聚烯烃类多功能棚膜透光性能的研究

随着我国设施园艺的发展,塑料薄膜的透光性能非常重要,目前市场对透光性能的需求已经成为用户首选指标.本文论述了影响多功能棚膜高透光性能的主要因素,提出改进透光性能的建议和应该注意的问题.     

吻合器治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ内痔及环状痔的探讨与研究

目的探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)对Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ内痔环状痔的临床应用价值。方法采用美国强生公司生产的痔疮吻合器对103例环状痔患者进行手术,并分析其临床资料。结果患者平均手术时间18min,术后平均住院4d,术后9例肛门疼痛较剧者使用了镇痛剂(其中6例加切了外痔),12例有轻度疼痛,82例无疼痛。随访1～19个月,患者无大便失禁、肛周感染、脓肿及肛门狭窄发生。结论PPH治疗环状痔具有手术时间短、住院时间少、痛苦小、恢复快、疗效显著、并发症少的优势。     

微波消解等离子体发射光谱法测定铁矿石中14种元素的研究

报道用ICP光谱法测定铁矿石中14种指标元素。铁矿石试样在高压密闭容器中微波消解,砷等易挥发元素避免了损失,从而可以被同时测定。优化了微波溶样条件及ICP的工作参数,试验了共存元素影响和基体效应。校准用的标准溶液中加入铁作基体匹配。用该法分析了12个国内外有证标准物质,分析结果与证书值一致,从而验证了方法的准确度和精密度,满足铁矿石日常检验分析的要求。与现行的单元素分析方法相比,该法缩短了分析周期,适合大批量试样的分析,并已用于实际的检验工作中。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

变频式自动真空滤油机在电网中的应用

分析了用于高压电网的变电设备尤其是进口设备的发展趋势 ,列举了二滩电网大溪沟电站变压器真空注油实例 ,以及台湾电力公司真空注油设备的控制系统原理 ,阐述了三级真空、全自动、变频技术在国际上的应用趋势和优点     

油田自动化系统的优化的几种方法

本文对油田生产工艺所采用的自控系统及仪表提出了几种优化的方案.优化的生产工艺过程主要包括转油站、注入站、注水站、井口、污水站等.     

轮胎不圆度检验机传感器的干扰屏蔽

主要从不圆度检验机探头（传感器）的连接电缆的屏蔽线在探头（传感器）信号传递过程中造成的信号的干扰,概述了传感器电缆屏蔽的意义。并从实用的角度出发概述了传感器电缆屏蔽的意义和常用规则,通过一些典型实例介绍了两种电缆屏蔽和屏蔽接地方法,描述传感器信号在传输过程中受信号干扰的应对措施。     

丁辛醇产需分析与生产技术

全面分析了世界丁辛醇生产及需求情况，并系统介绍了国内外丁辛醇生产技术及进展。对今后我国丁辛醇工业发展提出了建议。     

一款运动型轿车轮胎的开发与调校

以国内市场运动型新车型开发需求为例,结合运动型车型定位,确定性能开发优先级,选定标准胎;根据性能的目标要求,从轮胎外轮廓,花纹,施工三方面对该款产品进行针对性设计与开发,开发前期对产品进行了两次有限元分析;后期进行了两次轮胎开发与调校,对样胎进行制动性、操控性,NVH,舒适性的实车评价;第一次调校后的产品性能劣势进行分析,对产品方案进行调整与优化。第二次调校后在达成轮胎与车辆匹配目标性能后,对轮胎设计参数进行固化,开始着手批量生产事宜。     

4,4＇-二氨基二苯醚的合成与应用

本文介绍了4，4＇-二氨基二苯醚（ODA）几种合成方法，并作适当比较，并简要介绍了其在化学工业合成中的应用。     

ACR对PVC加工性能的影响

详细研究了丙烯酸酯类PVC加工助剂———ACR的特性黏度、组成对PVC共混物加工性能的影响。结果表明,随着甲基丙烯酸甲酯用量的下降和丙烯酸丁酯用量的提高,其塑化速度增大,但熔体强度降低,在组成相同的情况下,特性黏度越大,塑化越慢,熔体强度越大;丙烯酸酯类加工助剂对PVC制品的拉伸强度和维卡软化点无明显影响,高黏度的加工助剂有提高PVC制品拉伸强度和维卡软化点的趋势。     

Molecular mechanics modelling of interfacial energy and flexibility on cellulose

Molecular mechanics modelling is used to calculate the energies of interaction, hence the molecular level energy of adhesion at the interface with crystalline cellulose I of three different photopolymerizable primers and of a polyester varnish at the interface with the primer/cellulose assembly. The energy of interactions for just one of the primers with the statistically most common conformation of amorphous cellulose has also been obtained for comparison. Experimental results of adhesion by a standard peel test and by thermomechanical analysis, in which the effect of viscoelastic energy dissipation by crack tip propagation has been respectively minimized or is not present, hence in which the energy of interfacial interaction is nothing else but the work of adhesion, correlated well with the energies of interaction calculated by molecular mechanics. An equation correlating the energy of interaction at each finish/cellulose interface with the deflection derived by thermomechanical analysis, and with the number of internal bond rotational degrees of freedom as well as the degree of networking of the finish, has been derived and is presented. A relationship between the intrinsic fracture energy Go and the molecular mechanics-derived energy of interaction at the interface equating this to the square of the work of adhesion is obtained and is presented.     

Functional properties of proteins in foods

The measurement of functionality of protein food ingredients has developed somewhat haphazardly, probably due to the wide range of proteins used as ingredients and the diversity of foods. Studies of the physiochemical properties of proteins should enable prediction of a proteins response to process environments and prove more fruitful than many of the empirical measurements of functionality. The effects of pH, salt type and concentration on the phase behaviour of the oilseed globulin and arachin, demonstrates the complexity of protein solubility and the inadequacies of simple tests that have arisen. Studies of the effects of salts and conditioning on meat fibres, coupled with measurement of the location of water in pellets from water holding tests enable the latter to be applied with increased confidence. Comparison of the endothermic transitions observed on heating with the development of storage and loss moduli allow the contributions of domains of skeletal muscle myosin to gel structure to be investigated.     

Aggregation pheromone system of adult gregarious desert locust schistocerca gregaria (forskal)

Six electrophysiologically active aromatic compounds, viz., anisole, benzaldehyde, veratrole, guaiacol, phenylacetonitrile, and phenol, were identified in the volatiles of older-adult male desert locust. Young adults and females of all age groups produced none or only trace quantities of these compounds. Comparison of the aggregation responses of young and older adults to the crude, older-adult, volatile extract and different synthetic blends of the six compounds showed that the aggregation pheromone system of the adult gregarious locust consists of phenylacetonitrile, guaiacol, phenol, and benzaldehyde. Like the crude volatile extract of older males, neither the synthetic blend of the six compounds nor the adult pheromone blend evoked any significant aggregation responses from nymphs. These results confirm our previous report of sexual differentiation in the production of adult aggregation pheromone in the desert locust and of the evidence of two distinct aggregation pheromone systems in the two stages of the insect.     

硼酸钙对铜渣中夹杂铜沉降效果的影响

考察了添加剂CaB2O3对转炉铜渣中夹杂铜沉降效果的影响，并结合铜渣的粘度测试及红外光谱表征，研究其影响机理，采用FactSage软件计算了添加剂对铜渣液相线温度的影响。结果表明，随添加剂含量增大，铜渣中夹杂铜的沉降效果逐渐增强，添加剂含量由0增至6wt%时，底部渣含铜量由4.10wt%增至6.85wt%，这是由于添加剂可有效降低铜渣粘度。随添加剂含量增大，渣粘度降低，但降低效果随温度增大而趋于平缓。随添加剂含量增大，铜渣的硅酸盐结构趋于简化，添加剂通过破坏铜渣复杂的硅酸盐结构降低铜渣粘度。铜渣的液相线温度随添加剂含量增大而减小，添加剂通过减少渣中固体颗粒的方式降低铜渣粘度。     

水平及竖直基底上微小固着液滴的蒸发特性分析

为揭示非水平表面上微小蒸发液滴的传热传质特性,本文在准稳态模型的假设下构造三维液滴模型,综合考虑了蒸气扩散、蒸发冷却以及气相域中的自然对流这3种传输机理,对水平以及竖直基底上液滴的蒸发过程进行数值研究。通过分析气液界面上温度分布、蒸发通量分布及总蒸发率的变化,重点探究了基底过热度以及重力的改变对液滴蒸发特性的影响。结果表明：与水平基底上温度的对称分布不同,竖直基底上气液界面温度分布表现出明显的非对称性,且非对称性随基底过热度的升高而增强,最低温度点不再位于液滴顶点,而向一侧偏移。此外,水平基底上气液界面局部蒸发通量呈对称分布,各截面分布相似,而竖直基底上局部蒸发通量分布则呈现出显著的非对称性以及各截面异性,非对称性随着基底过热度的升高而增强,这是重力改变后气相域自然对流发生改变的结果。与水平基底相比,竖直基底上蒸发率更高,总蒸发时间更少。最后,基底由水平变为竖直时,液滴内部流场由对称双涡转变为非对称单涡,单涡流速显著大于双涡流速,液滴内流速随基底过热度的上升而增大,单涡环流造成了气液界面温度分布的改变以及最低温度点的偏移。     

二氧化钛改性α-氧化铝载体对银催化剂催化乙烯环氧化反应性能的影响

为了排除载体孔结构变化对催化性能的影响,研究了二氧化钛改性α-氧化铝载体对银催化剂催化乙烯环氧化反应性能的影响。研究结果表明,二氧化钛表面改性α-氧化铝载体对载体的比表面积、孔结构无明显影响;载体表面改性导致催化活性组分银在载体表面均匀分散,分散状况明显改善;经二氧化钛改性后载体表面与银的相互作用增强;对单负载银催化剂,由改性载体制备的银催化剂的活性和选择性均下降,改性对催化性能明显不利;对于共浸渍法制备的多组分银催化剂,低温焙烧对催化性能不利,而由经1000℃高温焙烧的二氧化钛改性载体制备的银催化剂的催化活性明显提高。研究表明,载体表面等电点降低及其与银的强相互作用是造成催化剂上金属银良好分散的主要原因;此外,银催化剂助剂的存在减弱了二氧化钛改性载体与银之间的强相互作用、抑制了环氧乙烷（EO）深度反应的活性,两者协同作用提升了多组分银催化剂的催化反应性能。     

液相沉淀反应在管式微通道反应器中的流动行为研究

以碳酸钙水相合成为模型反应,借助对流动反应过程的放大观测,从沉淀悬浮液的流变特性分析了液相沉淀反应在毫米级管式微通道中的流动行为特征以及通道堵塞的过程机理。结果表明,碳酸钙-水悬浮体系的黏度在低剪切速率下随固含率的增加而飙升,而反应通道堵塞的本质可归因于在壁面和流动主体区形成了固含率较高的局部高黏区,使流动性严重恶化。提高反应的流速加快了壁面沉积层和沉淀颗粒团聚体的形成,反而加快了堵塞;其中团聚体的形成远快于沉积层的积累,使团聚体的“架桥”虽晚于沉积层出现,却成为管路堵塞的主要因素。基于破坏流动壁面和主体的局部高黏区,设计了两种新型的微通道反应器模型,有可能为解决反应通道堵塞这一难题提供新的思路。     

注流孔结构对中间包流场影响的物理模拟

针对某钢厂十流中间包紊流抑制器注流孔结构不合理引起流场分布差、各流铸坯质量不均的问题,运用相似原理,使用相似比为1:3的物理模型进行水模型实验,设计不同的注流孔结构研究流体在中间包的平均停留时间曲线及流场显示特征,明晰注流孔结构对中间包流场的影响规律,优化紊流抑制器注流孔结构,达到中间包流场优化及浸入式水口各流一致性提高的目标。结果表明,长距离多流中间包在无堰坝结构条件下,紊流抑制器的注流孔内径尺寸、数量及开孔方向对中间包流场都有影响,注流孔内径的影响最为显著,数量次之。设计的最佳注流孔内径由原型的53 mm缩小至30 mm,死区比例由54.05%降至34.69%,F曲线最大标准差由0.0154降低至0.0035,中间包流场得到改善,各流一致性显著提高。当注流孔数量由1个增加至3个,死区比例由34.69%增大至46.05%,F曲线最大标准差由0.0035增大到0.0062,注流孔数目越多,流场死区比例反而越大,各水口流场的一致性越差。对长距离多流中间包,建议主要通过适当改变注流孔内径及减少孔数来改善中间包流场,提高各流一致性。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.