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通过溶解度参数预测,膜渗透性能检测,及扫描电镜(SEM)对膜形貌观察,考察了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)在γ-丁内酯(γ-BL)、磷酸三乙酯(TEP)为混合溶剂,乙二醇(EG)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)及其混合物为凝固浴时,相转化条件及溶剂配比对PVDF膜在孔隙率、纯水通量、BSA截留率,以及拉伸强度等性能方面的影响行为。结果表明,随混合溶剂中TEP质量分数的增加,凝胶浴中溶剂DMAc质量分数增大,PVDF膜皮层逐渐变薄,PVDF结晶球粒粒径变小,孔隙率增加,拉伸强度下降。当混合溶剂中TEP的质量分数为60%,凝胶浴DMAc含量30%时,膜纯水通量达2 100 L/(m2·h),BSA截留率仍保持58.7%,具有良好的超滤性能,可作为制备高通量、较高截留PVDF超滤膜的最佳条件。 相似文献
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将聚氧化乙烯(PEO)添加到聚偏氟乙烯/苯乙烯马来酸酐树脂(PVDF/SMA)膜体系中,通过非溶剂致相分离法(NIPS)制备了添加不同PEO含量的PVDF/SMA共混膜。其中PEO质量分数为2%的共混超滤膜性能最好,水通量为531.1L/(m2·h),牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率为65.8%,水接触角为63.6°,膜剥离强度为0.2756kN/m。接着以PVDF/SMA膜为主要研究对象测试了凝固浴温度对共混超滤膜的纯水通量以及BSA截留率的影响,该实验的结果表明凝固浴温度的改变对膜性能没有产生明显的影响。因此,选择在常温凝固浴温度下测试不同凝固浴成分对共混膜性能的影响。探究了膜在凝固浴成分分别为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)(质量分数为3%、6%、9%)、氯化钠(NaCl)(0.05mol/L、0.1mol/L、0.2mol/L)和乙醇(质量分数为3%、6%、9%)时的膜性能变化,以及对各个组分得到的膜样本进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征。结果表明,随着DMAc含量增加,膜表面的孔在减少,且膜皮层的厚度增加,使得膜的水通量减少而BSA截留率提高。而随着NaCl浓度... 相似文献
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采用干-湿相转化法制备了PVDF/CaCO3共混中空纤维膜,考察了芯液组成和外凝胶浴温度对共混膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随芯液中酸含量增加,膜纯水通量迅速升高,BSA截留率略有下降;膜拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率增加。SEM图显示,膜断面指状孔的数量增多、支撑层厚度变薄、膜亚层海绵孔增加;相应孔隙率升高,而泡点压力略微下降。当外凝胶浴温度较高时,膜支撑层和外皮层较为致密,导致膜纯水通量明显下降,同时BSA截留率在80℃高温外凝胶浴时,由于膜外皮层上出现少量大孔结构,而迅速下降为62.55%。 相似文献
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通过紫外光谱扫描分析PVDF中空纤维膜纺丝凝固浴的主要成分,用折光指数法测定了聚偏氟乙稀(PVDF)中空纤维膜纺丝过程中凝固液主要成分N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)随时间的变化及其与COD的关系。结果表明,紫外光度法、折光指数法、COD法都可以用于DMAc的测定,其中折光指数法对0~70%体积分数的DMAc溶液有很好的线性相关性;在纺丝过程中,凝固浴的COD与其折射率具有很好的相关性。随着凝固浴中DMAc含量升高,膜孔径和断裂强度变化不大,膜通量降低。可利用折光指数法分析监控纺丝过程中凝固浴组成。 相似文献
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对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)管式微孔膜生产工艺进行了研究。系统地讨论了相转化法制备管式微孔膜过程中各个因素的影响。研究发现,铸膜液温度对PVDF管式膜截留率和纯水通量影响不明显;铸膜液中加入NH4Cl后,膜的纯水通量增加,截留率减小,孔径增大;不同凝固浴制得的PVDF管式傲孔膜不同,膜的纯水通量和截留中也不同。 相似文献
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凝固浴组成和温度对PVDF疏水微孔膜结构与性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用非溶剂相转化法(NIPS),以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/磷酸三乙酯(TEP)-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为铸膜液体系,乙醇水溶液为凝固浴制备高性能的PVDF疏水微孔膜。考察了凝固浴中乙醇(EtOH)含量及凝固浴温度对PVDF成膜分相速率、膜结构和膜疏水性的影响。实验结果表明,在20℃的凝固浴温度下,凝固浴中乙醇含量的升高减慢了铸膜液体系的分相速率,提高了PVDF膜的孔隙率;在凝固浴中添加60%(wt)的乙醇,可形成表面荷叶状结构和截面对称的海绵状结构,膜表面的接触角为130.3°,呈很强的疏水性,并具有较优的膜强度。 相似文献
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《工程塑料应用》2020,(3)
以聚砜(PSU)为成膜聚合物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为成孔添加剂,二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,采用干–湿法纺丝工艺和浸没沉淀相转化法制备了PSU中空纤维膜,研究了添加剂含量、凝固浴温度、干纺程对中空纤维膜结构与性能的影响。结果表明,随着添加剂PVP含量的增大,在PSU中空纤维膜表皮层形成贯通膜孔,皮层变薄,孔径变大,指状孔发达,水通量提高,截留率下降;凝固浴温度升高对膜水通量起到一定的抑制作用,凝固浴温度为30℃时,制得的膜具有较高的水通量和卵清蛋白截留率,以及较高的孔隙率;干纺程的大小对膜性能有重要影响,当干纺程为11 cm时,膜纯水通量为200 L/(m~2·h),截留率为90%,综合性能较好。 相似文献
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ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l/3为氧气,2/3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中:A一混… 相似文献
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P. P. Budnikoff 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1924,7(11):817-820
The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO3 and determination of CaO by KMnO4 titration, the SO3 by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO4 has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time. 相似文献
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A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases. 相似文献
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A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.
Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology. 相似文献
Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology. 相似文献
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ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log10 viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log10 viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na2O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO2, 2Na2O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al2O3 for Na2O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log10η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature Ta. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log10η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A12O3) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al2O3) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log10η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al2O3. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log10η due to substitution of an oxide for Na2O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na2O-CaO-SiO2. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO2, 2Na2O) due to of Substitution of B2O3 for SiO2 The change of log10η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log10η per per cent B2O3. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na2O. 相似文献
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面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。 相似文献