球形锌合金锭的生产

三菱材料公司月生产电解锌６６００ｔ。其主产品之一是压铸锌合金。为便于运送及其预热,一些用户需要球形锭。秋田精炼厂于１９７９年开始生产球形锭到目前为止,对包括铸锭机在内的球形锭浇铸技术做了若干改进与更新。除铸锭机本身的几项改进之外,为进行质量控制、几经调研后,最后设计并安装了具有易除劣质锭功能的检测机,目前使用状况良好。这可保证向用户稳定地提供高质量球形锭。     

浅谈圆锭铸造生产工艺及主要设备

介绍了圆锭的生产工艺流程,分析了电磁搅拌装置的工作原理、内导式液压立式半连续铸造机的工作原理、圆锭的铸造原理、顺序结晶法的优点及气滑铸造新技术在生产铝、铝合金圆锭铸造中的广泛应用,为采用大型挤压机生产工业用型材铝合金铸锭（Ф400以上）的生产提供了工艺参数及先进的铸造技术。     

电渣重熔满足大型锻件的要求

 与锭模浇注出低密度、带缩孔铸锭相比,高性能铸锭材料的生产趋于用重熔设备来实现,铸锭的力学性能也会更均匀。水冷铜结晶器中重熔的铸锭具有较高的材料产出量,从而使具有相同最终外形的铸锭其单锭的质量更小,密度更接近于锻造的材料。因此,后续的锻造工艺不需要高锻造比来生产高密度铸锭。在100t以下的铸锭通常可以在固定锭模中生产,并配以外部底加热裝置,以避免可能的铸锭底部开裂;50t以上的铸锭采用高度复杂的拉锭系统配以多电极交换,在短的环形坩埚中重熔技术才是最经济的。大型的带有电极交换技术的电渣重熔炉,为生产超过钢厂中最大单个钢包浇铸质量的大尺寸铸锭提供了可能性。介绍了生产145t重铸锭的炉型设计。对于容易出现开裂的高度复杂的合金,可以通过应用隔热绝缘来生产。     

4032合金(?)630mm铸锭变质工艺研究

4032合金是一种广泛使用的变形铝合金,由于该合金在铸造结晶过程中,易产生粗大的初晶硅和共晶硅,同时,该合金铸锭规格增大,易产生疏松或气孔。因而生产4032合金大圆锭关键是进行变质处理和消除铸锭疏松或气孔缺陷。用Al-Sr中间合金作变质剂,在半连续铸造条件下,生产出用户满意的4032合金棒材用锭。     

锑铸锭机振动原因分析及消除的措施

锑锭表面要求呈现清晰美观的星状花纹,这是锑表面质量合格的标志。然而铸锭机在运行中,由于种种原因引起振动,使锑模中的锑液产生波动,致锑液在逐渐冷凝后表面出现凹凸不平,直接影响表面花纹的形成,即使锑锭的化学成份符合要求,也属废品。因此为提高锑锭产品合格率,必须探讨如何消除锑铸锭机的振动。     

大规格扁锭的铸造工艺

从一九七○年以来有的工厂就已掌握电磁结晶器铸造铸锭的工业化生产工艺。起初是用这一先进方法生产圆锭。后来主要侧重于研究扁锭的铸造工艺,过去扁锭必须铣面,铣面厚度6～7毫米。铸出表面光滑的铸锭就可省去铣面工序,从而获得很大的经济效益。     

铜线锭“一模双锭”浇铸

1972年5月,在批修整风运动的推动下,我车问铜线锭炉的广大职工,克服了重重困难,在未更动铸锭机机械和动力的情况下,由“一模一锭”浇铸改为“一模双锭”浇铸(见附图)。两年来的生产实践表明,“一模双锭”投产后对发展铜线锭生产,提高线锭质量,降低材料消耗具有重要意义。     

液压全自动码锭机

我厂锌熔铸工序过程是在低频感应电炉内熔化锌片,用园盘铸锭机浇铸成标准锭,然后由人工将每块22～25公斤重的锌锭码堆成垛。每班每台铸锭机至少要配备两名码锭工专门从事这项工作,平均每人每班码锭将近20吨,劳动强度大,温度高,而且容易出事故,广大工人对此迫切希望得到解决。     

4032合金φ630mm铸锭变质工艺研究

４０３２合金是一种广泛使用的变形铝合金，由于该合金在铸造结晶过程中，易产生粗大的初晶硅和共晶硅，同时，该合金铸锭规格增大，易产生疏松或气孔，因而生产４０３２合在圆锭关键是进行变质处理和消除铸锭疏松或气孔缺陷，用Ａｌ－Ｓｒ中间合金作变质剂，在半连续铸造条件下，生产出用户满意的４０３２合金棒材用锭。     

电子束冷床炉熔炼大规格N6扁锭

N6是纯镍的一种,纯镍铸锭传统生产工艺为VIM、VIM+VAR。本论文研究了大规格N6扁锭电子束冷床炉熔炼生产工艺,对添加50%和70%比例N6返回炉料生产的N6扁锭质量进行了跟踪验证。结果表明:经单次电子束冷床炉熔炼生产大规格N6扁锭,扁锭杂质元素含量低、化学成分均匀性和表面质量良好,生产的镍板满足GB/T 2054要求。添加50%和70%比例纯镍返回炉料生产的N6扁锭化学成分相近,板材性能相当。真空、熔炼功率、熔炼速度、电子束扫描图形等关键工艺参数匹配合理。熔炼功率控制在1000-1500k W时,金属的挥发损耗率为1.5-2.5%。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.