低温非平衡条件下氧化铁还原顺序研究

研究了低温条件下(＜570℃)CO和H2还原氧化铁的动力学机理.结果表明:实际还原过程属于非平衡态过程,它的还原机理与还原气体的成分相关.当还原气体中CO(或H2)的含量不能满足Fe3O4 CO(H2)→3FeO CO2(H2O)反应进行的要求时,氧化铁的还原顺序为Fe2O3→Fe3O4→Fe;如果还原气体成分满足此要求,Fe2O3→Fe3O4→Fe和Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO→Fe两种还原顺序将同时存在.     

Study on Phosphorus Removal of High-Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite by Coal-Based Direct Reduction and Magnetic Separation

In this article, mineralogical phase changes and structural changes of iron oxides and phosphorus-bearing minerals during the direct reduction roasting process were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It has been found that the reduction of hematite follows the following general pathway: Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → FeO → Fe. The last step of the reduction process contains two side reactions: either FeO → Fe₂SiO₄ → Fe or FeO → FeAl₂O₄ → Fe depending on the micro mineralogical makeup of the ore. In the reduction process of FeO → Fe, oolitic structure was destroyed completely and fluorapatite was diffused into gangue while metallic phase is coarsening at temperatures below 1200°C. Therefore, the separation of phosphorus-bearing gangue and metallic iron can be achieved by wet grinding and magnetic separation, and low phosphorus content metallic iron powder can be obtained. However, when the temperature reached 1250°C and beyond, some of the fluorapatite was reduced to elemental P and diffused into the metallic iron phase, making the P content higher in the metallic iron powder.     

钛铁矿的还原技术研究现状

在简要分析当前钛铁矿还原富集技术中存在的问题的基础上,阐述了钛铁矿的非碳热还原及常规碳热还原技术的国内外研究现状。结合微波加热的特点,重点阐述了钛铁矿的微波碳热还原的国内外研究现状。指出,微波加热应用于钛铁矿的碳热还原,能明显提高炭的还原能力,提高还原速率,缩短反应时间,大幅度降低能耗,显示出良好的经济价值和潜在的工业化前景,同时也指出了钛铁矿微波碳热还原技术中需要解决的问题。     

低温下碳还原氧化铁的催化机理研究

通过碳的气化反应、气体还原氧化铁以及碳粉还原氧化铁试验,探明了氧化铁的催化还原机理.加入催化剂后,碳的气化反应速率和铁矿的还原速率提高,并表现出相似的变化规律,K2CO3和Na2CO3的催化效果明显优于CaCO3的催化效果.对于气化反应和氧化铁的还原反应,催化剂的加入等同提高了碳的活性,由于碳活性的提高,加速了碳的气化反应进行,促进了氧化铁还原中的间接还原反应和直接还原反应,最终加速了氧化铁的还原反应.     

Effect of Temperature on Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite

The reduction of ilmenite (FeTiO3) has been studied extensively. Temperature for the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite ranges from 900 ℃ to 1 400 ℃, and the reduction degree of Panzhihua ilmenite increases with increasing temperature. X ray diffraction analysis and SEM analysis were used to identify the phase before and after reduction, and to identify the morphology of reduced samples respectively. It is found that the reaction initiates at about 860 ℃. The reaction rate varies with temperature simultaneously. Impurities in Panzhihua ilmenite decrease the reduction degree. Magnesium and calcium oxide-rich zone is formed preventing complete reduction of Fe^2 . In general, the reaction products are iron, Ti3O5 and carbon.     

铝电解槽炉底破损的检查方法

通过对铝液中铁含量的分析,以及对阴极捧头表面温度和阴极电流分布的测量．找出炉底损部位和破损程度。     

某难选赤褐铁矿选矿试验研究

某难选赤褐铁矿主要铁矿物为赤褐铁矿,有害杂质硫、磷、砷含量较低。为了开发利用该铁矿资源,对其进行了选矿试验研究。原矿性质分析可知,铁品位为38.79%,铁矿石中赤铁矿占77.67%,褐铁矿占12.27%。条件试验研究表明,原矿经加煤粉还原焙烧后磨矿,再进行一次粗选、一次精选、一次扫选的磁选试验,最终可获得铁品位为61.53%,回收率为75.22%的铁精矿产品。     

200 kA预焙铝电解槽降低工作电压的生产实践

本文结合生产实践,分析了200 kA电解槽投产初期工作电压较高的原因和降低工作电压的途径,结合目前的节能形势提出了降低工作电压的一些技术措施。     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿铁磷分离试验研究

对高磷鲕状赤铁矿进行了显微结构研究,采用添加脱磷剂直接还原焙烧-磁选工艺进行了铁和磷分离试验,研究了焙烧温度、内配碳量、添加剂配比对铁、磷分离主要技术指标的影响。结果表明:磷主要以磷灰石的形态嵌布在鲕状结构中,部分与赤铁矿形成环状间层,层间的厚度变化范围在3~15μm之间;在焙烧温度1 000℃、内配碳量6%、添加剂配比10%的优化工艺条件下,通过球磨-磁选试验可得到含铁品位大于85%、含磷量在0.15%~0.20%之间的优质还原铁粉和含磷为3.5%~4%的富磷渣。     

铝电解槽内衬材料导热系数的测定

在工业铝电解槽上,内衬材料占有很重要的地位。内衬材料的性能对铝电解槽的热量损失尤其重要,其导热系数是计算热平衡的重要数据之一。对于导热系数的测量方法有很多种,本文是根据YB/T059-91[1],在实验室原有仪器[2]的基础上设计了测量装置,并对某铝电解厂的筑炉和刨炉材料的导热系数进行了测量和分析。     

Vacuum Carbothermic Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate: A Thermodynamic Study

Electric arc furnace is mainly used in the production of high titania slag; however, since impurities cannot be eliminated, this causes difficulty in the production of titania pigment with chlorination process. Consequently, removing impurities is the crucial way to deal with low-grade ilmenite, especially for the Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate in China. This article studied the theoretical calculation of vacuum carbothermic reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate. Thus, when the temperature was higher than 1600°C and the carbon amount was greater than 12%, all of the Fe almost entered into the gas phase. When the temperature was higher than 1300°C and the carbon amount was greater than 14%, magnesium also entered the gas phase. When the temperature was higher than 1100°C, most of the element manganese was volatilized in the gas phase. The TiO₂ grade increased with the increase in carbon amount (14%). When the temperature was higher than 1600°C and the carbon amount was less than 14%, the TiO₂ grade in the slag phase could reach the maximum value, which can be used for the chlorination process to prepare titanium dioxide.     

大型预焙铝电解槽焦粒焙烧技术的改进

本文介绍了某铝业公司大型预焙铝电解槽焦粒焙烧技术的应用和发展,以及焦粒焙烧技术的一些实践经验。     

铝电解槽燃气焙烧过程中出现的问题及其控制措施

简要介绍了铝电解槽燃气焙烧的原理,针对燃气焙烧过程中出现的问题提出了几点控制措施.     

云南某高磷鲕状赤铁矿提铁降磷试验研究

云南某鲕状赤铁矿磷含量高达0.87%,铁品位为45.14%。对此矿石进行单一的强磁选及反浮选试验研究,结果表明都不能获得磷品位低于0.2%,铁品位较高的铁精矿。采用强磁-反浮选及脱泥-反浮选均能获得磷品位低于0.2%,铁品位高于52%的铁精矿。脱泥-反浮选具有投资成本低,流程结构简单的优势,推荐采用此流程处理该矿石。该研究对开发此类高磷鲕状赤铁矿具有一定的借鉴意义。     

铝电解槽燃气焙烧二次启动实践与分析

介绍了350 kA铝电解槽二次启动焙烧方案,详细介绍了燃气一段焙烧、燃气-铝液二段焙烧二次启动过程,对各种方案优缺点进行了分析.     

磨矿方式对赤铁矿球团预热焙烧性能的影响

模拟链篦机—回转窑工艺,研究磨矿方式对赤铁矿粉生球的预热焙烧性能。结果表明,未经磨矿处理的赤铁矿球团预热焙烧性能较差,为满足后续工序要求,生球预热温度需达到1 075℃,焙烧温度为1 280℃。高压辊磨处理对赤铁矿球团工艺条件改善效果较好,润磨次之,湿式球磨效果较弱。经高压辊磨处理后,球团制备过程中可以降低预热温度70℃,焙烧温度60℃,缩短焙烧时间2 min。赤铁矿磨矿处理能够改善球团焙烧过程中Fe2O3晶粒的发育、迁移和连接,提升球团抗压强度。矿粉比表面积和粒度组成的优化是影响球团微观结构和宏观强度的主要原因。     

铝电解槽槽壳侧部散热计算方法的研究

本文借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,对某厂240 kA预焙阳极铝电解槽槽壳侧部散热进行研究,建立半槽切片有限元解析模型,对其电、热场进行耦合计算。该模型的计算结果与实测值吻合较好(槽壳各区域表面温度偏差在4℃以内),所计算的侧部散热量与实测值基本相符,与传统的公式计算相比,更能真实地反映铝电解槽实际运行的散热状况,为铝电解槽能量平衡的研究与优化设计提供精确、快速的研究手段。     

高压辊磨强化赤铁精矿制备氧化球团的研究

以巴西某赤铁精矿为主要原料,在系统研究赤铁矿制备氧化球团特性的基础上,针对其生球强度差、焙烧温度高以及成品球强度差等问题,系统研究了高压辊磨预处理对其成球性能和焙烧性能的影响及规律,并从颗粒形貌的角度分析了影响机理.预处理后铁精矿的比表面积可达1 600 cm2/g以上,膨润土用量可降低0.75％,适宜的预热温度可降低...     

Influence of Size of Hematite Powder on Its Reduction Kinetics by H2 at Low Temperature

The reduction kinetics and mechanisms of hematite ore with various particle sizes with hydrogen at low temperature were studied using the thermogravimetric analysis. At the same temperature, after the particle size of powder decreases from 107.5 μm to 2. 0 μm, the surface area of the powder and the contact area between the powder and gas increase, which makes the reduction process of hematite accelerate by about 8 times, and the apparent activation energy of the reduction reaction drops to 36.9 kJ/mol from 78.3 kJ/mol because the activity of ore powder is improved by refining gradually. With the same reaction rate, the reaction temperature of 6. 5 μm powder decreases by about 80 ℃ compared with that of 107.5 μm powder. Thinner diffusion layer can also accelerate the reaction owing to powder refining. The higher the temperature, the greater is the peak of the reduction rates at the same temperature, the greater the particle size, the smaller is the peak value of the reduction rates both inner diffusion and inter-face chemical reaction play an important role in the whole reaction process.     

Reduction of synthetic stainless steel slags by aluminium

One of the most efficient ways to eliminate the harm of chromium oxide in stainless steel slag is to reduce chromium oxide in stainless steel slag using aluminium. In the present work, the Al reduction of synthetic CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–Fe₂O₃–Cr₂O₃ stainless steelmaking slags at different conditions, including temperature, slag basicity and Al amount was investigated to get optimal conditions for the reduction and the metal–slag separation. It was found that the agglomeration of metal droplets and metal–slag separations were improved by increasing temperature. The reduction degrees of SiO₂, Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ were enhanced with increasing basicity of slag. The addition of CaF₂ in slag leads to better agglomerations of metal droplets and metal–slag separations. The highest reduction degree of chromium could reach 99% in slag with basicity of 2 at 1873 K.