender hormone regimen performed by us it is possible to generate less side effects in the treatment of transsexual patients than described before.