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风波联合作用下的风力机塔架疲劳特性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了海上风力机圆筒型塔架在随机风载荷和波浪载荷作用下的动力响应数值分析方法;建立了基于Palmgren Miner线性累积损伤法则的混泥土塔架安全寿命估计方法.应用线性波理论仿真非规则的海浪,分析作用在圆筒型塔架上的波浪载荷.通过坐标变换,将二维线性波理论扩展为三维线性波理论,建立了波浪力的分析计算模型;用有限元数值分析方法,求解了塔架在风波联合作用下的位移、速度、加速度以及应力响应等;用雨流计数法统计循环参量,将工作循环应力水平等寿命转换成对称循环下疲劳载荷谱,分析了变幅载荷谱下塔架的疲劳损伤及疲劳寿命.算例表明:该文的工作为海上风力机系统气动弹性分析、风力机塔架振动分析和疲劳寿命分析等提供了实用的分析方法. 相似文献
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以超大型DTU 10 MW单桩式近海风力机为研究对象,通过p-y曲线和非线性弹簧建立桩-土耦合模型,选取Kaimal风谱模型建立湍流风场,基于P-M谱定义不同频率波浪分布,并利用辐射/绕射理论计算波浪载荷,采用有限元方法对不同海况下单桩式风力机进行动力学响应、疲劳及屈曲分析。结果表明:不同海况波浪载荷作用下塔顶位移响应及等效应力峰值远小于风及风浪联合作用,其中风浪联合作用下风力机塔顶位移响应及等效应力略小于风载荷;波浪载荷对风载荷引起的单桩式风力机动力学响应具有一定抑制作用,此外相较于波浪载荷,风载荷为控制载荷;风载荷与风浪联合作用下风力机等效应力峰值位于塔顶与机舱连接处,波浪载荷风力机等效应力峰值位于支撑结构与桩基连接处;仅以风载荷预估风力机塔架疲劳寿命将导致预估不足;随着波浪载荷的增大,风力机失稳风险加大,波浪载荷不可忽略;不同海况下,风浪联合作用局部屈曲区域位于塔架中下端,在风力机抗风浪设计时,应重点关注此处;变桨效应可大幅降低风力机动力学响应、疲劳损伤及发生屈曲的风险。 相似文献
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《水电能源科学》2021,39(5):184-188
为研究低温条件下叶片覆冰对风电机组关键部位振动频率、翼型气动性能、发电功率、极限载荷和疲劳载荷的影响,对某3.XMW风电机组在覆冰、未覆冰条件下,基于IEC61400-1标准、线性疲劳累计损伤理论、雨流循环计数法,通过仿真软件建立该机型覆冰、未覆冰两种模型并进行计算。计算结果表明,叶片覆冰导致叶片和塔筒振动降低,翼型升力系数降低,阻力系数升高,发电功率降低,覆冰条件下的叶根、旋转轮毂中心、固定轮毂中心、偏航中心、塔筒底部极限载荷和等效疲劳载荷增大,最大累计循环次数降低,其中叶片挥舞载荷增幅最大。研究成果可为叶片覆冰时机组优化提供参考。 相似文献
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为分析海上风力机运行时的复杂工作环境,需研究海上风力机整机系统在气动载荷和波浪载荷作用下的动力响应数值分析方法。应用线性波理论模拟非规则的波浪及计算水质点在不同深度位置的速度、加速度;应用MORISON波浪力方程建立作用于塔架支撑基础的波浪力计算模型,分析作用在圆筒形支撑基础上的波浪载荷。基于计算多体系统动力学建模方法,通过有限的自由度来反映海上风力机柔性构件的非线性弹性变形。结合气动载荷模型、波浪载荷模型和高效的数值求解方法,建立了海上风力机系统的动力学模型,实现对其动力响应数值分析。以一台5 MW海上风力机为例进行动力响应分析,仿真试验表明气动载荷和波浪载荷对海上风力机的结构设计和稳定性有着重要的影响。该研究为海上风力机系统的振动分析、疲劳分析等提供了一种有效分析方法。 相似文献
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高纬度低温海域海平面存在大量运动状态的海冰,位于此处的近海桩柱式风力机容易受到不规则的海冰载荷作用,风力机平台、塔架和叶片等结构部件的动力学响应均受其影响.为定性及定量分析海冰载荷对叶片和塔架的结构动力学响应的影响程度,以NREL5 MW近海4桩柱式风力机为研究对象,耦合风载荷、波浪载荷及海冰载荷,通过Kane方法建立风力机动力学模型,其中海冰载荷通过冰力函数定义.对比分析了在IEC Lock in冰力函数、Mttnen海冰模型和无海冰作用三种工况下叶片和塔架的结构动力学响应,结果表明:海冰载荷使塔顶位移增加,在Mttnen海冰模型作用下塔顶位移增加了24.1%,在IEC Lock in模型作用下则增加了16%;两种海冰模型均不同程度地使叶片挥舞振动的频率增大,其中在Mttnen海冰模型中变化更加剧烈,这极大地增加了叶片的疲劳载荷. 相似文献
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风 风能 风力发电——21世纪新型清洁能源 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
一风的一般属性1风的形成风是人们非常熟悉的一种自然现象,人人都能感觉到它的存在。春风和煦,给万物带来生机;夏风吹拂,使人心旷神怡;秋风送爽,带来丰收的喜悦;冬风呼啸,迎来漫天飞雪。那么风是怎样形成的呢?众所周知,人类生活的地球表面被大气所包围,来自太阳的辐射不断传送到地球表面,因太阳辐射受热情况不同,地球表面各处的气温不同。在影响气压高低的因素中,气温起着最重要的作用。温度高的地区空气受热上升,气压减小;温度低的地方,空气下降,气压增大,于是产生了气压差。和水往低处流一样,空气也从气压高处向气压… 相似文献
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Here, we quantify relationships between wind farm efficiency and wind speed, direction, turbulence and atmospheric stability using power output from the large offshore wind farm at Nysted in Denmark. Wake losses are, as expected, most strongly related to wind speed variations through the turbine thrust coefficient; with direction, atmospheric stability and turbulence as important second order effects. While the wind farm efficiency is highly dependent on the distribution of wind speeds and wind direction, it is shown that the impact of turbine spacing on wake losses and turbine efficiency can be quantified, albeit with relatively large uncertainty due to stochastic effects in the data. There is evidence of the ‘deep array effect’ in that wake losses in the centre of the wind farm are under‐estimated by the wind farm model WAsP, although overall efficiency of the wind farm is well predicted due to compensating edge effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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We introduce a novel scheme for small wind turbines that gives dynamic estimation of wind speed from rotor angular velocity measurements. The estimation proceeds in two different dynamic observers, one giving a valid estimate for higher Tip Speed Ratios (TSRs) and which we call the Upper Wind Estimator (UWE) and the other called the Lower Wind Estimator (LWE) valid for lower TSRs. The meaning of “higher” and “lower”, and the precise regions of validity, are quantified. We further propose a coordinated control scheme using the UWE. Simulations are presented showing closed-loop performance of the turbine and the estimators both in the optimal TSR regulation condition, and the dynamic power-shedding condition caused by a wind gust. An analytic analysis of closed-loop stability and of the convergence and bias properties of the estimator is provided. Empirical data showing performance on a real turbine is also presented. 相似文献
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A new formulation for rotor equivalent wind speed for wind resource assessment and wind power forecasting
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Aditya Choukulkar Yelena Pichugina Christopher T. M. Clack Ronald Calhoun Robert Banta Alan Brewer Michael Hardesty 《风能》2016,19(8):1439-1452
The spurt of growth in the wind energy industry has led to the development of many new technologies to study this energy resource and improve the efficiency of wind turbines. One of the key factors in wind farm characterization is the prediction of power output of the wind farm that is a strong function of the turbulence in the wind speed and direction. A new formulation for calculating the expected power from a wind turbine in the presence of wind shear, turbulence, directional shear and direction fluctuations is presented. It is observed that wind shear, directional shear and direction fluctuations reduce the power producing capability, while turbulent intensity increases it. However, there is a complicated superposition of these effects that alters the characteristics of the power estimate that indicates the need for the new formulation. Data from two field experiments is used to estimate the wind power using the new formulation, and results are compared to previous formulations. Comparison of the estimates of available power from the new formulation is not compared to actual power outputs and will be a subject of future work. © 2015 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Simulation of hourly wind speed and array wind power 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Statistical summaries of wind speed are sufficient to compute many characteristics of turbine-generated power, such as the mean, variance and reliability of various power levels. However, a wind speed time series is necessary to produce a sequence of power values as used for investigating load matching and storage requirements. Since a long historical record of wind speed may not be available at a wind turbine candidate site, it is desirable to be able to generate a simulated numerical sequence of hourly wind speed values. Two such approximate procedures are developed in this paper. One procedure generates sequential wind speed values at a site based on the Weibull parameters of hourly wind speed and the lag-one autocorrelation of hourly wind speed values. Comparison with historical data at a site is made. The second procedure generates sequential hourly wind power values for a regional array of wind turbines. It utilizes the typical site wind characteristics, the spatial and lag-one cross correlation and autocorrelation of hourly wind speed values and an equivalent linearized relationship between array average wind speed and array power. Comparison with results for six different wind turbines in three different regional arrays indicates good agreement for wind power histograms, autocorrelation function and mean persistence. 相似文献
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Knowledge of the wind speed distribution and the most frequent wind directions is important when choosing wind turbines and when locating them. For this reason wind evaluation and characterization are important when forecasting output power. The data used here were collected from eleven meteorological stations distributed in Navarre, Spain. We obtained data for the period extending from 1992 to 1995, with each datum encompassing 10 minutes of time. Wind speed data of each station were gathered in eight directional sectors, each one extended over 45 degrees according to the direction from which the wind blows. The stations were grouped in two blocks: those under the influence of the Ebro valley and those in mountainous areas. For each group the Weibull parameters were estimated, (according to the Weibull probability paper because the Weibull distribution gives the best fit in this region). Kurtosis and skewness coefficients were estimated as well. The Weibull parameters, especially the scale parameter c, depend strongly on the direction considered, and both Weibull parameters show an increasing trend as the direction considered moves to the more dominant direction, while both kurtosis and skewness show a corresponding decreasing trend. 相似文献