汽车碰撞事故判断与新型碰撞吸能装置控制系统研究

通过实车试验研究发现,紧急制动时车辆加速度信号与其他工况有明显区别,可利用车辆的加速度信号识别驾驶员的紧急制动行为以预测碰撞事故。因此,基于制动加速度和移动窗积分算法,研制了一种可用于主被动结合新型碰撞缓冲吸能装置的自动控制系统。实车试验表明,该系统能够有效识别驾驶员的紧急制动行为并预测碰撞事故,能向主被动结合新型碰撞缓冲吸能装置发出正确的触发指令,且工作稳定。     

有双端缓冲装置的船用液压升降机动态特性仿真研究

本文建立了有双端缓冲装置的船用液压升降机及其液压系统的模型.并借助AMESim仿真工具对该液压升降机及缓冲装置的动态特性进行了仿真,得出了在给定参数下的活塞速度、加速度、缓冲压力等曲线,并采用台架试验的方式对仿真结果进行验证分析和比较,验证了该仿真模型的有效性.     

高速公路弯道缓冲护栏装置设计研究

针对现有《公路安全设施设计细则》的传统护栏缺失对高速公路弯道护栏的设计细则问题,对车—护栏系统在急弯路段、高速、大角度发生碰撞的防护性能进行了研究,采用有限元仿真的方法(基于Pro-E建模、Hyper-Mesh前处理、LS-DYNA仿真),模拟小车以速度分别为80 km/h、100 km/h,碰撞角度为25°碰撞A级传统波形梁护栏,提出了从车辆行驶轨迹、车辆质心加速度、系统能量以及车辆损伤形态4个方面来系统研究护栏在碰撞中的阻挡、缓冲及导向作用,并设计了一种新型柔性缓冲防护栏结构。仿真结果表明:A级传统波形护栏与立柱的夹角小于60°,且最大瞬时减速度大于20g,不能满足法规规定的碰撞防护要求;而新型柔性缓冲护栏能利用防撞圈来缓冲碰撞过程,并且其最大的变形仅为传统护栏的14%,动能转化为内能的比率下降40%,能引导车辆以一定车速回到原车道,防止二次事故。     

某气动不平衡式发射装置性能影响因素研究

建立了某气动不平衡式发射装置的数学模型,并通过MATLAB/Simulink进行模型仿真,将仿真结果与假海调试实测数据进行了对比、验证,结果表明仿真结果真实、可信。为此,借助该仿真模型,定量地研究了发射阀缓冲器滑阀与缓冲活塞配合间隙、相对装配位置关系等关键因素,对对抗器材发射过程加速度和出管速度的影响及指导生产制造和调试试验具有重要的实际工程意义。     

欠驱动三刚体仿袋鼠跳跃机器人落地冲击分析

根据袋鼠的生物结构特性,建立了液压驱动的欠驱动仿袋鼠跳跃机器人三刚体模型.利用拉格朗日方法建立了机器人在着地阶段的动力学方程及主、被动关节动力学耦合方程,利用Maple 15进行符号计算得出耦合因子.结合实例,应用Matlab7.0分别对碰撞力、地面的反作用力、系统动能、及总质心在y方向上的位移变化进行了计算和仿真;并与全驱动的仿袋鼠跳跃机器人刚性模型进行了对比分析.还通过跳跃机器人两种模型的跳跃模拟对比实验,用加速度传感器测得落地冲击时质心加速度曲线.结果表明:弹性元件的引入有效地起到了缓冲的作用,减轻了着地时机器人与地面的振动和冲击,提高了跳跃机器人的落地稳定性,节省了系统损耗的能量.     

汽车碰撞冲击脉冲波形数学建模

对汽车碰撞过程中,加速度冲击脉冲问题进行了研究。为解决汽车碰撞中冲击能量和复杂冲击加速度曲线难以表达的问题,文章通过对汽车碰撞冲击脉冲的时域与频域分析,提出一种构造复杂冲击加速度曲线的方法,建立了相关数学模型,并给出了构造生成的加速度冲击脉冲与实际碰撞加速度冲击脉冲波形精度评估公式。经实验证明:该方法能够从能量的角度来分析冲击加速度时域与频域上的参数,对比碰撞的冲击能量大小,便于仿真分析,也能够评价碰撞的冲击过程与特征。该方法为汽车实际碰撞的冲击加速度曲线的产生与控制,以及汽车碰撞有限元仿真分析提供了很好参考价值。     

液压振动破碎锤缓冲机构的自适应控制的研究

在分析国内外液压推动破碎锤缓冲机构的基础上，提出一种新型自适应缓冲机构的工作原理，并建立了液压冲击器缓冲机构的振动力学模型，提出了实现液压振动破碎锤缓冲机构自适应控制的微机控制系统。建立了缓冲机构阻尼微机控制系统的Simulink仿真模型，运用可视化的仿真软件Simulink对该系统的动态响应特性进行了仿真分析，论证了缓冲机构的微机控制系统能够根据加速度传感器的采样调节系统的阻尼，实时地控制主机的振动状态，为智能型液压振动破碎锤研究与开发提供了理论依据。     

可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的试验与仿真研究

介绍了可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的工作原理。针对某量产车型的前部结构设计制造了该碰撞缓冲吸能装置的样件,完成了样车的结构和控制系统的改装。建立了吸能装置的有限元模型,研究了其在正面碰撞时的响应特性。同时,采用台车碰撞试验的方法,研究了该装置在伸出及缩回状态下的高低速碰撞性能。仿真和试验研究结果表明,该碰撞缓冲吸能装置在伸出状态下能有效增加车辆的碰撞缓冲吸能空间,从而改善碰撞吸能过程,更好地保护车内乘员。在缩回状态下,该装置不会对原车型造成不利影响。     

桥墩柔性防撞装置设计及数值分析

针对国内外对于车—桥碰撞的研究较少,而且大多属于对桥墩防撞的研究,对车和乘员保护的研究更少的问题,在我国自主研发的船—桥碰撞柔性吸能防撞装置的基础上,对公路高架桥墩柔性防撞装置进行了设计研究。采用有限元仿真的方法(基于Pro-E建模、Hyper-Mesh前处理、LS-DYNA仿真计算)模拟了小车以速度为80 km/h,碰撞角度为90°正面高速碰撞城市高架桥墩以及模拟了小车以速度为60 km/h,碰撞角度为20°碰撞带有防撞装置的城市高架桥墩。提出了从车辆行驶轨迹、车辆B柱加速度、系统能量以及碰撞表面的撞击力4个方面来系统研究防撞装置在碰撞中的吸能、缓冲及导向作用,并设计了一种新型桥墩柔性防撞装置。仿真结果表明:设置防撞装置后,高速正面碰撞时撞击力由1 700 k N减小到1 000 k N,满足《公路桥涵设计通用规范》的要求,验证了该装置对桥墩和乘员的保护能力。低速偏置碰撞时防撞装置能引导车辆以一定车速回到原车道,验证了该装置对车的保护作用。     

往复式分级筛的仿真与分析研究

运用Pro/E软件对往复式分级筛(以下简称分极筛)进行三维实体建模,并对其进行简化,在此基础上画出其运动简图,建立相关的数学模型及筛箱的运动方程,再运用Pro/E的Mechanism模块,对分级筛进行运动仿真分析,得到其筛箱的位移、速度和加速度变化规律及曲线图。根据Pro/E软件运动仿真的结果,提取筛箱2个止点处的加速度,将其以惯性力的形式添加到分级筛模型中,对筛箱进行静力分析,为筛箱的优化做准备。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.