Effect of NaCl on the flotation response of low-rank coal

In this study, the effect of adding NaCl on the flotation enhancement mechanism of low-rank coal was investigated. A gradual reduction in the negativity of the zeta potential of low-rank coal with NaCl addition was conducive to reducing the bubble–particle attachment time and enhancing low-rank coal recovery. In addition, the reduced bubble size and improved foam stability with NaCl addition were moderately beneficial to coal recovery. The flotation rate constant, k, and the maximum combustible recovery, ε_∞, increased remarkably as the NaCl concentration increased, indicating that the flotation kinetic of low-rank coal was enhanced by the addition of NaCl.     

Influence of mass air flow ratio on gas-particle flow characteristics of a swirl burner in a 29 MW pulverized coal boiler

In a gas/particle two-phase test facility, a three-component particle-dynamics anemometer was used to measure the characteristics of gas/particle two-phase flows in a 29 megawatt (MW) pulverized coal industrial boiler equipped with a new type of swirling pulverized coal burner. The distributions of three-dimensional gas/particle velocity, particle volume flux, and particle size distribution were measured under different working conditions. The mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux in the central region of the burner outlet were found to be negative. This indicated that a central recirculation zone was formed in the center of the burner. In the central recirculation zone, the absolute value of the mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux increased when the external secondary air volume increased. The size of the central reflux zone remained stable when the air volume ratio changed. Along the direction of the jet, the peak value formed by the tertiary air gradually moved toward the center of the burner. This tertiary air was mixed with the peak value formed by the air in the adiabatic combustion chamber after the cross-section of x/d = 0.7. Large particles were concentrated near the wall area, and the particle size in the recirculation zone was small.     

乏气送粉锅炉煤粉浓度软测量技术及其仿真研究

锅炉燃烧过程中,喷燃器出口煤粉浓度不均将会导致炉膛火焰中心偏斜,从而引起炉膛气流冲刷后墙及右墙,高温过热器,高温再热器出现局部超温,结焦的现象。因此准确测量各风管中的煤粉浓度并指导调节对锅炉的安全,经济运行非常重要,为此,必须寻找一种简单,高效,实用而且适合工程应用的煤粉浓度测量的方法。对于热风送粉锅炉的煤粉浓度测量,国内外做了大量的研究,并得到了工程应用。本文提出了一种乏气送粉方式下基于气固两相流理论,根据风粉混合前后压力差大小计算粉煤浓度的新方法,并在理论推导的基础上进行了仿真研究,结果表明,煤粉浓度计算值与混合压差呈很好的对应, 说明能量法理论计算公式是适用的。     

Boiling heat transfer coefficient of R22 and an HFC/HC refrigerant mixture in a fin‐and‐tube evaporator of a window air conditioner

The commonly used refrigerant in unitary type air conditioners is R22 and its phase out schedule in developing countries is to commence from 2015. Many alternatives to R22 are found in published literature in which R407C has similar characteristics to those of R22 except for its zeotropic nature. However, R407C which is an HFC is made compatible with the mineral oil lubricant in the system compressor by the addition of 20% of HC. This HFC/HC mixture called the M20 refrigerant mixture is reported to be a retrofit refrigerant for R22. Though its latent heat value is greater than that of R22, its refrigerating capacity is lower when it is used to retrofit R22 window air conditioners. Hence, a heat transfer analysis was conducted in the evaporator of a room air conditioner, for practically realized heat flux conditions during standard performance testing. The tests were conducted as per the BIS and ASHRAE standards. Kattan–Thome–Favrat maps are used to confirm the flow patterns, which prevail inside the fin‐and‐tube evaporator in the tested operating conditions. It is revealed that the heat transfer coefficient/heat fluxes are poorer for M20 because of the lower mass flow rate and higher vapor fraction at the entry of the evaporator than that of R22 in the prevailing operating conditions. The heat transfer coefficients of the M20 refrigerant mixture under various test conditions are lower in the range of 14% to 56% than those of R22. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20299     

Comparative study on the electrochemical performance of coals and coal chars in a molten carbonate direct carbon fuel cell with a novel anode structure

Molten carbonate direct carbon fuel cells (MC-DCFCs) allow the efficient and clean use of coal. In this study, a novel anode structure is designed, and the performances of six coal-based fuels are investigated in MC-DCFC. The mechanisms of performance differences are investigated, as well as the effect of operating temperature on performance. The results reveal the fuel cell performance in the following order: meagre coal (109.8) ≈ bituminous coal (108.7) > bituminous coal char (98.1) > lignite coal (83.7) > lignite coal char (71.3) > meagre coal char (53.2) in mW cm^?2. Coal performs better because of its high carbon content, high volatile content, rich oxygen-containing functional groups, larger specific surface area, stronger thermal reactivity, and other factors. The electrochemical reactivity of coal fuel increased with higher reaction temperatures and varied throughout the temperature ranges. This study implies that using coal fuel to commercialize MC-DCFC could be a realistic alternative.