热酸氧化及镀镍对碳纳米管吸波性能的影响

利用浓硝酸沸腾状态下氧化性强的特点,采用冷凝回流的方法对碳纳米管进行纯化处理,并采用化学镀的方法在碳纳米管表面镀上了一层均匀的金属镍.测量了镀镍及原始碳纳米管的介电常数、磁导率以及R～f曲线.研究了浓硝酸氧化及镀镍对碳纳米管复合材料吸波性能的影响.结果表明,与原始碳纳米管相比,镀镍后碳纳米管复合材料的吸波峰向低频移动,出现在6.92GHz,峰值为-10.46dB,吸波频带宽度为2.46GHz(R＜-10dB)和5.41GHz(R＜-6dB).碳纳米管表面镀镍后吸收峰值虽然变小,但吸收峰有宽化的趋势,这种趋势有利于制造宽频吸波材料.     

电场诱导碳纳米管在聚合物中定向有序排列的研究进展

碳纳米管特殊的结构和优异的性能使之成为复合材料增强的首选填料,综述了电场条件下碳纳米管在聚合物中有序排列的研究进展。分析了电场类型、碳纳米管表面官能化、加电时间、碳纳米管尺寸和含量等因素对电场诱导碳纳米管有序排列的影响,讨论了定向有序排列的碳纳米管对复合材料的力学、电学和热学等性能的影响,分析了碳纳米管定向排列机理以及碳纳米管定向程度的表征方法。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑复合材料的微结构与性能

以甲基磺酸(MSA)为溶剂通过溶液共混法制备了不同多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)含量的多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(MWNTs/PBO)复合材料, 用扫描电镜(SEM)对热处理前后复合材料的微结构进行了分析, 并对其导电、力学和耐热性能进行了研究。结果表明: MWNTs能均匀地分散在聚合物基体中, 并能形成一定的网络结构, 热处理后的复合材料较热处理前的结构更致密, 导电性能和力学性能都有所改善, 其中MWNTs质量分数为10％的热处理后复合材料与纯PBO聚合物相比, 体积电阻率降低约9个数量级, 而拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高了95％和53％, 耐热性能也有一定的提高。      

碳纳米管增强聚合物基复合材料进展

碳纳米管具有超常的力学性能、电性能和热性能,碳纳米管增强复合材料被认为是最有潜力的结构功能一体化复合材料.从阻碍碳纳米管复合材料高性能化的主要因素、碳纳米管复合材料增强体、碳纳米管复合材料成型工艺、碳纳米管复合材料性能等方面讨论了碳纳米管聚合物基复合材料的研究现状.     

碳纳米管增强聚合物复合材料的研究进展

论述了碳纳米管/聚合物纳米复合材料的各种制备方法和最新进展。详细讨论了碳纳米管/聚合物纳米复合材料的结构和性能,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

碳纳米管/三嵌段聚合物(PPP)无溶剂流体的制备及对聚丙烯性能的影响

采用三嵌段聚合物(PPP)对酸化碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)进行改性,制备MWNTs-COOH/PPP无溶剂流体。采用流变仪研究其流变性能,采用差热扫描(DSC)研究不同制备方法对MWNTs-COOH/PPP/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,无溶剂存在时,MWNTs-COOH/PPP复合物具有液体的特征,碳纳米管含量为27.37%。以MWNTs-COOH/PPP复合物作为增强材料,采用溶液法和机械法制备聚丙烯纳米复合材料,碳纳米管可以使聚丙烯的结晶度有一定程度提高。     

聚丙烯腈填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的结构表征及性能

将聚丙烯腈粉末填充改性聚四氟乙烯,利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)研究了聚合物在聚四氟乙烯复合材料烧结成型过程中的化学变化;用热失重分析(TGA)和动态力学分析(DM A)考察了聚四氟乙烯复合材料的热稳定性、动态力学性能的变化及两种聚合物的相容性。结果表明:(1)聚丙烯腈在烧结过程中发生了环化反应;(2)聚丙烯腈的加入使聚四氟乙烯复合材料的起始分解温度有所降低;(3)聚丙烯腈的加入提高了复合材料的玻璃化转变温度,但同时也使其低温动态模量降低。     

碳纳米管聚合物复合材料的力学性质

用二甲基甲酰胺表面活性剂来超声分散多壁碳纳米管,制备成碳纳米管增强的环氧树脂基聚合物。常温下力学性能测试表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,其弹性模量先增后降。在50℃时,对于碳纳米管含量≤1%(质量分数)的复合材料,经历了可逆的粘弹性阶段后进入塑性变形,且温度对复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度影响较大;而对于碳纳米管含量>1%的复合材料,其力学性能反而发生退化。     

多壁碳纳米管的酸处理工艺研究

研究不同酸处理对碳纳米管的微观结构和形貌的影响,采用SEM和XRD对其进行表征。SEM观测表明经过酸处理后的碳纳米管杂质明显减少;1∶1的浓H2SO4、浓HNO3混酸处理后,碳纳米管长径比降低,不易发生团聚,分散性提高,并保持了其优异的性能;通过比较得出超声处理比高温回流处理所得碳纳米管表面质量更优;XRD分析表明3∶1的浓H2SO4、浓HNO3混酸氧化刻蚀能力较强,对碳纳米管的晶体结构破坏严重。     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究进展

碳纳米管(CNT)优异的力学性能使其成为复合材料优选的增强体。CNT/聚合物复合材料的力学性能主要受其界面结合性能的影响。综述了CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究方法和研究现状。对CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究,实验上采用微观表征技术、拉曼光谱分析技术和纳米力学拔出法,分子模拟方法则是通过对CNT施加位移或外力模拟CNT从聚合物基体中的抽拔过程。概述了聚合物的类型、晶态结构以及CNT的手性、功能化处理等因素对CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的影响,并展望了CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能未来研究的重点方向。     

Coating and filling of carbon nanotubes with homogeneous magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were obtained by decoration of metal oxide nanoparticles on or in carbon nanotubes. The method involved the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO)₅ followed by vacuum thermolysis and subsequent oxidation. The magnetic iron oxide particle deposition was always homogeneous and could be controlled selectively on the outer, inner, or both surfaces of MWCNTs by using different MWCNTs. Since the hollow channels remained intact, these MWCNT based composites could find special applications in cellular delivery systems.     

Rheologic and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-reinforced poly(trimethylene terephthalate) composites

This paper investigates the rheologic and mechanical properties of melt-blended poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites and the effect of acid treatment of MWCNT on these properties. The microstructure of the composites was studied by SEM and TEM in terms of the dispersion state of the nanotubes and the polymer–nanotube interaction. Incorporation of MWCNTs into PTT matrix resulted in an increase in both complex viscosity and moduli than those of neat PTT. A dramatic increase in the melt viscosity of composites observed with loading of MWCNT in the range of 0.5 and 2 wt% showed the formation of interconnected network of MWCNT in the polymer matrix at a rheologic percolation threshold. Acid treatment of MWCNT showed significant effect on the rheologic properties of PTT and led to the enhancement of both complex viscosity and moduli due to strong interfacial interaction between acid-treated MWCNT and PTT matrix. The effect of acid treatment was also evident by mechanical properties of the PTT/MWCNT composites. The untreated MWCNT showed only increase in modulus of PTT matrix; whereas, after acid treatment, both tensile strength and modulus of PTT matrix enhanced significantly.     

Surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized via oxidation with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Thus functionalized nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were silanized using a coupling agent, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTES). The f-MWCNTs and the reaction product of f-MWCNTs and 3-APTES (APTES–MWCNTs) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The results indicate the attachment of silane molecules on the surface of the functionalized MWCNTs. This silanization method allows for the improvement of the chemical compatibility of MWCNTs with specific polymers for application in nanotube-based polymer matrix composites.     

聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚合物修饰多壁碳纳米管

多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)与混酸(浓硫酸∶浓硝酸体积比为3∶1)和无水乙二胺进行酸化、胺化反应使MWCNTs表面产生羧基和氨基基团,进而与聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚合物(PE-g-MA)发生开环反应制备PE-g-MWCNTs,以提高MWCNTs在聚乙烯基体中的分散性。采用红外光谱、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱对MWCNTs的化学修饰进行定性表征。结果表明:当MWCNTs的体积分数为0.67%时,MWCNT/PE复合材料的体积电阻率发生渗流突变。MWCNTs的体积分数在0.1%～1.2%时,MWCNT/PE复合材料体积电阻率由1016Ω.m下降至105Ω.m。     

Dispersions of carbon nanotubes/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes hybrids in polymer: the mechanical,electrical and EMI shielding properties

A hybrid was synthesized by grafting polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The MWCNT/polymer composites produced using silsesquioxane grafted MWCNTs as a filler had a high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. Homogeneous dispersion of silsesquioxane grafted MWCNTs occurred throughout the polymer without any aggregation, while a pristine MWCNT aggregate that integrated several nanotube domains existed in the polymer matrix. A comparative study of the optical transmittance, electrical, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/MWCNT composites based on pristine MWCNTs and silsesquioxane grafted MWCNTs was carried out. A high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (15–16 dB) was obtained in the 36–50 GHz range at a relatively low filler loading (4 wt%) in the PLLA/silsesquioxane grafted MWCNT composite.     

A Novel Microwave‐Assisted Carbothermic Route for the Production of Copper‐Carbon Nanotube Metal Matrix Composites Directly from Copper Oxide

Cu₂O was reduced to copper via a microwave‐assisted carbothermic route using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the carbon source. The reaction atmosphere as well as the degree of mixing of Cu₂O and MWCNTs was varied, and the resulting products were characterized as a function of microwave exposure time. Irradiation of thoroughly mixed Cu₂O and MWCNTs under argon for 45 s produced Cu‐MWCNT composites with high MWCNT loading and high hardness. This new approach for fabricating carbon nanotube‐reinforced metal matrix composites eliminates many of the challenges associated with traditional methods while requiring a fraction of the time and energy.     

Undoped, nitrogen-doped and boron-doped multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite as active layer in simple hydrostatic pressure sensors

We report on hydrostatic pressure sensors prepared using 10 % w/w multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. Three types of carbon nanotubes were used in the composites: undoped MWCNTs, nitrogen-doped MWCNTs and boron-doped MWCNTs (B-MWCNTs). The sensor response was tested using an alternating current input, measuring the capacitance and conductance outputs. The sensors based on the three composites show a linear capacitance and conductance sensitivity pressure dependence in the range 50–120 kPa, but a higher sensitivity to pressure dependence above this interval. The highest angular coefficient of the sensitivity, which reached 0.092 kPa^?1, was observed for the capacitance sensitivity of the B-MWCNT based composite.     

Effective load transfer by a chromium carbide nanostructure in a multi-walled carbon nanotube/copper matrix composite

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix composites, which exhibit chromium (Cr) carbide nanostructures at the MWCNT/Cu interface, were prepared through a carbide formation using CuCr alloy powder. The fully densified and oriented MWCNTs dispersed throughout the composites were prepared using spark plasma sintering (SPS) followed by hot extrusion. The tensile strengths of the MWCNT/CuCr composites increased with increasing MWCNTs content, while the tensile strength of MWCNT/Cu composite decreased from that of monolithic Cu. The enhanced tensile strength of the MWCNT/CuCr composites is a result of possible load-transfer mechanisms of the interfacial Cr carbide nanostructures. The multi-wall failure of MWCNTs observed in the fracture surface of the MWCNT/CuCr composites indicates an improvement in the load-bearing capacity of the MWCNTs. This result shows that the Cr carbide nanostructures effectively transferred the tensile load to the MWCNTs during fracture through carbide nanostructure formation in the MWCNT/Cu composite.     

Morphological changes of carbon nanotubes in polyethylene matrices under oscillatory tests as determined by dielectrical measurements

By combining a high sensitive dielectric sensor into a parallel plate rheometer, the time evolution of the dielectric properties of polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites was measured in the molten state under oscillatory shear. Composites with single- (SWCNT) or multiwall (MWCNT) carbon nanotubes initially decrease its conductivity proportional to the oscillatory shear-strain applied. After this initial drop, some composites increase the conductivity under these non-quiescent conditions reflecting a possible shear-induced agglomeration process. The latter based on the complex permittivity spectrum showing a shortening in the CNT-CNT distances in these composites after shear. At concentrations below the electrical percolation threshold, the presence of both SWCNTs and MWCNTs reduces the DC conductivity of the molten matrices. This result shows that carbon nanotubes can act as a scavenger for impurities or additives present in commercial polyethylenes.     

Molecular dynamics study of effects of intertube spacing on sliding behaviors of multi-walled carbon nanotube

The effects of intertube spacing, tube length and wall numbers on the sliding behaviors of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The interaction between carbon atoms is modeled using the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential coupled with the Lennard-Jones potential. The simulations indicate that, regardless of tube length and wall numbers, small intertube spacing of MWCNT can provides an effective channel for load transfer between tubes, and permits mechanical participation of walls. The results also show that the sliding behaviors of MWCNT are strongly dependent of tube length and wall numbers, especially MWCNT with small intertube spacing. It is observed that small intertube spacing of triple-walled carbon nanotube (TWCNT) result in the formation of intertube sp3 bonds during pullout process. The general conclusions derived from this work may be of importance in devising high-performance carbon nanotube (CNT) composites.