高速电弧喷涂FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层的组织及抗高温氧化性能

使用高速电弧喷涂技术在20钢样品表面制备了FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层,采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法,对FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层的显微组织和抗高温氧化性能进行了研究,并与电弧喷涂FeMnCr/Cr3C2涂层、316L不锈钢涂层和20 钢做了对比试验.研究结果表明:三种涂层增重均明显低于20 钢;FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层氧化增重约为FeMnCr/Cr3C2涂层的1/3,略高于316L不锈钢涂层,FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层氧化后表面生成具有保护性的、致密的含Al氧化膜和Cr与Fe的复合氧化物,阻碍了涂层进一步氧化,但存在不均匀性,原因是电弧喷涂层成分的微观不均匀性和涂层中存在孔隙.     

B_2型Fe_3Al金属间化合物的高温氧化行为

研究了Fe3Al、Fe3Al(Cr))两种合金在600℃、750℃、950℃的静态氧化行为及其750℃的周期氧化行为,分析了相应的氧化膜结构和形貌,探讨了氧化膜的成长机理。结果表明,由于高温下Fe3Al基金属间化合物表面形成一层致密的A12O3氧化膜而具有优良的抗氧化性能。在950℃高温时,具有比1Cr13不锈钢好得多的抗氧化性能。2at%Cr的加入有利于稳定的α-Al2O3的形成。750℃以下,Fe3Al(Cr)合金的氧化增重低于Fe3Al,前者的氧化膜为纯α-Al2O3,而后者的还含有少量的γ-Al2     

高温扩散对0Cr18Ni10Ti热浸镀铝抗高温氧化性能的影响研究

采用熔剂法对0Cr18Ni10Ti热浸镀铝。通过高温热重分析仪对热浸镀铝试样、热浸镀铝经扩散退火处理后的试样及0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢试样900℃×24h短期氧化行为进行了研究,采用EDS、SEM对截面进行了能谱分析及形貌观察,利用XRD对表面进行了物相分析。研究结果表明,热浸镀铝经950℃×2 h高温扩散试样及不锈钢900℃×24 h氧化动力学曲线均符合抛物线规律,热浸镀铝经950℃×2 h高温扩散提高了0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢的抗高温氧化性,Fe Al金属间化合物具有较好的抗高温氧化性能。热浸镀铝未经950℃×2h高温扩散,试样表层富铝层较疏松。     

高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层抗高温腐蚀性能研究

利用高速火焰喷涂方法,选用自主研发的Fe-Al/Cr3C2喷涂粉材,在20钢基体上制备Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层。研究了复合涂层在650℃的抗高温腐蚀性能。采用SEM,XRD,EDS等先进测试手段分析了复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀机理。结果表明：Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层在650℃的抗高温腐蚀性能明显优于基体20钢,并且优于Fe-Al涂层,其腐蚀动力学曲线呈抛物线变化;复合涂层经腐蚀后,内层生成的致密Al2O3及Cr2O3阻止了高温腐蚀的进一步深入。现场应用表明,Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层具有广泛的应用前景。     

FeAlMoCrC和FeAlNiMoCrC涂层在700℃氧化行为研究

采用高速电弧喷涂技术,将2种自主研发的丝材喷射到45钢表面制备出FeAlMoCrC和FeAlNiMoCrC涂层,分析两种涂层的组织结构,研究两种涂层和基体在700℃下的循环氧化行为。结果表明：FeAlMoCrC涂层主要由FeAl、FeCr和Fe2AlV三种金属间化合物和Al2O3、Fe3O4两种氧化物组成;FeAlNiMoCrC涂层主要由AlNi、AlCr2、FeNi3、Fe8Cr四种金属间化合物和Al2O3、Cr2O3和Fe3O4三种氧化物组成。计算涂层的孔隙率,发现涂层内部孔隙率较低,均在10%以内。对所绘制的氧化增重曲线进行拟合分析后发现,FeAlNiMoCrC涂层的氧化速率常数较小,氧化指数大,氧化速率慢,抗氧化性能良好。结合物相和组织分析,可以认为涂层中低的孔隙率和氧化产物中生成连续且致密的Al2O3、Cr2O3、Fe3O4等氧化膜,是抗高温氧化性能提高的主要原因。     

奥氏体耐热不锈钢310S的抗高温氧化性能研究

采用增重法研究了奥氏体耐热不锈钢310S在700、900和1 000℃空气中高温氧化动力学,并结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等手段,对氧化膜的形貌和组成进行了分析.结果发现,700℃时氧化速率比较稳定且氧化增重较小,其余温度下氧化增重较大且遵循抛物线规律.该钢中Cr在高温时容易形成FeO·Cr2O3、FeO·Fe2O3和尖晶石结构(FeCr2O4,NiCr2O4)等保护性氧化膜,是310S钢具有良好的抗高温氧化性能的重要原因.     

温度对高速电弧喷涂FeNiBSi/Cr_3C_2复合涂层热腐蚀性能的影响

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备出Fe Ni BSi/Cr3C2复合涂层.采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析涂层的显微结构,以及X射线衍射分析涂层相组成.试验选用摩尔比为7∶3的Na2SO4+K2SO4饱和水溶液为腐蚀介质涂刷于试样表面,并以20G钢作对比材料,在550~750℃下研究了涂层的抗热腐蚀性能.结果表明,涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,致密且连续.涂层的抗热腐蚀性能明显优于20G钢.在550和650℃下涂层表面形成了致密的氧化膜(Fe2O3,Cr2O3和Fe Cr2O4)阻碍了熔盐的侵入,提高了涂层抗热腐蚀性能.在750℃下涂层氧化膜变得不完整,不能有效地阻隔熔盐,此时涂层的抗热腐蚀性能较差.     

奥氏体不锈钢热浸镀铝层的抗氧化特性

为进一步提高奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的高温使用性能,对该钢进行了热浸镀铝处理和抗高温氧化性能的试验.试验结果表明:经热浸镀铝处理后,奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的抗高温氧化性能明显得到改善,其热浸镀铝层的抗高温氧化行为符合抛物线规律.1 000℃抗氧化试验表明:在高温氧化过程中,表层Al2O3氧化膜及扩散层中的金属间化合物FeAl相和β-NiAl相起到抗氧化作用.     

一种含铝奥氏体不锈钢的高温氧化行为

采用称量法研究了新型Cr21Ni35NbAl合金分别在700 ℃、800 ℃和900 ℃空气中的静态氧化行为,并绘制其高温氧化动力学质量增加曲线。结合X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱分析（EDS）对高温氧化膜层的形貌及结构进行表征。结果表明：新合金的高温氧化动力学质量增加曲线遵循抛物线规律,700 ℃氧化膜主要为(Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3和少量Al2O3;800 ℃氧化膜较为复杂,主要为Al2O3、(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3和少量Fe(Cr, Al)2O4;900 ℃时氧化膜主要为Al2O3和少量(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3。     

奥氏体耐热不锈钢310S的抗高温氧化性能研究

采用增重法研究了奥氏体耐热不锈钢310S在700、900和1000℃空气中高温氧化动力学,并结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等手段,对氧化膜的形貌和组成进行了分析。结果发现,700℃时氧化速率比较稳定且氧化增重较小,其余温度下氧化增重较大且遵循抛物线规律。该钢中Cr在高温时容易形成FeO·Cr2O3、FeO·Fe2O3和尖晶石结构(FeCr2O4,NiCr2O4)等保护性氧化膜,是310S钢具有良好的抗高温氧化性能的重要原因。     

Al0.5Nb1.5TiV2Zr0.5 难熔高熵合金组织和力学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼制备了Al_0.5Nb_1.5TiV₂Zr_0.5高熵合金,并研究了其微观组织、密度及力学性能。结果表明,Al_0.5Nb_1.5TiV₂Zr_0.5合金由为90.6%(体积分数)的体心立方相和9.4%(体积分数)的C14-Laves第二相组成。合金基体相富含Ti和V,第二相富含Al和Zr。合金的密度为6284 kg/m3,维氏硬度为5197.9 MPa。合金的屈服强度随温度升高而降低,由室温下1082.9 MPa降低到1073 K下的645.0MPa。压缩应变由室温下的27.20%降低到873 K下的14.94%,这与合金中原子间的相互作用力随温度升高而降低有关。在1073 K时合金应变超过50%,表现出良好的塑性而未发生断裂。压缩测试结果表明,合金韧脆转变温度在873～1073 K之间。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PROTON CONDUCTOR Ba3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9-δ

对经6与10 h球磨的BaCO₃, CaCO₃和Nb₂O₅的混合粉体进行冷压成型, 1400 ℃/10 h高温烧结后, 获得了不同致密度的Ba₃Ca_1.18Nb_1.82O_9-δ样品. 激光粒度、DSC--TG和SEM分析表明, 适度延长球磨时间, 可降低合成温度, 细化粉体粒度, 提高样品的致密度. 电化学阻抗谱测试表明, 在300---800 ℃温度范围内, 6和10 h球磨粉体制备的烧结样品总电导率与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程, 电导激活能分别为0.84和0.68 eV. 提高样品的致密度是降低电导激活能、提高中低温(300---600 ℃)导电性能的有效途径.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

固相-水热法制备LiFePO4-Li3V2（PO4）3复合材料及其电化学性能（英文）

分别采用固相-水热法和球磨法制备磷酸亚铁锂-磷酸钒锂复合正极材料(LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3)。电化学性能测试表明,LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合正极材料的电化学性能远远高于 LiFePO4和 Li3V2(PO4)3单独作为正极材料的性能,并且以固相-水热法制备的复合材料性能优于以球磨法制得的复合材料。研究发现 LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合材料有 4 个氧化还原峰,相当于 LiFePO4 和 Li3V2(PO4)3 氧化还原峰的叠加。采用固相-水热法制备的LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 复合材料形貌较为规则,且有新相物质产生,这是导致其电化学性能较好的原因。