微波烧结对粉末冶金铜材显微组织与性能的影响

用微波工艺烧结铜粉压坯,用排水法、布洛维硬度计、拉力试验机测量试样的相对致密度、硬度及拉伸性能,结果表明:在30min内将微波烧结温度由室温升高到1 000℃再保温10min即可获得相对密度达92.68%的烧结试样,其硬度和延伸率均高于相同温度下的常规烧结试样,但抗拉强度略有降低.还用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观测、分析试样显微组织及断口形貌,结果显示:微波烧结试样的晶粒比常规烧结试样的细小且孔隙分布均匀.     

Sn含量对粉末冶金304不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用真空烧结制备了304奥氏体粉末冶金不锈钢,研究了不同Sn含量对粉末冶金304不锈钢材料显微组织、密度、抗拉强度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：在烧结温度1 300℃的条件下,随着Sn的添加量增加,组织中的孔隙数量减少,孔隙尺寸减小且分布均匀,不规则的大孔隙逐渐变为球形的小孔隙,试样具有最大的密度7.308 g/cm³。当Sn的添加量为2%时,烧结试样断口的韧窝分布均匀,孔隙发生球化,孔隙较小且尺寸均匀,韧窝之间以网状相连,此时力学性能达到最优,硬度和抗拉强度分别达到62.23HRB和363.34 MPa。继续增大Sn的添加量,由于密度下降,力学性能也随之下降,断口中韧窝尺寸增大且出现不规则的形状。电化学实验表明,随着Sn含量增加到2%,304不锈钢的耐蚀性先增大后减小。     

CuNi合金放电等离子烧结温度场的热电耦合分析

在烧结试验测得实际加载电流曲线和温升曲线的基础上,以Marc有限元软件为平台,对CuNi合金放电等离子烧结(SPS)烧结过程进行热电耦合有限元模拟。结果表明:采用热电耦合有限元分析,可以较好地预测导电材料放电等离子烧结过程的温度升高和分布规律;在保温的初始阶段,试样中心部位的温度基本达到烧结温度,但此时试样各部位的温度并不均匀一致,模具各部分之间的温度差距也较大,且试样中心温度高于试样边缘温度;在保温结束阶段,试样中心部位的温度略高于实际烧结温度,模具各部分之间的温度差距逐渐减小。     

熔剂对阳春粉熔化性及烧结质量的影响

采用拉伸试验机测定烧结试样的强度,应用半球点法测定试样的熔化性温度,研究了SiO2、Al2O3和MgO含量对阳春铁矿粉熔化性及其烧结质量的影响。结果表明:随着SiO2含量的增加,熔化性温度相应降低,当SiO2的质量分数为5.6%时抗压强度较大;随Al2O3含量增加熔化性温度略有升高,烧结矿强度略有降低;MgO含量增加,阳春粉的熔化性温度相应升高,烧结试样的抗压强度相应升高。     

烧结温度对氧化铪粉末性能的影响及喷涂涂层性能研究

本试验采用喷雾干燥 - 高温烧结的方法制备了氧化铪粉末, 并采用大气等离子喷涂 (APS) 技术在钢基体表 面制备了氧化铪涂层, 研究了烧结温度对氧化铪粉末以及涂层微观组织和性能的影响。 结果表明随着烧结温度从 1000 ℃升高至 1300 ℃, 氧化铪粉末微观组织变化不明显, 微颗粒也未发生明显长大, 当温度升高至 1400℃以上 时, 粉末内部组织逐渐变得致密, 微颗粒开始微熔连接, 形成网络状骨架; 当烧结温度为 1000 ℃至 1300 ℃时, 粉末颗粒强度处于相对较低的水平, 随着烧结温度升高至 1400 ℃、 1500 ℃时, 粉末颗粒强度逐渐增大; 1400 ℃ 烧结后的氧化铪粉末经大气等离子喷涂形成的涂层组织均匀结构较致密, 涂层孔隙率为 3.9%, 涂层平均显微硬 度为 552.24 HV0.3, 涂层结合强度均值达到 24.78 MPa。     

铁基粉末冶金气门导管烧结温度的研究

采用2种常用的烧结温度制备Fe-Cu-C系气门导管,然后对其显微组织、密度、硬度和压溃强度进行测试。结果表明:相比于1 120℃烧结的试样,1 150℃烧结试样在高温区的脱碳更严重,珠光体数量减少,硬度降低,且高温会加速Cu的扩散,使孔隙增加,降低试样致密度。从组织性能、生产成本考虑,烧结温度以1 120℃为宜。     

烧结温度对粉末冶金304不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用真空烧结制备了304奥氏体粉末冶金不锈钢,研究了不同烧结温度对粉末冶金304不锈钢材料显微组织、密度、抗拉强度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：随着烧结温度由1 210℃升高到1 300℃,304不锈钢烧结体组织孔隙数量减少、孔隙尺寸明显减小,当烧结温度提高到1 360℃时,烧结体组织中晶粒逐渐长大并粗化,孔隙尺寸增大。随着烧结温度升高,烧结体的密度、硬度、抗拉强度和耐腐蚀性能先增大后减小。最佳烧结温度为1 300℃,此时烧结试样具有最大的密度、硬度和抗拉强度,分别为7.23 g/cm³、HRB68.88、344.19 MPa,试样的自腐蚀电流最小,具有最佳的耐腐性能。     

烧结温度对30Cr粉末冶金低合金钢组织与性能的影响

采用气雾化制粉-热压烧结工艺制备30Cr粉末冶金低合金钢,研究烧结温度对其显微组织及力学性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计、力学试验机等对不同烧结温度下获得的样品进行分析。结果表明:在1100~1200℃的烧结温度下,随着烧结温度的升高,30Cr粉末冶金低合金钢烧结样品的孔隙数量不断减少,孔隙尺寸也不断变小;样品组织为粒状贝氏体,由板条状M/A岛和多边形铁素体组成,随着烧结温度的升高,M/A岛逐渐增多并不断长大;随着烧结温度的升高,烧结试样的密度、硬度、拉伸强度和屈服强度均不断提高,这与烧结试样孔隙率减少和硬质M/A岛不断增多有关。当烧结温度继续升高到1225℃,样品出现过烧现象,样品内出现孔洞等缺陷,其力学性能下降。在烧结温度为1200℃时样品得到最优性能,其拉伸强度和延伸率分别可达1288 MPa和12.52%。     

烧结温度对Fe-Cu-Mo-C合金组织和性能的影响

采用机械球磨混粉和真空烧结相结合的方法制备了Fe-Cu-Mo-C合金,研究了不同烧结温度对粉末冶金Fe-Cu-Mo-C合金材料的显微组织、密度、抗拉强度和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度由1 000℃升高到1 100℃,Fe-Cu-Mo-C合金烧结体组织孔隙数量减少、孔隙尺寸明显降低;当烧结温度提高到1 150℃时,烧结体组织中孔隙尺寸增大。随着烧结温度升高,烧结体的密度、硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率先增大后减小,磨损量先降低后升高。最佳烧结温度为1 100℃,此时烧结体的密度为6.90 g/cm3,抗拉强度为319 MPa,洛氏硬度为34.7 HRC,磨损量为0.087 g。     

金属热还原K2HfF6制备铪粉的研究

研究了分别以Mg,Al为还原剂,还原K2HfF6制备金属铪粉的可能性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等测试方法分析了产品的物相、形貌,研究了NaCl-KCl熔盐体系对铪粉形貌和杂质含量的影响。实验结果表明:Mg(过量20%)为还原剂,反应温度900℃、时间3 h可以还原铪氟酸钾得到金属铪粉,但产物中含有大量的无法除去的杂质MgF2;Al(过量20%)为还原剂,反应温度900℃、时间3 h制备的铪粉纯度达到98.75%,粒径为3μm左右,杂质含量较低,其中极少量的铝是以铪铝金属间化合物的形式存在的。研究表明,在以铝为还原剂的还原体系中添加NaCl-KCl熔盐由于添加的熔盐使铪和铝更易和杂质形成以氟络盐的形态存在的复杂化合物,导致铪粉中杂质的含量增加,同时由于添加熔盐使体系引入相当数量的电子,有利于铪氟酸钾的还原,在均相反应过程中呈现局部的电中性,使得制取的铪粉尺寸倾向于降低。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.