节油点火装置点火及稳燃适应性条件分析

合理使用节油点火装置应对适应性条件进行具体分析,其点火特性主要受煤质条件的限制,其稳燃特性也与常规油枪的稳燃特性有差别。通过深入分析燃煤锅炉的点火、稳燃机理及各种节油点火装置的特点,给出了节油点火装置点火和稳燃的适应性条件,并初步分析了无油电厂建设的条件,为今后的设计工作提供参考。     

稳燃腔燃烧器少油点火的研究与应用

阐述少油点火技术的优势，研究稳燃腔燃烧器少油点火的机理，建立直接点火热平衡方程，找出较接近实际的计算小油枪出力的方法．在无烟煤锅炉上点火应用取得了显著节油效果。     

百叶窗式水平浓淡煤粉燃烧器670t／h无烟煤锅炉上稳燃与节油实践

针对目前电力市场需求不旺,电厂调峰严重的实际情况,综合分析了国产670t/h无烟煤锅炉不能适应电网调峰需要所存在的问题,提出增强锅炉调峰能力,保证低负荷工况稳燃与节油的配套改造方案,阐述了百叶窗式水平浓淡煤粉燃烧器的稳燃机理及燃烧器配套改造前后的运行情况、考核试验和节有效果。图5表5     

百叶窗式水平浓淡煤粉燃烧器在670 t/h 锅炉上稳燃与节油实践

针对目前电力市场需求不旺,电厂调峰任务重的实际情况,综合分析国产６７０ｔ／ｈ无烟煤锅炉不能适应电网调峰需要所存在的问题,提出了增强锅炉调峰能力,保证低负荷工况稳燃与节油的配套改造方案,阐述百叶窗式水平浓淡煤粉燃烧器的稳燃机理及燃烧器配套改造前后的运行情况,考核试验和节能效果。     

煤粉直接点火及偏置稳燃燃烧器在电站锅炉上的应用

为了节约锅炉点火用油及增加锅炉调峰幅度 ,豆坝电厂 3号炉应用了煤粉直接点火及偏置稳燃燃烧器。经半年多时间的运行考验 ,点火用油节油率达 50 % ,锅炉长时间低负荷能力由原 65%降至 50 %。     

百页窗式水平浓淡煤粉燃烧器在670t／h无烟煤锅炉上稳燃与节油实践

由于电力市场的变化,目前火电厂低负荷调峰严重,造成锅炉燃烧不稳,效率下降,燃油量增加等一系列问题,所以提高锅炉的调峰能力和燃烧稳定性,进而提高锅炉效率和节约助燃油已成为节能降耗的当务之急。本文从燃烧器及其配套改造介绍了６７０ｔ／ｈ无烟煤锅稳燃与节油情况,实践证明该改造是成功的,节能效果明显。     

煤粉直接点火及偏置稳燃烧器在电站锅炉上的应用

为了节约锅炉点火用油及增加锅炉调峰幅度,豆坝电厂３号炉应用了煤粉直接点火及偏置稳燃烧烧器。经半年多时间的运行经验,点火用油节油率达５０％,锅炉长时间低负荷能力由原６５％降至５０％。     

煤粉锅炉点火节油探讨

通过调查得出点火喷嘴实际喷油量远高于点火燃烧器供风量相对应的理论喷油量，其差值往往占整个点火用油的50％以上。实验室试验及实际锅炉燃烧现象表现，其差值的极大部分为不完全燃烧损失，因此，节油的巨大潜力在于做好风量与油量的匹配工作。     

小油枪点火及稳燃燃烧器的应用

湖北华电黄石发电股份有限公司209号炉采用了双置式稳燃燃烧器及小油枪点火技术,利用浓淡分离燃烧机制,在115 MW负荷下实现不投油稳定燃烧;同时,采用了小油枪技术,使机组冷态点火用油由改造前的40 t降至20 t。     

Stabilizing switching

A new idea of using switching to enhance the transient stability of a transmission network is outlined conceptually and illustrated by means of a simple example where the technical implications are given. A realistic system is used to show the benefit of stabilizing switching for a long distance transmission scheme. Depending on the type of fault, where the most severe is the three phase short circuit, an increase of the maximum transmissible power of about 10 percent can be achieved by the switching scheme. The additional benefits of this scheme include reduced fault currents and minimized effects of unsuccessful line reclosure. This scheme also provides a possibility for applying other control devices in stability control, e.g. surge arresters, current limiters and MOS controlled thyristors in the future     

A burner for plasma-coal starting of a boiler

Advanced schemes of a plasma-coal burner with single-and two-stage chambers for thermochemical preparation of fuel are described. The factors causing it becoming contaminated with slag during oil-free starting of a boiler are considered, and methods for preventing this phenomenon are pointed out.     

沙角C电厂Aerotip燃烧器优化运行研究

沙角C电厂3号锅炉的燃烧器由美国CE公司的WR型更换为Aerotip型后，炉内四角火焰刷墙严重，通过对周界风和辅助风的配风调整试验，找到了最佳的燃烧工况，使火焰中心缩向炉膛中心，减轻了炉内四角火焰冲刷水冷壁的程度，降低了锅炉结焦的风险。     

大型对冲燃烧褐煤锅炉燃烧器设计

清河电厂600MW超临界燃煤锅炉为哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司2004年采用引进原三井巴布科克能源公司技术设计的首台采用对冲燃烧方式的褐煤锅炉。介绍了锅炉及燃烧器的性能结构特点。     

线性不确定系统的鲁棒稳定控制器

基于Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ稳定性理论,给出了一种鲁棒稳定控制器的设计方法,并将此方法推广到不满足匹配条件的线性不确定系统。     

微油点火燃烧器数值结果精度判断准则与分析

为了提高数值计算精度,必须要有一种判断精度的准则,结合马莲台电厂1号锅炉微油点火燃烧器改造,提出了炉膛内火焰形状相似度对比法。它以数值结果的火焰形状与实际燃烧火焰形状进行对比,计算出二者的相似度,从而量化数值计算结果的精度,该方法已成功应用到微油点火燃烧器改造设计中。根据火焰形状相似度对比法,微油点火燃烧器计算模型选择合理、数值计算精度较高,已能反映出实际点火过程;分析了煤粉与油雾混合气流燃烧、传热的过程,深入掌握了微油点火燃烧器点火时的流场数据和颗粒场数据。     

Development of combined low-emissions burner devices for low-power boilers

Low-power water boilers are widely used for autonomous heat supply in various industries. Firetube and water-tube boilers of domestic and foreign manufacturers are widely represented on the Russian market. However, even Russian boilers are supplied with licensed foreign burner devices, which reduce their competitiveness and complicate operating conditions. A task of developing efficient domestic low-emissions burner devices for low-power boilers is quite acute. A characteristic property of ignition and fuel combustion in such boilers is their flowing in constrained conditions due to small dimensions of combustion chambers and flame tubes. These processes differ significantly from those in open combustion chambers of high-duty power boilers, and they have not been sufficiently studied yet. The goals of this paper are studying the processes of ignition and combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels, heat and mass transfer and NO _x emissions in constrained conditions, and the development of a modern combined low-emissions 2.2 MW burner device that provides efficient fuel combustion. A burner device computer model is developed and numerical studies of its operation on different types of fuel in a working load range from 40 to 100% of the nominal are carried out. The main features of ignition and combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels in constrained conditions of the flame tube at nominal and decreased loads are determined, which differ fundamentally from the similar processes in steam boiler furnaces. The influence of the burner devices design and operating conditions on the fuel underburning and NO _x formation is determined. Based on the results of the design studies, a design of the new combined low-emissions burner device is proposed, which has several advantages over the prototype.     

外燃式微油点火燃烧器机理及应用

针对火电厂煤粉锅炉冷态节油点火、低负荷稳燃、煤种适应性提高、低NOx运行等要求,开发了新型外燃式微油点火燃烧器,点火燃油量在100 kg/h左右,该燃烧器同时作为主燃烧器使用,并具有低负荷稳燃与低NOx功能。5台锅炉的工业应用结果表明,外燃式微油点火燃烧器可实现锅炉冷态点火,煤粉燃尽率在82%以上,可实现不投油自然停炉,NOx下降率为25%左右,结合燃尽风后NOx下降率达55%左右。中心风是该燃烧器的主要调节手段,数值计算表明,调节中心风可以改变燃烧器出口回流区长度,从而调节煤粉着火点位置。     

二次后稳压集成电路

随着科学技术的不断发展,多路输出低电压直流开关电源的应用越来越广泛,传统的多路输出直流稳压电源只是对主输出电压进行控制,而其他各路辅助输出均未加控制,使得开关电源的应用受限。文章介绍了深圳光华源科技有限公司新研发的二次后稳压集成电路,采用DIP-8封装,自适应,电路简洁,无需外驱动,确保各路输出电压均能精确地稳定,可以不“共地“运行,成功地解决了开关电源多路输出控制的一个难题。