低温下氢气还原氧化铁的动力学研究

 用热重分析法研究了低温下不同粒度氧化铁的氢还原动力学,得出在同一温度下,铁矿粉粒度从107.5 μm降到2.0 μm后,由于粉体的表面积大幅度增加,提高了粉气接触面积,从而使得化学反应的速度提高了8倍左右,还原反应的表观活化能从78.3 kJ/mol降低到36.9 kJ/mol;当反应速度相同时, 粒度6.5 μm的粉体的反应温度比107.5 μm的降低了80 ℃左右。同时,通过理论推导和实验结果表明,当反应扩散层厚度相同时,铁矿粉粒度越小,反应扩散层厚度越薄,其还原率越高。     

低温非平衡条件下氧化铁还原顺序研究

研究了低温条件下(＜570℃)CO和H2还原氧化铁的动力学机理.结果表明:实际还原过程属于非平衡态过程,它的还原机理与还原气体的成分相关.当还原气体中CO(或H2)的含量不能满足Fe3O4 CO(H2)→3FeO CO2(H2O)反应进行的要求时,氧化铁的还原顺序为Fe2O3→Fe3O4→Fe;如果还原气体成分满足此要求,Fe2O3→Fe3O4→Fe和Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO→Fe两种还原顺序将同时存在.     

含Li催化剂和添加剂对Fe2O3还原反应的影响

通过还原试验,研究了LiCl与含Li催化剂对Fe₂O₃的CO还原作用,发现不论是LiCl还是含Li催化剂均对Fe₂O₃的CO还原有催化作用,其中以含Li催化剂对Fe₂O₃的CO还原催化效果最好.用X-rar鉴定含Li催化剂的物相,主要以α-Fe和FeO相存在,说明了含Li催化剂中的α-Fe亦对Fe₂O₃的CO还原有催化作用.     

Study on Phosphorus Removal of High-Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite by Coal-Based Direct Reduction and Magnetic Separation

In this article, mineralogical phase changes and structural changes of iron oxides and phosphorus-bearing minerals during the direct reduction roasting process were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It has been found that the reduction of hematite follows the following general pathway: Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → FeO → Fe. The last step of the reduction process contains two side reactions: either FeO → Fe₂SiO₄ → Fe or FeO → FeAl₂O₄ → Fe depending on the micro mineralogical makeup of the ore. In the reduction process of FeO → Fe, oolitic structure was destroyed completely and fluorapatite was diffused into gangue while metallic phase is coarsening at temperatures below 1200°C. Therefore, the separation of phosphorus-bearing gangue and metallic iron can be achieved by wet grinding and magnetic separation, and low phosphorus content metallic iron powder can be obtained. However, when the temperature reached 1250°C and beyond, some of the fluorapatite was reduced to elemental P and diffused into the metallic iron phase, making the P content higher in the metallic iron powder.     

On the Behaviour of Hematite and Graphite Blend during Ball Milling and Heating Up Reduction of Milled Mixture

The effect of ball milling under argon and air atmospheres on the reaction behaviour of the mixture of sintered hematite and graphite was investigated. Thermo‐gravimetry / differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) was adopted to determine the effect of milling time on the reduction process during heating up under Ar atmosphere. The samples were heated at a constant heating rate of 10 °C/min from room temperature up to 1100 °C and maintained at this temperature for 30 minutes. TGL (thermo‐gravimetry loss) curves showed a decrease of onset temperature of reduction with increase of milling time. XRD patterns of milled samples at room temperature revealed that the peaks of graphite disappeared after 48 hours milling. This represents the transformation of crystalline structure of graphite to the amorphous structure. By increasing the milling time to 72 hours, magnetite peaks appeared in the XRD pattern as a result of reduction of hematite with graphite during milling. However, the amount of magnetite formed during milling process increased as milling proceeded. The powders milled under Ar atmosphere became more active than the powders milled under air and consequently the carbothermic reduction of hematite in powders milled under Ar atmosphere was observed at lower temperatures compared with air‐milled powders. It was observed that the reduction time of hematite in powder mixture was decreased with increase of sintering time of hematite prior to milling.     

钛铁矿的还原技术研究现状

在简要分析当前钛铁矿还原富集技术中存在的问题的基础上,阐述了钛铁矿的非碳热还原及常规碳热还原技术的国内外研究现状。结合微波加热的特点,重点阐述了钛铁矿的微波碳热还原的国内外研究现状。指出,微波加热应用于钛铁矿的碳热还原,能明显提高炭的还原能力,提高还原速率,缩短反应时间,大幅度降低能耗,显示出良好的经济价值和潜在的工业化前景,同时也指出了钛铁矿微波碳热还原技术中需要解决的问题。     

低温下碳还原氧化铁的催化机理研究

通过碳的气化反应、气体还原氧化铁以及碳粉还原氧化铁试验,探明了氧化铁的催化还原机理.加入催化剂后,碳的气化反应速率和铁矿的还原速率提高,并表现出相似的变化规律,K2CO3和Na2CO3的催化效果明显优于CaCO3的催化效果.对于气化反应和氧化铁的还原反应,催化剂的加入等同提高了碳的活性,由于碳活性的提高,加速了碳的气化反应进行,促进了氧化铁还原中的间接还原反应和直接还原反应,最终加速了氧化铁的还原反应.     

Effect of Temperature on Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite

The reduction of ilmenite (FeTiO3) has been studied extensively. Temperature for the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite ranges from 900 ℃ to 1 400 ℃, and the reduction degree of Panzhihua ilmenite increases with increasing temperature. X ray diffraction analysis and SEM analysis were used to identify the phase before and after reduction, and to identify the morphology of reduced samples respectively. It is found that the reaction initiates at about 860 ℃. The reaction rate varies with temperature simultaneously. Impurities in Panzhihua ilmenite decrease the reduction degree. Magnesium and calcium oxide-rich zone is formed preventing complete reduction of Fe^2 . In general, the reaction products are iron, Ti3O5 and carbon.     

Direct Reduction of High-phosphorus Oolitic Hematite Ore Based on Biomass Pyrolysis

Direct reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore based on biomass pyrolysis gases(CO,H_2,and CH_4),tar,and char was conducted to investigate the effects of reduction temperature,iron ore-biomass mass ratio,and reduction time on the metallization rate.In addition,the effect of particle size on the dephosphorization and iron recovery rate was studied by magnetic separation.It was determined that the metallization rate of the hematite ore could reach 99.35% at iron ore-biomass mass ratio of 1∶0.6,reduction temperature of 1 100℃,and reduction time of 55 min.The metallization rate and the aggregation degree of iron particles increase with the increase of reduction temperature.The particle size of direct reduced iron(DRI) has a great influence on the quality of the iron concentrate during magnetic separation.The separation degree of slag and iron was improved by the addition of 15 mass% sodium carbonate.DRI with iron grade of 89.11%,iron recovery rate of 83.47%,and phosphorus content of 0.28% can be obtained when ore fines with particle size of-10 μm account for 78.15%.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿深度还原过程中磷的迁移规律

 针对鄂西某地高磷鲕状赤铁矿进行了深度还原技术研究,考查了还原温度、还原时间、配碳系数和CaO添加量对磷迁移规律的影响。结果表明：进入铁粉中磷的品位和回收率随着还原温度的升高和还原时间的延长而升高,随着配碳系数的增大先升高后降低,并在配碳系数为2.0时达到最大;而受CaO添加量的影响较小。还原物料的XRD和SEM分析表明大部分磷被还原为单质迁移进入了铁粉中。对高磷鲕状赤铁矿深度还原过程中磷的迁移规律进行了初步探索,为进一步研究高磷鲕状赤铁矿提供了一定的理论基础。     

铝电解槽炉底破损的检查方法

通过对铝液中铁含量的分析,以及对阴极捧头表面温度和阴极电流分布的测量．找出炉底损部位和破损程度。     

某难选赤褐铁矿选矿试验研究

某难选赤褐铁矿主要铁矿物为赤褐铁矿,有害杂质硫、磷、砷含量较低。为了开发利用该铁矿资源,对其进行了选矿试验研究。原矿性质分析可知,铁品位为38.79%,铁矿石中赤铁矿占77.67%,褐铁矿占12.27%。条件试验研究表明,原矿经加煤粉还原焙烧后磨矿,再进行一次粗选、一次精选、一次扫选的磁选试验,最终可获得铁品位为61.53%,回收率为75.22%的铁精矿产品。     

200 kA预焙铝电解槽降低工作电压的生产实践

本文结合生产实践,分析了200 kA电解槽投产初期工作电压较高的原因和降低工作电压的途径,结合目前的节能形势提出了降低工作电压的一些技术措施。     

Phosphorus Removal and Iron Recovery from High-Phosphorus Hematite Using Direct Reduction Followed by Melting Separation

To efficiently utilize high-phosphorus oolitic hematite resources, a method using direct reduction followed by melting separation was proposed. In this study, direct reduction behavior of the ore–char briquette and the melting separation behavior of the reduced briquette were investigated. Direct reduction test results show that under investigated conditions, the briquette reached a metallization rate of 80%–88% and a residual carbon value of 0.11–4.85 wt%,and apatite layers were fragmented into tiny particles, some of which were embedded in metallic iron phase. Melting separation test results show that residual carbon can significantly influence the iron recovery rate. For metallic briquettes with the abovementioned qualities, the iron recovery rate ranged from 75% to 98%. To control the phosphorus content in molten iron to be nearly 0.4 wt%, an iron recovery rate of 80% was shown to be adequate.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿铁磷分离试验研究

对高磷鲕状赤铁矿进行了显微结构研究,采用添加脱磷剂直接还原焙烧-磁选工艺进行了铁和磷分离试验,研究了焙烧温度、内配碳量、添加剂配比对铁、磷分离主要技术指标的影响。结果表明:磷主要以磷灰石的形态嵌布在鲕状结构中,部分与赤铁矿形成环状间层,层间的厚度变化范围在3~15μm之间;在焙烧温度1 000℃、内配碳量6%、添加剂配比10%的优化工艺条件下,通过球磨-磁选试验可得到含铁品位大于85%、含磷量在0.15%~0.20%之间的优质还原铁粉和含磷为3.5%~4%的富磷渣。     

氢气还原氧化铁动力学的非等温热重方法研究

 用非等温热重分析法对氢气还原不同粒度细微氧化铁的动力学进行了研究。研究表明：铁矿粉粒度越小,起始反应温度越低,反应速度越快,反应达到平台期时所对应的还原率越高;平均粒度为3.5 mm的铁矿粉在400 ℃还原反应开始,700 ℃左右开始反应加快,达到平台期时的还原率为77%,而平均粒度为2 μm的铁矿粉在100 ℃已经开始反应,350 ℃反应加快,达到平台期时的还原率为98%,而且在600 ℃时还原率就达到了100%;铁矿粉粒度从3.5 mm降到2 μm后,还原反应的表观活化能从73.3 kJ/mol降低到30.46 kJ/mol;同时通过分析氢气还原氧化铁的反应机理得出,内扩散和界面化学反应均对整个反应过程起限制作用。     

MgO对赤铁矿压团还原膨胀性能的影响

为探究MgO对球团还原膨胀性能的影响机理,分阶段还原了添加不同MgO纯试剂的赤铁矿压团(Fe_2O_3→Fe_3O_4、Fe_3O_4→FeO和FeO→Fe三个阶段),同时利用扫描电镜对还原产物进行表征。结果表明,当压团添加MgO含量分别为0%、2%和4%时,在还原第一阶段压团还原膨胀率分别为11.06%、5.63%、3.85%,随着MgO含量的增加压团还原膨胀率逐渐降低。还原第二阶段加入MgO的压团还原膨胀率依然随MgO含量的增加而降低。在还原第三阶段,MgO的添加抑制了铁晶须的生长,添加MgO含量分别为0%、2%和4%时,压团还原膨胀率分别为28.33%、15.21%和10.91%。     

铝电解槽内衬材料导热系数的测定

在工业铝电解槽上,内衬材料占有很重要的地位。内衬材料的性能对铝电解槽的热量损失尤其重要,其导热系数是计算热平衡的重要数据之一。对于导热系数的测量方法有很多种,本文是根据YB/T059-91[1],在实验室原有仪器[2]的基础上设计了测量装置,并对某铝电解厂的筑炉和刨炉材料的导热系数进行了测量和分析。     

Vacuum Carbothermic Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate: A Thermodynamic Study

Electric arc furnace is mainly used in the production of high titania slag; however, since impurities cannot be eliminated, this causes difficulty in the production of titania pigment with chlorination process. Consequently, removing impurities is the crucial way to deal with low-grade ilmenite, especially for the Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate in China. This article studied the theoretical calculation of vacuum carbothermic reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate. Thus, when the temperature was higher than 1600°C and the carbon amount was greater than 12%, all of the Fe almost entered into the gas phase. When the temperature was higher than 1300°C and the carbon amount was greater than 14%, magnesium also entered the gas phase. When the temperature was higher than 1100°C, most of the element manganese was volatilized in the gas phase. The TiO₂ grade increased with the increase in carbon amount (14%). When the temperature was higher than 1600°C and the carbon amount was less than 14%, the TiO₂ grade in the slag phase could reach the maximum value, which can be used for the chlorination process to prepare titanium dioxide.