喷气燃料精制工艺的改造

针对3号喷气燃料颜色安定性及银片腐蚀不合格的问题，石家庄炼油化工股份有限公司对原有非加氢喷气燃料精制工艺流程进行了调整，将脱硫塔移至白土塔后，并采用石油化工科学研究院研制的RA-01型吸附剂取代原有BC复合剂进行脱氮，RB-01型特种吸附剂取代氧化锌脱硫剂进行脱硫，解决了喷气燃料颜色安定性及银片腐蚀问题，并大大延长了白土的使用寿命。     

喷气燃料脱色精制中颗粒白土失活加快的原因分析(Ⅰ)--不同颗粒白土的性质剖析及其对喷气燃料脱色性能的影响

针对大连石化分公司喷气燃料脱色精制中出现的颗粒白土失活快的问题,着重剖析比较了生产中采用的三种不同颗粒白土的结构性质包括比表面积、孔径分布和酸性质等,并用喷气燃料馏分油对比了不同白土的脱色性能,发现不同生产厂的白土自身性质和相应的喷气燃料馏分油的脱色性能差异很大,具有高比表面积、孔体积和最大酸量的A厂白土表现出最好的脱色性能.颗粒白土的本身性质决定脱色性能.不同性质的白土所表现出的不同脱色效果可能是引起颗粒白土脱色不稳定的因素之一.     

浸酸活性炭—白土法精制辽河喷气燃料

长期以来辽河原油生产的喷气燃料一直存在安定性差，储存变色问题。研究发现影响其安定性及颜色的主要原因是喷气燃料中含有的碱性氮化物。在试验基础上，提出了浸酸活性炭－白土联合精制工艺，解决了喷气燃料安定性差及储存变化问题，并形成了工业生产规模。     

洛阳石化总厂解决喷气燃料色度的措施

1999年 4月份以来 ,洛阳石油化工总厂生产的喷气燃料出现色度不稳定现象。经过调查分析 ,主要原因是进厂的中原原油和新疆原油质量下降 ,且进厂原油比例不均 ,原油变重 ,含硫量高。原有的喷气燃料精制装置氧化锌精制效果不好 ,注碱量和注水量较小 ,精制的喷气燃料颜色深 ,达不到规格要求。洛阳石化总厂与石油化工科学研究院合作 ,利用石油化工科学研究院开发的喷气燃料吸附剂 ,对原有的喷气燃料精制装置进行改造 ,将原有的氧化锌罐改为 RA- 1吸附剂罐 ,增建了两个 RB- 1吸附剂罐。改造后的精制效果 ,喷气燃料的色度稳定 ,保持在 30。每…     

用废颗粒白土过滤柴油代替水洗工艺

1前言柴油水洗工艺浪费能源，排出的污水污染环境，水线加热器易结垢，污水含油量高，洗后柴油带水多，易出现乳化，柴油损失严重。在长期实践中不断摸索终于找到了停止水洗的可能性。首先是在精制器电场送电正常的情况下，进行停止水洗生产试验，证实经过两级强电场的分离，基本能保持油品的质量，但电压波动时油品易出现碱性。为实施停止水洗工艺，又不增加精制成本，采用废白土过滤代替水洗工艺是一种简便易行的方法。废颗粒白土是喷气燃料精制废弃物，每年排放200～300t，用废颗粒白土过滤碱洗后柴油进行试验，试验证实废颗粒白土过滤比…     

喷气燃料白土精制后腐蚀的原因及对策

针对长庆炼油化工总厂3号喷气燃料馏分在白土精制后产生银片腐蚀问题,在实验室进行的模拟工业条件的试验结果表明,白土中的痕量单质硫与油中的微量硫醇性硫,在白土的催化作用下反应产生的痕量H2S是导致银片腐蚀的原因。模拟试验还证明,采用石油化工科学研究院研制的RB－01特种吸附剂补充精制,可以解决喷气燃料中H2S产生的银片腐蚀问题。     

浸酸活性炭—白土法精制辽河喷气燃料

长期以来辽河原油生产的喷气燃料一直存在安定性差,储存变色问题。研究发现影响其安定性及颜色的主要原因是喷气燃料中含有的碱性氮化物。在试验基础上,提出了浸酸活性炭-白土联合精制工艺,解决了喷气燃料安定性差及储存变色问题,并形成了工业生产规模。     

影响喷气燃料质量因素分析及精制工艺改进

针对洛阳分公司喷气燃料生产过程中出现的硫醇含量、银片腐蚀、颜色不合格等质量问题,分析了影响喷气燃料质量的因素,对精制工艺采用电化学碱洗精制、聚结吸附一氧化锌精制、RA-1和RB-1特种吸附剂吸附精制以及加氢精制等进行持续改进和操作优化,使喷气燃料的质量达到了GB65537-94的要求。     

低压加氢喷气燃料中残留氮化物的类型及其对喷气燃料色度的影响

针对由于低压加氢精制喷气燃料（LPHJF）中氮化物残留引起的色度不合格问题,对残留氮化物的类型及其对喷气燃料色度的影响进行分析。采用酸萃取方法对低压加氢喷气燃料中残留氮化物进行浓缩分离,同时采用酸性白土对LPHJF进行补充精制并通过索氏抽提法分离并富集酸性白土吸附物;采用FT IR、GC MS对氮浓缩物和白土吸附物进行分析表征;考察了不同化合物对喷气燃料色度的影响。结果表明,选用3%HCl为酸萃取剂,剂/油体积比为1/10时,对氮化物的萃取效果较好;低压加氢喷气燃料残留氮浓缩物主要是喹啉类、吡啶类、苯胺类、异喹啉类和酰胺类化合物,白土吸附物的类型和相对含量与之一致;对喷气燃料色度的影响大小顺序为：喹啉＞吡啶＞苯胺＞异喹啉和酰胺。白土补充精制能够有效脱除吡啶、喹啉、苯胺等残留氮化物,保证喷气燃料产品色度合格。     

喷气燃料脱色精制中颗粒白土失活加快的原因分析(Ⅱ)--喷气燃料馏分中有色成分的剖析及不同性质馏分油对白土脱色的影响

先用硅胶对大连石化分公司3号喷气燃料馏分油中的有色组分进行吸附,然后分别用二氯甲烷和甲醇两种脱附剂对已吸附有色组分的硅胶进行脱附,得到两种含有色组分的两种溶液.应用红外光谱和色-质联用分析法对富集的有色组分进行了分析鉴定.分析了不同时期喷气燃料馏分油的性质及其对颗粒白土吸附脱色性能的影响.结果表明,大连石化分公司3号喷气燃料馏分油中的有色组分主要成分为C8～C14醇类、酮类、苯酚、甲酚和多烷基酚类及一些多聚体化合物.脱硫醇塔前进料馏分油的性质差异很小,而脱硫醇塔后馏分油的性质变化很大,颜色显著加深.脱硫醇塔操作末期温度高而引起喷气燃料馏分中不稳定组分的氧化转化导致颜色变深.颗粒白土脱色处理赛氏色值高的喷气燃料馏分油明显比处理赛氏色值低的喷气燃料馏分油的效果要好.脱硫醇塔操作不当造成油品恶化是导致颗粒白土吸附脱色失活很快的主要原因.控制脱硫醇塔乃至蒸馏系统操作条件(特别是温度),对延长颗粒白土的使用时间至关重要.     

SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CLAY TREATED JET FUELS

The effect of water contamination in jet fuels on the adsorbent capacity of Attapulgite clay to adsorb and retain N compounds was studied. The effluent jet fuel showed the presence of N molecules indicating that the clay, contaminated with water, does not retain N compounds. The GC/MS analysis of spent clay indicated that only quinolines were adsorbed and retained on the clay. The interfacial tension (IFT) values measured at the jet fuel/water interface were found to increase with a decrease in basic N content of clay treated jet fuels. Quinolines and pyridines present in jet fuel are surface active and adsorb on the Attapulgite clay, however, in the presence of water some N molecules adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. Since pyridines were not found on the spent clay, the results indicate that the pyridines adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. The tendency of pyridines to adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface will lead to their poor retention on the clay. The presence of N compounds and water contamination in jet fuel might lead to inefficient operation of clay treaters. The jet fuels having the IFT value below 40 mN/m were found to contain basic N molecules and have poor stability. The clay treated jet fuels having the IFT values in the range of 42.6–46.2 mN/m were found to have a good stability. The use of IFT measurements at the jet fuel/water interface provides an opportunity to better monitor the efficiency of clay treatment and the quality of jet fuels.     

SURFACE ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CLAY TREATED JET FUELS

The effect of water contamination in jet fuels on the adsorbent capacity of Attapulgite clay to adsorb and retain N compounds was studied. The effluent jet fuel showed the presence of N molecules indicating that the clay, contaminated with water, does not retain N compounds. The GC/MS analysis of spent clay indicated that only quinolines were adsorbed and retained on the clay. The interfacial tension (IFT) values measured at the jet fuel/water interface were found to increase with a decrease in basic N content of clay treated jet fuels. Quinolines and pyridines present in jet fuel are surface active and adsorb on the Attapulgite clay, however, in the presence of water some N molecules adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. Since pyridines were not found on the spent clay, the results indicate that the pyridines adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface. The tendency of pyridines to adsorb at the jet fuel/water interface will lead to their poor retention on the clay. The presence of N compounds and water contamination in jet fuel might lead to inefficient operation of clay treaters. The jet fuels having the IFT value below 40 mN/m were found to contain basic N molecules and have poor stability. The clay treated jet fuels having the IFT values in the range of 42.6-46.2 mN/m were found to have a good stability. The use of IFT measurements at the jet fuel/water interface provides an opportunity to better monitor the efficiency of clay treatment and the quality of jet fuels.     

EFFECT OF ATTAPULGITE CLAY ON THE COMPOSITION OF JET FUELS

To identify the chemistry of polar molecules affecting the stability of jet fuels, spent Attapulgite clays collected from the top, middle and the bottom of the clay treater, were analyzed. The GC/MS analysis allowed for the selective desorption of polar organic molecules. At the low temperature range of 50-200°C, the GC/MS analysis showed desorption of C₉-C₁₆ hydrocarbons which are typical jet fuel molecules. At the higher temperature range of 50-400°C, the GC/MS analysis of spent clays showed desorption of water, amines, pyridines, quinolines, thiophenes, sulfides, thiols and alkylbenzenes. At the high temperature range of 50-600°C, the GC/MS analysis showed desorption of water, phenols, pyridines, quinolines, alkylbenzenes and other unidentified N compounds. No desorption of S compounds was observed above 400°C. Desorption of water above 200°C indicated that the water molecules were held inside the crystalline structure of the clay. The Attapulgite clay was found to be effective in adsorbing a wide range of polar molecules from jet fuel. Desorption of pyridines, quinolines and alkylbenzenes below and above 400°C indicated that their chemistry was different and required different energy to desorb from the clay. The high adsorbent capacity clays capable of adsorbing different chemistry polar molecules are required to assure stability of jet fuels.     

EFFECT OF ATTAPULGITE CLAY ON THE COMPOSITION OF JET FUELS

To identify the chemistry of polar molecules affecting the stability of jet fuels, spent Attapulgite clays collected from the top, middle and the bottom of the clay treater, were analyzed. The GC/MS analysis allowed for the selective desorption of polar organic molecules. At the low temperature range of 50–200°C, the GC/MS analysis showed desorption of C₉–C₁₆ hydrocarbons which are typical jet fuel molecules. At the higher temperature range of 50–400°C, the GC/MS analysis of spent clays showed desorption of water, amines, pyridines, quinolines, thiophenes, sulfides, thiols and alkylbenzenes. At the high temperature range of 50–600°C, the GC/MS analysis showed desorption of water, phenols, pyridines, quinolines, alkylbenzenes and other unidentified N compounds. No desorption of S compounds was observed above 400°C. Desorption of water above 200°C indicated that the water molecules were held inside the crystalline structure of the clay. The Attapulgite clay was found to be effective in adsorbing a wide range of polar molecules from jet fuel. Desorption of pyridines, quinolines and alkylbenzenes below and above 400°C indicated that their chemistry was different and required different energy to desorb from the clay. The high adsorbent capacity clays capable of adsorbing different chemistry polar molecules are required to assure stability of jet fuels.     

青海原油生产3号喷气燃料

针对青海原油喷气燃料馏分油氮含量高的特点,提出了白土精制脱氮、络合脱氮和加氢精制三种工艺路线,并进行了工业试验,结果表明:三种方法均可得到符合GB6537-94标准要求的3号喷气燃料。     

EFFECT OF CLAYS AND ADSORBENTS ON THE NITROGEN CONTENT AND THE STABILITY OF JET FUELS

The effect of composition, surface area and pH of different clays and alumina adsorbents on the stability of jet fuel was studied. The stability of jet fuel was tested following the ASTMD 3241 procedure. Under the batch adsorption conditions, clays and adsorbents were not effective in adsorbing polar molecules and improving the stability of jet fuels. Under the column adsorption conditions, the effectiveness of clays and adsorbents in improving the stability of jet fuel was found to vary. Clays having a high surface area and an acidic pH were found to be more effective in adsorbing polar molecules and improving the stability of jet fuel. High surface area alumina adsorbents were found effective in adsorbing basic nitrogen molecules and improving the stability of jet fuel despite having a basic pH. The basic type nitrogen compounds, pyridines and quinolines, were found to affect the stability of jet fuel. The initial effluent jet fuel passed through fresh clays was found to have no N compounds and a good stability. However, the analysis of effluent jet fuel showed a gradual increase in N content reaching the level of N content in untreated jet fuel. The effluent jet fuel reaching 9-10 ppm of N content failed the stability test indicating that clays need to adsorb and retain N compounds. The adsorbent capacity of different clays was studied but no significant difference in retaining N molecules was observed.     

EFFECT OF CLAYS AND ADSORBENTS ON THE NITROGEN CONTENT AND THE STABILITY OF JET FUELS

The effect of composition, surface area and pH of different clays and alumina adsorbents on the stability of jet fuel was studied. The stability of jet fuel was tested following the ASTMD 3241 procedure. Under the batch adsorption conditions, clays and adsorbents were not effective in adsorbing polar molecules and improving the stability of jet fuels. Under the column adsorption conditions, the effectiveness of clays and adsorbents in improving the stability of jet fuel was found to vary. Clays having a high surface area and an acidic pH were found to be more effective in adsorbing polar molecules and improving the stability of jet fuel. High surface area alumina adsorbents were found effective in adsorbing basic nitrogen molecules and improving the stability of jet fuel despite having a basic pH. The basic type nitrogen compounds, pyridines and quinolines, were found to affect the stability of jet fuel. The initial effluent jet fuel passed through fresh clays was found to have no N compounds and a good stability. However, the analysis of effluent jet fuel showed a gradual increase in N content reaching the level of N content in untreated jet fuel. The effluent jet fuel reaching 9–10 ppm of N content failed the stability test indicating that clays need to adsorb and retain N compounds. The adsorbent capacity of different clays was studied but no significant difference in retaining N molecules was observed.