计算机数值模拟技术在大型锻件淬火过程中的应用

大型锻件淬火过程中，温度场和组织场分布及其变化极不均匀，因此产生较大的瞬时应力和残余应力，进而使工件产生较大的变形甚至开裂，造成巨大的经济损失。开展大锻件淬火过程中温度场、组织场及应力场的研究，弄清它们与淬火工艺的关系，从而合理地制定淬火工艺，对提高大锻件热处理后的性能及减少废品有很大帮助。淬火过程计算机数值模拟技术利用数值分析技术、可视化技术，基于传热学、力学及金属相变等理论进行淬火温度场、组织场和应力场的模拟仿真。     

PAG淬火介质在合金结构钢前轴余热淬火中的应用

淬火介质对保证淬火工艺实施有重要作用。采用水或油作为淬火介质,均存在一定缺陷,不能满足合金结构钢前轴锻件热处理的需要。通过分析理想淬火介质的冷却曲线,发现一种新型PAG淬火介质的冷却特性可以满足要求。介绍了这种新型淬火介质的冷却原理、使用条件及技术要点。并结合实践,介绍了该介质在合金结构钢前轴锻件(42CrMo材质中重型前轴,120~140kg)热处理生产过程中的使用情况。     

带有缺陷的大型轴类锻件热处理过程中的计算机辅助安全评估

用计算机计算大型轴类锻钢件在热处理过程中的温度场、应力场,并根据超声波探伤检测出的大型锻件的冶金缺陷,运用断裂力学的方法对锻件在热处理过程中的开裂行为进行预测,针对材料在不同热处理状态下相态及性能的不同,测定了两种钢(70Cr3Mo 和26Cr2Ni4MoV)淬火过程和回火过程中的断裂韧度。本方法曾试用于大型锻钢支承辊喷雾淬火热处理并得到了验证。     

42CrMoA风电主轴热处理工艺

正风电主轴为大型锻件,热处理工艺为调质,工件淬火出炉后采用不同的淬火冷却介质及淬火冷却时间来满足生产使用要求。淬火是热处理工艺中的重要工序,为保证大型锻件足够深的淬硬层来满足轴向性能及切向性能,整个工件截面必须有合理的温度梯度分布,也可减小淬火过程中的应力。42CrMoA风电主轴的热处理工艺有很多可参考,但是并不是照搬就可以满足所有产品的性能要求,为此我们再一次对其进行了分析和研究,通过不断调整参     

大型曲臂锻件模锻成形工艺模拟研究

针对大型曲臂锻件的结构特点和性能要求,提出采用了预锻-终锻两步成形方法模锻成形大型曲臂锻件。采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件对此工艺方法的成形过程进行模拟,并对应力、应变、温度场的分布特点和时间-载荷曲线进行分析。结果表明,采用此方法能够在8万吨水压机上饱满成形大型曲臂锻件,得到金属流动合理、锻造流线完整的锻件。     

超大锻件淬火冷却模式数值分析

根据大容器饱和水沸腾传热机理,结合工件淬火冷却过程的淬冷沸腾传热特征,分析喷水、浸水循环搅拌、浸水静止三种模式下水冷淬火表面的传热系数.通过建立数学模型,对三种模式下核电筒节类大锻件(16MnD)的淬火冷却过程进行数值分析,得到工件温度的分布特征.分析结果表明,在淬冷沸腾阶段由于传热系数较高,在喷水、浸水循环搅拌、浸水...     

淬火中喷雾冷却效果的数值模拟分析

通过对大型锻件淬火冷却中常用淬火介质的对比分析,探讨不同淬火介质的优缺点。针对中国一重生产的大型锻件,利用MATLAB编制的程序模拟锻件在淬火过程中经过喷雾冷却后的温度场变化,将喷雾冷却的计算结果与油冷和水冷的试验数据对比,以验证数值模型的有效性及模拟结果的准确性,分析喷雾时间和水流密度对喷雾冷却过程的影响。     

基于分段冷压法7050大型铝合金锻件残余应力的消减

采用分段冷压法对7050大型铝合金锻件的淬火残余应力进行消减,通过Deform-3D有限元软件模拟了分段冷压前后锻件残余应力的大小和分布,并采用盲孔法对分段冷压前后锻件的残余应力进行测试。结果表明:分段冷压使铝合金锻件的残余应力得到大幅度消减,实测得到的残余应力均小于130 MPa,消减幅度达到70.3%~97.4%,且非搭接区域残余应力的消减效果比搭接区域的好,模拟结果与测试结果相吻合。     

筒形锻件在立式车床加工中的定心方法

介绍筒形锻件的余量检测方法,并结合大量的生产实践经验,以矢量分析做为理论依据,采用AutoCAD辅助软件,对筒形锻件在立式车床加工时的定心规律进行分析,总结出一套准确实用的定心方法。该方法能够广泛地应用到各种筒形锻件的加工准备工序中,能够有效保证筒形锻件在加工内、外圆周前加工余量的分布处于最佳状态,为后序生产加工提供有力保障。     

车桥桥壳锻造成形过程的数值模拟分析

针对车桥桥壳精锻成形难度大的问题,利用DEFORM-3D软件对桥壳的锻造成形过程进行模拟仿真分析。讨论了锻件坯料尺寸形状对其成形性的影响,分析了成形过程中等效应力、应变分布以及载荷行程曲线,研究了锻件形状对金属材料流动规律的影响,利用研究结果优化模具结构及工艺参数,并在实际生产中验证了工艺方案的正确性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.