40Cr钢磨削淬火层组织及其形成机理

采用棕刚玉砂轮在MMD7125型精密平面磨床上对40Cr钢进行了磨削淬火试验,研究了淬硬层组织及形成机理。结果表明:采用适当的磨削参数可满足该钢所要求的淬火温度,进而获得适宜的淬硬层显微硬度和强化层深度;磨削淬火层由完全硬化区和过渡区组成;完全硬化区主要由细小针状马氏体组成,从表面到里层,组织形貌呈现“细→粗→细“的变化规律,其形成机理是热-力耦合作用影响磨削淬火过程中的奥氏体晶粒大小及其位错密度,并将直接影响转变后的马氏体组织形貌。     

液氮冷却磨削淬火后42CrMo钢的组织与硬度

用液氮作为冷却液对调质态42CrMo钢进行磨削淬火试验,之后对试验钢进行空冷和深冷处理,研究了淬硬层的组织、硬度和表面粗糙度,并将其组织与乳化液冷却磨削淬火试验钢的淬硬层组织进行对比。结果表明:与乳化液冷却磨削淬火相比,液氮冷却磨削淬火后,淬硬层中的马氏体更加细小;深冷处理后,淬硬层中的的马氏体和碳化物增多;随着磨削深度增加,液氮冷却磨削淬火试验钢淬硬层的厚度、峰值显微硬度和表面粗糙度均增大。     

非淬硬钢磨削表面硬化层的试验研究

在平面磨床上对非淬硬钢进行了磨削硬化处理,研究了磨削方式和冷却条件对表面硬化层的影响。结果表明:硬化层完全硬化区均由细小的孪晶马氏体和板条马氏体组成,且硬化层的组织形貌及显微硬度无显著变化,但硬化层略粗马氏体相的出现位置有所差异;在磨削用量恒定时,顺磨硬化层的深度以及最大残余压应力均大于逆磨硬化层;在磨削功率恒定时,采用逆磨方式可以获得更深的硬化层;与干磨相比,湿磨硬化层表面残余压应力有所提高,但其硬化层深度减少了约30%。     

磨削用量对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层的影响

以平面磨削淬硬试验为基础，研究了磨削用量对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层组织与性能的影响。结果表明，在磨削淬硬加工中的热、力耦合作用下，磨削用量对磨削淬硬层的马氏体组织形貌及其高硬度区硬度值无显著影响，其高硬度值均在HV630～HV680之间。随着磨削速度的提高、磨削深度的增加或工件进给速度的降低，磨削淬硬层表面残余压应力值相应减小，但淬硬层深度以及应力作用深度相应增加。     

45钢等离子表面硬化后的组织及性能分析

利用常压等离子相变硬化设备对45钢进行了表面相变硬化处理,分析了处理后45钢的显微组织和硬度特征.结果表明,处理后淬硬层的显微组织为隐针马氏体 屈氏体 铁素体,熔凝硬化层的组织为马氏体 网状索氏体 铁素体.45钢的表面硬度最高达到了HV805,比一般淬火硬度高出100以上.     

基于磨削加工的表面形变淬火工艺--磨削淬硬

磨削淬硬是利用未淬硬钢零件磨削加工中产生的热—机械复合作用直接对其进行表面形变淬火的新工艺。研究表明 ,该工艺可使淬硬层获得超细化马氏体和压缩残余应力 ,同时可显著改善零件的摩擦磨损和疲劳性能 ,在生产应用中具有显著的经济和社会效益。     

感应淬火工艺参数对GCr15钢淬硬层的影响

针对轧辊表面淬硬层深度大、表层具有细小马氏体组织的要求,采用数控淬火机床、显微镜、硬度仪等研究了感应淬火工艺参数对GCr15钢表面淬硬层的影响。结果表明:对淬硬层组织和性能影响较大的是加热功速比,而冷却水流量的影响不大;随着加热功速比的增大,淬硬层深度增加,但奥氏体晶粒和马氏体尺寸随之增大;试样截面的硬度曲线总体呈梯度下降分布,在离表面3 mm处存在一个峰值;预热功速比也是调整淬硬层深度的一个参考因素,增大预热功速比,淬硬层深度也会相应增大。     

T10钢宽带激光相变硬化的组织与性能研究

采用宽带激光相变硬化工艺对T10钢表面进行了改性处理 ,并对改性后的组织与性能进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,硬化区组织为针状马氏体 +少量残余奥氏体。热影响区组织为少量针状马氏体 +珠光体 +网状渗碳体。基材组织为珠光体+网状渗碳体。淬硬层表面的洛氏硬度最高值为HRC6 3 5 ,淬硬层内的显微硬度分布均匀 ,最高显微硬度值约为HV94 0 ,从硬化区→热影响区→基材显微硬度呈梯度变化。激光相变硬化后淬硬层表面的残余应力分析表明 ,淬硬层表面存在压应力 ,压应力的最大值为 - 4 2 9MPa。     

激光淬火CrMoCu合金铸铁组织及摩擦学性能研究

研究CrMoCu合金铸铁经激光淬火后淬硬层的微观组织结构特征,以及其显微硬度和减摩耐磨性能的变化。结果表明,CrMoCu合金铸铁激光淬火淬硬层依其组织特征可分为完全淬硬区和过渡区。硬化层深度为0.45～0.6mm,表面显微硬度较未淬火基体提高约140%;CrMoCu合金铸铁经激光相变硬化处理后,在不同载荷和低速下均具有较好的减摩性能;在试验范围内,CrMoCu合金铸铁经激光淬火后耐磨性能有显著提高。     

齿轮的激光淬火

对齿轮激光淬火技术进行了论述，并对40CrNiMoA材料的齿轮激光淬火进行了分析，其组织分为三层：淬硬层，过渡层，基体，且淬硬层厚，硬化层深度方向硬度几乎无梯度变化，对提高齿轮的耐磨性极为有利。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.